Objective: High menstrual bleeding (HMB) is a common issue affecting women's health, often leading to significant physical and psychological distress. While several medical treatments are available, many women face treatment failures or undesirable side effects, prompting interest in natural remedies. This systematic review aims to evaluate the therapeutic effects of Plantago major on women with high menstrual bleeding, focusing on randomized clinical trials.
Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in various databases such as, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar to identify relevant randomized clinical trials assessing the efficacy of Plantago major in reducing menstrual bleeding until July 2024. Various preparations of P. major were utilized in the included studies.
Results: Administration of P. major leaf and seed extract significantly reduced both the duration and severity of bleeding. These extracts also led to a decrease in hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (HTC) levels in the intervention group compared to the control group. The rectal suppository of P. major seed extract significantly decreased bleeding during the first 4 hours postpartum compared to the control group. Additionally, vaginal suppositories of P. major leaf extract notably reduced the mean in the pictorial blood loss assessment chart (PBAC) and improved the duration of bleeding in the intervention group.
Conclusion: The extracts of P. major seeds and leaves may enhance hematological parameters and reduce both the mean and severity of menstrual bleeding; however, the clinical significance of these findings necessitates further assessment in future trials.