The hematopoietic potential of methanolic and aqueous extracts of Portulaca oleracea in a phenylhydrazine model of anemia

Document Type : Original Research Article

Authors

1 Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

2 Medical Toxicology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

3 Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

4 Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

5 Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

Abstract

Objective: Portulaca oleracea, commonly known as Purslane, is traditionally used as a sour, diuretic, and cooling herb with hemostatic properties. The present study evaluates the antianemic effect of methanolic and aqueous extracts of P. oleracea in a phenylhydrazine model of anemia.
Materials and Methods: Phenylhydrazine (60 mg/kg/day, i.p., two consecutive days) was used to induce anemia in rats. The aqueous and methanolic extracts of P. oleracea were prepared, and three methods of treatment were defined with two doses (500 and 750 mg/kg, i.p.). The hematological parameters and blood cell morphology, total and direct bilirubin, and morphology, and pathology of bone marrow were evaluated.
Results: The results showed that the methanolic extract has better effects than aqueous extract in improving phenylhydrazine-induced anemia. Our results showed that administration of 500 and 750 mg/kg of P. oleracea methanolic extracts for 4 days could protect against the development of anemia caused by phenylhydrazine.
Conclusion: In summary, the methanolic extracts of P. oleracea might be effective in phenylhydrazine-induced anemia.

Keywords


Al-alimi AA, Bashanfer S, Morish MA. 2018.
Prevalence of iron deficiency anemia among
university students in hodeida province,
yemen. Anemia, 2018: 4157876.
Ansari-Mohseni N, Ghorani-Azam A, Mohajeri
SA. 2022. Therapeutic effects of herbal
medicines in different types of retinopathies:
A systematic review. Avicenna J Phytomed,
Article in Press.
Arthur FK, Woode E, Terlabi EO, Larbie C.
2012. Bilirubin lowering potential of
Annona muricata (Linn.) in temporary
jaundiced rats. Am J Pharmacol Toxicol, 7:
33-40.
Ashour TH. 2014. Hematinic and anti-anemic
effect of thymoquinone against
phenylhydrazine-induced hemolytic anemia
in rats. Res J Med Sci, 8: 67-72.
Berger J. 2007. Phenylhydrazine
haematotoxicity. J Appl Biomed, 5: 125-
130.
Bolliger AP. 2004. Cytologic evaluation of
bone marrow in rats: indications, methods,
and normal morphology. Vet Clin Pathol,
33: 58-67.
Chan K, Islam M, Kamil M, Radhakrishnan R,
Zakaria M, Habibullah M, Attas A. 2000.
The analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects
of Portulaca oleracea L. subsp. sativa (Haw.)
Celak. J Ethnopharmacol, 73: 445-451.
Erkan N. 2012. Antioxidant activity and
phenolic compounds of fractions from
Portulaca oleracea L. Food Chem, 133: 775-
781.
Foutami IJ, Hosseini Yekta N, Mehri M. 2020.
An investigation of the effect of purslane
(Portulaca oleracea L.) extract on body
resistance toward thirst by examining urine
and blood variables in laboratory mice.
Avicenna J Phytomed, 10: 615-632.
Gholamnezhad Z, Shakeri F, Saadat S, Ghorani
V, Boskabady MH. 2019. Clinical and
experimental effects of Nigella sativa and its
constituents on respiratory and allergic
disorders. Avicenna J Phytomed, 9: 195-
212.
Huisjes R, Bogdanova A, van Solinge WW,
Schiffelers RM, Kaestner L, van Wijk R.
2018. Squeezing for life - properties of red
blood cell deformability. Front Physiol, 9:
656.
Iranshahy M, Javadi B, Iranshahi M,
Jahanbakhsh SP, Mahyari S, Hassani FV,
Karimi G. 2017. A review of traditional
uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of
Portulaca oleracea L. J Ethnopharmacol,
205: 158-172.
Jafarian A, Zolfaghari B, Shirani K. 2014.
Cytotoxicity of different extracts of arial
parts of Ziziphus spina-christi on Hela and
The effect of Purslane on PHZ-induced anemia
AJP, Vol. 13, No. 1, Jan-Feb 2023 95
MDA-MB-468 tumor cells. Adv Biomed
Res, 3: 38.
Kassebaum NJ. 2016. The global burden of
anemia. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am, 30:
247-308.
Kaveh M, Eidi A, Nemati A, Boskabady MH.
2017. Modulation of lung inflammation and
immune markers in asthmatic rats treated by
Portulaca oleracea. Avicenna J Phytomed, 7:
409-416.
Khanam B, Begum W, Tipo FA. 2019.
Pharmacological profile, phytoconstituents,
and traditional uses of Khurfa (Portulaca
oleracea L.): Unani perspective. Pharma
Innovation, 8: 367-372.
Khodadadi H, Pakdel R, Khazaei M, Niazmand
S, Bavarsad K, Hadjzadeh MA. 2018. A
comparison of the effects of Portulaca
oleracea seeds hydro-alcoholic extract and
vitamin C on biochemical, hemodynamic
and functional parameters in cardiac tissue
of rats with subclinical hyperthyroidism.
Avicenna J Phytomed, 8: 161-169.
Memisoglu A, Kolgazi M, Yaman A, Bahadir
E, Sirvanci S, Yeğen B, Ozek E. 2017.
Neuroprotective effect of erythropoietin on
phenylhydrazine-induced hemolytic
hyperbilirubinemia in neonatal rats.
Neurochem Res, 42: 1026-1037.
Ousaaid D, Ghouizi AE, Laaroussi H, Bakour
M, Mechchate H, Es-Safi I, Kamaly OA,
Saleh A, Conte R, Lyoussi B, El Arabi I.
2022. Anti-anemic effect of antioxidant-rich
apple vinegar against phenylhydrazineinduced hemolytic anemia in rats. Life
(Basel), 12: 239.
Palmer L, Briggs C, McFadden S, Zini G,
Burthem J, Rozenberg G, Proytcheva M,
Machin S. 2015. ICSH recommendations for
the standardization of nomenclature and
grading of peripheral blood cell
morphological features. Int J Lab Hematol,
37: 287-303.
Pandey K, Meena A, Jain A, Singh R. 2018.
Molecular mechanism of phenylhydrazine
induced haematotoxicity: a review. Am J
Phytomed Clin Ther, 2: 390-394.
Petropoulos S, Karkanis A, Martins N, Ferreira
I. 2016. Phytochemical composition and
bioactive compounds of common purslane
(Portulaca oleracea L.) as affected by crop
management practices. Trends Food Sci
Technol, 55: 1-10.
Phillips J, Henderson AC. 2018. Hemolytic
anemia: evaluation and differential
diagnosis. Am Fam Physician, 98: 354-361.
Radhakrishnan R, Zakaria MNM, Islam M,
Chen H, Kamil M, Chan K, Al-Attas A.
2001. Neuropharmacological actions of
Portulaca oleraceae L v. sativa (Hawk). J
Ethnopharmacol, 76: 171-176.
Rahimi VB, Ajam F, Rakhshandeh H, Askari
VR. 2019. A pharmacological review on
Portulaca oleracea L.: focusing on antiinflammatory, anti- oxidant, immunomodulatory and antitumor activities. J
Pharmacopuncture, 22: 7-15.
Sang Hun L, Suh HJ, Suk T, Park Y, Park J-W,
Jung E. 2012. Hematopoietic effect of
bacillus subtilis– fermented antler extract on
phenylhydrazine-induced hemolytic anemia
in Sprague–Dawley rats. J Med Food, 15:
774-780.
Sharma ML, Soni JL, Datta K. 1991.
Pathomorphological changes in calf
erythrocytes during phenylhydrazineinduced acute hemolytic anaemia. Arch Exp
Veterinarmed, 45: 45-48.
Shirani K, Yousefsani BS, Shirani M, Karimi
G. 2020. Protective effects of naringin
against drugs and chemical toxins induced
hepatotoxicity: A review. Phytother Res, 34:
1734-1744.
Shukla P, Singh RK. 2015. Toxicogenomics of
phenylhydrazine induced hematotoxicity
and its attenuation by plumbagin from
plumbago zeylanica. Pharmacogn Mag, 11:
S380-S387.
Shukla P, Yadav N, Singh P, Bansode F, Singh
R. 2012. Phenylhydrazine induced toxicity:
a review on its haematotoxicity. Int J Basic
Appl Med Sci, 2: 86-91.
Simopoulos AP, Norman HA, Gillaspy JE,
Duke JA. 1992. Common purslane: a source
of omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants. J
Am Coll Nutr, 11: 374-382.
Sultana A, Rahman K. 2013. Portulaca oleracea
Linn. a global Panacea with ethno-medicinal
and pharmacological potential. Int J Pharm
Sci Res, 5: 33-39.
Uddin M, Juraimi AS, Hossain MS, Un A, Ali
M, Rahman M. 2014. Purslane weed
(Portulaca oleracea): a prospective plant
source of nutrition, omega-3 fatty acid, and
antioxidant attributes. Sci World J, 2014:
951019.
Wang C-Q, Yang G-Q. 2010. Betacyanins from
Portulaca oleracea L. ameliorate cognition
Shirani et al.
AJP, Vol. 13, No. 1, Jan-Feb 2023 96
deficits and attenuate oxidative damage
induced by D-galactose in the brains of
senescent mice. Phytomedicine, 17: 527-
532.
YouGuo C, ZongJi S, XiaoPing C. 2009.
Evaluation of free radicals scavenging and
immunity-modulatory activities of Purslane
polysaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol, 45:
448-452.
Zanella A, Barcellini W. 2014. Treatment of
autoimmune hemolytic anemias.
Haematologica, 99: 1547-1554.
Zhou Y-X, Xin H-L, Rahman K, Wang S-J,
Peng C, Zhang H. 2015. Portulaca oleracea
L.: a review of phytochemistry and
pharmacological effects. Biomed Res Int,
2015: 925631.
Zhu H, Wang Y, Liu Y, Xia Y, Tang T. 2009.
Analysis of flavonoids in Portulaca oleracea
L. by UV–vis spectrophotometry with
comparative study on different extraction
technologies. Food Anal Methods, 3: 90-97