The effect of hydro-alcoholic of Phoenix Dactylifera extract on sleep and EEG in rat

Document Type : Original Research Article

Authors

1 Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran

2 Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran

Abstract

Objective: Hard envelope of date palm pollen is used as a sedative and calmative compounds in Iranian traditional medicine. We tried to study the effects of Phoenix dactylifera (Tarooneh) extract on sleep time and Brian waves.
Materials and Methods: Rats were divided into control and test groups in sleep experiment. Control groups included intact group (without any injection), negative control group (saline) and positive control group (midazolam 0.1 mg/kg). Test groups received three doses of Tarooneh extract (62.5, 125 and 250 mg/kg). Rat were placed in sleep physiograph system and recording started 20 min after 2-hr calming down. Four parameters including sleep time, awakening, most activity period and main sleep time interval were measured. In EEG experiment electrodes were placed under the cranium for EEG recording and waves were compared with their baselines.
Results: All doses of the extract increased sleeping time (p< 0.05) but just the dose of 250 mg/kg (p<0.05) and midazolam (p< 0.001) decreased the awakening time. EEG results showed that the dose of 125 mg/kg increased the low frequency waves (p< 0.05) and the dose of 250 mg/kg decreased high frequency waves of alpha and beta (p< 0.05).
Conclusion: Due to these effect on sleeping time and EEG, Tarooneh extract consumption can be useful as a sedative agent in Iranian traditional medicine. According to this study, the doses of 125 and 250 mg/kg of the extract would be the appropriate doses to be further studied.

Keywords

Main Subjects


Abram RM. 2015. Sleep deprivation. Obst and gyn hospital and lab, 42:493-506.
Alaei H. 2001. Effects of serotonergic system on the sleeping time and EEG in rats. Tehran Univ Med J, 59:8-17
Al –Taher AY. 2008. Possible anti-diarrhoeal effect of the date palm (Phoenix Dactylifera L) spathe aqueous extract in rats.  Sci J Faisal Uni, 9:131-138.
Bastien CH, LeBlanc M, Carrier J, Morin CM. 2003. Sleep EEG power spectra, insomnia, and chronic use of benzodiazepines. Sleep, 26:313–7.
Budhiraja  R, Roth T, Hudgel D.W, Budhiraja P, and  Drake C.L. 2014. Prevalence and polysomnographic correlates of insomnia comorbid with medical disorders. Sleep, 34: 859-867.
Budhiraja R, Roth T, Hudgel DW, Budhiraja P and Drake CL. 2011. Prevalence and polysomnographic correlates of insomnia comorbid with medical disorders. Sleep, 34: 859–867.
Cipriani G, Lucetti C, Danti S, Nuti A. 2015. Sleep disturbances and dementia. Psychogeriatrics, 15: 65–74.
Crunelli V and Hughes SW. 2010. The slow (1 Hz) rhythm of non-REM sleep: a dialogue between three cardinal oscillators. Nat Neurosci, 13: 9 – 17.
Dashti M,  Vahidi A, panjalizadeh A. 2012. Effect of phoenix dactylifera spathe hydroalcoholic extract on chronic pain in mice. J Med Plant, 11:136-44.
David F, Schmiedt JT, Taylor HL, Orban G, Di Giovanni G, Uebele VN, Renger JJ, Lambert RC, Leresche N, Crunelli V. 2013. Essential thalamic contribution to slow waves of natural sleep. J Neurosci, 33:19599 – 19610.
Demirci B, Tsikolia M, Bernier R, Agramonte M, Alqasoumi S, Al-Yahya M, Al-Rehaily AJ, Yusufoglu HS, Demirci F, Başer KH, Khan IA, Tabanca N. 2013. Phoenix dactylifera L. spathe essential oil: Chemical composition and repellent activity against the yellow fever mosquito. Actatropica, 128:557-560.
Freedom T. 2011. Pharmacologic Treatment Of Insomnia. Disease a Month, 57: 345-352.
Hamedi A, Mohagheghzadeh A, Rivaz S. 2013. Preliminary pharmacognostic evaluation and volatile constituent analysis of spathe of Phoenix dactylifera L. (Tarooneh). pharmacognosy j, 5:83-86.
Koch S, Fitzgerald M, Hathway G. 2008. Midazolam Potentiates Nociceptive Behavior, Sensitizes Cutaneous Reflexes, and Is Devoid of Sedative Action in Neonatal Rats. Anesthesiology, 108: 122–129.
Lee BG, Lee BL and ChungWY. 2014. Mobile Healthcare for Automatic Driving Sleep-Onset Detection Using Wavelet-Based EEG and Respiration Signals. Sensors, 14: 17915-17936.
Luan B, Jia W, Thirumala PD, Balzer J, Gao D and Sun M. 2014. A Feasibility Study on a Single-Unit Wireless EEG Sensor. Signal proc, 2014: 2282–2285.
Michal M, Wiltink J, Kirschner Y, Schneider  A, Wild P S, Munzel  T , Blentetner M, Schulz A, Lackner K, Pfeiffer N, Blankenberg S, Tschan R, Tunia I, Buetel ME. 2014. Complaints of sleep disturbances are associated with cardiovascular disease: results from the gutenberg health study. PLoS ONE, 9: 1-8.
Mokhtari M, Sharifi E. 2007. Effect of alcoholic extract of phoenix dactylifera spathe on histological change in testis and concentrations of LH, FSH and testosterone in male rat. Iran J Basic Med Sci, 4:265-271.
Neuendorf R, Wahbeh H, Chamine I, Yu J, Hutchison K, Oken BS. 2015. The Effects of Mind-Body Interventions on Sleep Quality: A Systematic Review. Evid Base Compl Alter Med, 2015: 1-7.
Shivani Gh, Manish G, Vinod J, and Raj G. 2014. Analgesic and hypnotic activities of Laghupanchamula: A preclinical study. Ayurveda, 35: 79–84.
Steriade M. 2006. Grouping of brain rhythms in corticothalamic systems. Neuroscience, 137: 1087–106.
Vafaee AA, Mollashahi Z, Zahedikhorasani M, Taherian AA. 2007.  Surveying the effect of Trigonella Foenum Graecum on stress and sleeping in mice. Sabzevar health mag, 2: 65-72.
Vazquez J and Baghdoyan HA. 2001. Basal forebrainacetylcholinerelease during REM sleep is significantly greater thanduring waking. Am J  Physiol, 280 : 598 – 601.
Wurstblack S, Morairty SR, Chen TM, Leung AK, Wisor JP, Yamanaka A Kilduff TS 2014. GABABagonism promotes sleep and reduces cataplexy in murine narcolepsy. Neurobiol Disorder, 34:6485–6494.
Yaffe  K,  Laffan AM, Harrison  S L. 2011.  Sleep-disordered breathing, hypoxia, and risk of mild cognitive impairment and dementia in older women. J Am Med Associat, 306