Investigation of the co-administration of flaxseed supplementation with high-intensity interval training, resistance training, or combined training on hematological indices and kidney health in fructose/CCl4-induced NAFLD in rats

Eghbal Moghanlou, Abdorreza; UCA, Merve; Eslami, Zahra; Gürsoy, Yusuf Can; Fatih Incibas, Mehmet; Mirghani, Seyed Javad

doi:10.22038/ajp.2025.27213

Investigation of the co-administration of flaxseed supplementation with high-intensity interval training, resistance training, or combined training on hematological indices and kidney health in fructose/CCl4-induced NAFLD in rats

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Research Article

Authors

¹ Department of Coaching Education, High School of Physical Education and Sports, Istanbul Esenyurt University, Istanbul, Turkey

² Department of Sports Management, High School of Physical Education and Sports, Istanbul Esenyurt University, Istanbul, Turkey

³ Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hamadan university of medical science, Hamadan, Iran Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Golestan university of medical science, Golestan, Iran

⁴ Department of Physical Education and Sports Teaching, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Kütahya Dumlupınar University, Kütahya, Turkey

⁵ Shahid Mirghani Research Institute, Gorgan, Golestan, Iran

10.22038/ajp.2025.27213

Abstract

Objective: Types of exercise training and flaxseed are beneficial approaches to improve non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-induced hematological abnormalities. We aimed to determine which type of exercise training supplemented with flaxseed is more efficient for the improvement of blood and kidney function and hematological parameters in fructose/CCl4-induced NAFLD in rats.
Materials and Methods: Forty male Wistar rats were divided randomly into five groups (n= 8): 1) ND (normal diet); 2) high-fat diet (HFD); 3) HFD + resistance training (RT) + Flaxseed; 4) HFD + high-intensity interval training (HIIT) + Flaxseed; and 5) HFD+ RT+ HIIT (CT) + Flaxseed. The interventions administered for 8 weeks once daily after NAFLD induction through CCl4 and fructose (15 weeks), and at the end of the 23^rd weeks, hematological and renal indices were analyzed.
Results: The blood and liver tissue indices indicated that the HFD group had high triglycerides (TG) and had significant steatosis, inflammation, and ballooning compared to the ND group. Red blood cell (RBC) count (p= 0.039), hemoglobin (Hb) (p= 0.011), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (p=0.001) in the HFD group were significantly lower, and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (p=0.003) was higher compared to the ND group. RT+ flaxseed administration led to a decrease in RBC count and hematocrit (HCT) and increased MCH compared to the HFD group. These changes showed similar trends in the HIIT+ flaxseed group. All types of training along with flaxseed caused to decrease MCV (p< 0.005) and elevated MCHC compared to HFD group (p=0.000). Renal markers analysis showed that CT+ flaxseed led to increased urea compared to the HIIT+ flaxseed group (p= 0.018), but there were no significant differences between other groups in urea or creatinine (Cr).
Conclusion: Exercise training when supplemented with flaxseed can improve NAFLD-associated blood abnormalities, while HIIT was more efficient than other modes of training.

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