Effect of the aqueous extract of Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) on the kidney in experimental PCOS female rats

Document Type : Original Research Article

Authors

Department of Biology, Faculty of science, Urmia University, Urmia, I. R. Iran

Abstract

Objective: Foeniculum vulgare seed (F. vulgare) is a herbal plant which is used with phytoestrogene compounds for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) treatment. In this research, renoprotective effect of the aqueous extract of Foeniculum vulgare (AEF) in experimental PCOS female rats is studied.
Materials and Methods: Forty female rats were randomly divided into five groups. The first group served as control,was injected with an equivalent volume (0.2 ml) of normal saline, and received normal diet. Animals in the second group were non poly cystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) rats which were treated with intragastric administration of aqueous extract of F. vulgare (150 mg/kg b.w.). In the third group, the rats were treated with intraperitoneal injection of estradiolvalerate (EV) (4 mg in 0.2 ml of sesame oil). The fourth groups were treated with EV and AEF (150mg/kg bw) with the same route.  The fifth groups were treated with EV and AEF (100mg/kg bw). After 4 weeks of study, all of the rats were sacrificed, their kidneys tissues were processed for light microscopy, and some biochemical parameters of serum were measured.
Results: The mean values of blood urea nitrogen in PCOS rats treated with low dose of AEF and EV and non-treated, was significantly (p<0.05) increased compared with non-PCOS and PCOS rats treated with high dose of AEF. Moreover, histopathological changes of kidney samples were comparable in PCOS rats with respect to treated groups with AEF.
Conclusion: Aqueous extract of fennel seed showed the beneficial effect (especially at dose of 150 mg/kg b.w.) on renal function in PCOS rats.

Keywords


Abdelaaty A, Shahat AA, Ibrahim AY, Hendawy SF, Omer EA, Hammouda FM, Abdel-Rahman FH and Mahmoud A. Saleh MA.2011. Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oils from Organically Cultivated Fennel Cultivars,Molecules, 16, 1366-1377.
Albert-Puelo M, 1980.Fennel and anise as estrogenic agents. J Ethnopharmacology, 12: 337-344.

Alvarez A, Hermenegildo C, Issekutz AC, Esplugues JV, Sanz MJ, 2002. Estrogens inhibit angiotensin II-induced leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in vivo via rapid endothelial nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase activation. Circ Res, 91: 1142-1150.

Antus B,Hamar B,Kokeny G,Mucsi L,Nemes Z,Rosival L, 2003 .Estradiol is nephroprotective in the rat remnant kidney.Nephrol Dial Transplant ,18: 54-61.
Bhathena SJ and Velasquez MT, 2002. Beneficial role of dietary phytoestrogens in obesity and diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr, 76: 1191-201.
Baylis C. 1994. Age-dependent glomerular damage in the rat. Dissociation between glomerular injury and both glomerular hypertension and hypertrophy. Male gender as a primer risk factor. J Clin Invest, 94: 1823-1829.
 Bekhradi R. 2004. New treatment plant.1st ed.Bekhradi pub, P 61-73.
Boskabady MH, Khatami A, Nazari A, 2002. Possible mechanism (s) relaxant effects of Foeniculum vulgare on guinea pig tracheal chains. Pharmazie,59: 561-564.
 Castro AF, Coresh J. 2009. CKD surveillance using laboratory data from the population-based National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Am J Kidney, 53: S46-55.
Chadban S, 2010. Assessment of kidney function in type 2 diabetes, Nephrology, 15: S14G-S161.
Choi EM and Hwang JK. 2004. Antiinflammatory analgesic and antioxidant activities of the fruit of Foeniculum vulgare. Fitoterapia, 75: 557-565.
Düsterberg B and  Nishino Y, 1982. Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacological features of estradiol valerat. Maturitas, 4: 315-324.
Ehrmann DA. 2005. Polycystic ovary syndrome. N Engl J Med, 352: 1223-1236.
 Engmann L, Maconochie N, Sladkevicious P. 2005. The outcome of in-vitro fertilisatio treatment in women with polychystic ovaries. Repro biomed online, 6: 181-184.
Engmann L, Maconochie N, Sladkevicius P, Bekir J, Campbell S, Tan SL. 1999. The outcome of in-vitro fertilization treatment in women with sonographic evidence of polycystic ovarian morphology. Hum Reprod, 14: 167-171.
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), 2009. Advice on the EFSA guidance document for the safety assessment of botanicals and botanical preparations intended for use as food supplements, based on real case studies. EFSA Journal, 7:280.
Franks S. 1995. Poly cystic ovaries. N Engl J Med, 333: 853-861.
Hemati A, Azarnia M. 2012. Effect of the Hydroalcoholic Extract of Heracleum persicum (Golpar) on Folliculogenesis in Female Wistar Rats. Int J Food Sci, 14: 47-52.
Khani B, Mehrabian F, Khalesi E, Eshraghi A, 2011. Effect of soy phytoestrogen on metabolic and hormonal disturbance of women with PCOS. J Res Med Sci, 16: 297-230.
Lau DC, Yan H, Dhillon B, 2006. Metabolic syndrome: a marker of patients at high cardiovascular risk. Can J Cardiol, 22: 85B-90B.

Mirzayi F, Kazemi N. 2008. Prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in women with type 2 diabetes in Kerman, Iran. Metab Syndr Relat Disord, 6:215-217

Negulescu O, Bognar I, Lei J, Devarajan P, Silbiger S, Neugarten J. 2002. Estradiol reverses TGF-beta1-induced mesangial cell apoptosis by a casein kinase 2-dependent mechanism. Kidney Int, 62: 1989-1998.
Oktay M, Gulcin I, Irfan O. 2010. Determination of in vitro antioxidant activity of fennel seeds extracts. Food Sci Technol, 43: 1000.
Ostad SN, Soodi M, Shariffzadch M, Khorshidi N, Marzban H. 2001. The effect of fennel essential oil on uterine contraction as a model for dysmenorrhea, pharmacology and toxicology study. J Ethnopharmacol, 76: 299-304.
Ozbek H, Ugras  S, Dulger  H, Bayram  I, Tuncer  I, Ozturk  G. 2003. Hepatoprotective effect of Foeniculum vulgare  essential oil. Fitoterapia, 74: 317-319.
Quan A, hakravarty S, Chen JK, Chen JC, Loleh S, Saini N, Harris RC,Capdevila J, Quigley R. 2004. Androgens augment proximal tubule transport. Am J Physiol Renal hysiol, 287: F452–F459.
Quinkler M, Bumke-Vogt C, Meyer B, Bahr V, Oelkers W, Diederich S. 2003. The human kidney is a progesterone-metabolizing and androgen producing organ. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 88: 2803-2809.
Ramawat KG, Goyal s. 2008. The Indian herbal drugs scenario in global perspectives. In Bioactive Molecules and Medicinal Plants. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 325-347.
Ribstein J, Halimi JM, du Cailar G, Mimran A. 1999. Renal characteristics and effect of angiotensin suppression in oral contraceptive users.Hypertension, 33: 90-95.
Robert  J and Anneloe  E. 2008. Recomended therapies for metabolic defects in pcos. Contemporary Endcrinology, 159-279 .
Rosenblum ER, Saubern RE. 1993. Assesmant of the estrogenic activity of phytoestrogenes isolated from bourbon and beer. Alcholelin Exp Res, 17: 1207-1209.
Siahi M, Shiravi A, Heydari M. 2009. Effect of fennel hydro extract of fennel on prolactin and lactation in female Rat. J Damghan univ 1: 55-63.
Silbiger SR and Neugarten J. 1995. The impact of gender on the progression of chronic renal disease. Am J Kidney  Dis, 25: 515-533
Stevenson FT, Wheeldon CM, Gades MD, Kaysen GA, Stern JS, van Goor H. 2000. Estrogen worsens incipient hypertriglyceridemic glomerular injury in the obese Zucker rat. Kidney Int, 57: 1927-1935.