Document Type : Review Article
Authors
1
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. School of Dentistry, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
2
Oral and Maxillofacial Resident at Faculty of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University Isfahan Branch, Isfahan, Iran.
3
Student Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
4
Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences
5
Pediatrics, Wright State University
10.22038/ajp.2025.26263
Abstract
Objective: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) has high morbidity in major surgery, serious injury, or during periods of inflammation and infection. VTE has serious complications, resulting in death. This review aims to evaluate the efficacy and mechanisms of resveratrol (RSV) in preventing and treating deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE).
Material and methods: Various databases like MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were comprehensively searched to find relevant studies published before January 2024. After defining the inclusion and exclusion, selecting studies related to the purpose of the study, data were extracted, and study characteristics, methods, and biological mechanisms were recorded and reviewed.
Results: RSV potentially prevents and attenuates VTE through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticoagulant mechanisms. It inhibited endothelial and platelet reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, enhanced endogenous antioxidants, and downregulated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and proinflammatory cytokines. RSV also regulated coagulation and fibrinolysis, inhibited tissue factor (TF) and myeloperoxidase (MPO), and reduced apoptosis. Additionally, RSV reduced adhesion molecule expression, including vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), P-selectin, and von Willebrand Factor (vWF), while promoting vasodilation and endothelial protection through increased nitric oxide (NO) production, SIRT1 activation, and ANGPT2 expression.
Conclusion: In vivo and in vitro studies have revealed that RSV has promising effects on DVT and PE. However, more well-designed controlled clinical trials with human subjects are needed to examine its application in clinical settings.
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