Document Type : Original Research Article
Authors
1
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
2
Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
3
Government Graduate College for Women, Jhelum, Higher Education Department, Punjab, Pakistan.
4
Mukabbir College of Pharmacy, Gujrat
5
Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
6
Department of Biology,College of science , Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
7
Oral Biology Department, Faculty of dentistry, king Abdulaziz University, Jeddah Saudi Arabia
8
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt.
10.22038/ajp.2025.89116.4120
Abstract
Objective: Fagonia indica is a medicinal plant with ethnopharmacological properties. This study aimed to evaluate its phytochemical, antioxidant, and hypoglycemic effects in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
Materials and Methods: The methanolic crude extract of F. indica was evaluated for in-vitro phytochemical activities, HPLC profiling, and antioxidant activity. In-vivo studies were conducted on albino rats to assess its anti-hyperglycemic effects and modulatory activity on oxidative stress markers.
Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed high phenolic (284.57±3.62 mg Quercetin Equivalent/g dry extract) and flavonoid (466.52±3.33 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent/g dry extract) contents and HPLC-based phenolic and flavonoid compounds were detected. The extracts exhibited significant antioxidant capacity, as determined by several assays, total reducing power was 18.49±1.23 mg of dry extract, and antioxidant capacity 6.96±0.51 mg of dry extract. Furthermore, extracts showed dose-dependent inhibition of radical scavenging activity via DPPH (81.7%), β-carotene (82.9%), and nitric oxide (37.1%) assays. Moreover, treatment with F. indica crude extract (FICE) significantly reduced blood glucose level by 63.8%, and normalized serum biochemical biomarkers, including alanine and aspartate transaminases, cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, bilirubin, urea, and creatinine, and serum pancreatic biomarkers such as insulin, lipase and amylase. Moreover, in diabetic rats, FICE treatment restored antioxidant defenses in pancreas, liver, and kidney tissues by increasing superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase total protein, reduced glutathione, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels.
Conclusion: F. indica possesses potential hypoglycemic and antioxidant properties, supporting its potential as a therapeutic agent for diabetes management.
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