The physiological and pharmacological effects of Ziziphoratenuior L.: A review study

Document Type : Review Article

Authors

1 Department of Physiology, Estahban School of Paramedical Sciences, School of Nursing Hazrat Zahra (P.B.U.H) Abadeh, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

2 Department of Physiology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran

3 Department of Nursing, School of Nursing Hazrat Zahra (P.B.U.H) Abadeh, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

4 Department of Biology, Payam Noor University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Objective: Many reports have revealed preventive and therapeutic effects of Ziziphoratenuior; however, few systematic reviews have evaluated such effects. The present study reviews the physiological and pharmacological effects of Z. tenuior extract and its components.
Materials and Methods: English articles were searched in international databases, such as Embase, Scopus, and PubMed; Persian studies were also searched in national databases such as SID and Magiran.
Results: Pulegone is one of the most important effective compounds of Z. tenuior, which has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-stress properties as it affects serotonergic and opioidergic systems and decreases the gastric acid secretion. Moreover, this compound inhibits cholesterol absorption and synthesis, resulting in hyperlipidemic effects and weight loss. In addition to its antioxidant, antitumor, and antibacterial properties, this herb contains an antidiabetic effect mediated by increasing the number of pancreatic beta cells and insulin secretion, and inhibiting alpha-amylase. Although its effective dosage has no side effects, the overuse of its effective compounds, such as pulegone, may raise some liver and pulmonary disorders.
Conclusion: Z. tenuior and its extract can have preventive and therapeutic effects on diabetes and hyperlipidemia-associated diseases. Since most studies on this herb were in vivo, it is necessary to design clinical trials to evaluate its effects.

Keywords


Abdolshahi A, Naybandi-Atashi S, HeydariMajd M, Salehi B, Kobarfard F. 2018.
Antibacterial activity of some Lamiaceae
species against Staphylococcus aureus in
yoghurt-based drink (Doogh). Cell Mol
Biol (Noisy-le-grand), 64: 71-77.
Adineh M. 2014. Evaluation of in vitro antitoxoplasma effects of Ziziphora Tenuior,
Zingiber officinale, Juglans regia, Melia
azedarach and Peganum harmala herbal
extracts (Doctoral dissertation, Qazvin
University Of Medical Sciences, Qazvin,
Iran).
Anzabi Y, Khaki A. 2016. Antibacterial
activity of Ziziphora tenuior L. extract and
essential oil against bacteria isolated from
urogenital tract infections. mljgoums, 10:
54-59.
Ahmadi Moghadam M, Shahraki M. 2015.
Comparison of nociceptive effect of
Ziziphora tenuior L. hydroalcoholic extract
and diclofenac using formaline test in male
rats. HMS, 20: 209-214.
Aliakbarlu J, Shameli F. 2013. In vitro
antioxidant and antibacterial properties and
total phenolic contents of essential oils
from Thymus vulgaris, T. kotschyanus,
Ziziphora tenuior and Z. clinopodioides.
Turk J Biochem, 38: 425-431.
Anderson IB, Mullen WH, Meeker
JE, Khojasteh-Bakht SC, Oishi S, Nelson
SD. 1996. Pennyroyal toxicity:
measurement of toxic metabolite levels in
two cases and review of the literature. Ann
Intern Med, 124: 726-734.
Arthur A, Savva GM, Barnes LE, BorjianBoroojeny A, Dening T, Jagger C. 2020.
Changing prevalence and treatment of
depression among older people over two
decades. BJP sych, 216: 49-54.
Azadmehr A, Latifi R, Mosalla S, Hajiaghaee
R, Shahnazi M. 2014. Immunomodulatory
effects of Ziziphora tenuior L. extract on
the dendritic cells. Daru, 22: 63.
Batooli H, Akhbari M, Hosseinizadeh SMJ.
2012. Effect of different distillation
methods on quantity and quality of essential
oil of two Ziziphora L. species. Int J Herb,
3: 135-146.
Case GL, He L, Mo H, Elson CE. 1995.
Induction of geranyl pyrophosphate
pyrophosphatase activity by cholesterol‐
suppressive isoprenoids. Lipids, 30: 357-
359.
Changizi-Ashtiyani S, Berenji S, Zarei A,
Ramezani M , Hosseini N. 2018. The
effects of the extract of Rosa canina L. On
lipid profile, liver and thyroid functions in
hypercholesterolemic rats. J Kerman Univ
Medical Sci, 25: 318-327.
Changizi-Ashtiyani S, Zarei A, Rezaei A.
2017. A quick review of the effects of
Chelidonium majus L and its active
components on health and disease
treatment. J. Kerman Univ Medical Sci, 24:
435-447.
Cho NH, Shaw JE, Karuranga S, Huang
Y, da Rocha Fernandes JD. 2018. IDF
diabetes atlas: Global estimates of diabetes
prevalence for 2017 and projections for
2045. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 138: 271-
281.
Dakah A, Zaid S, Suleiman M,
Abbas S, Wink M. 2014. In vitro
propagation of the medicinal plant
Ziziphora tenuior L. and evaluation of its
antioxidant activity. Saudi J Biol Sci, 21:
317-323.
De Sousa DP, Junior EV, Oliveira FS. 2007.
Antinociceptive activity of structural
analogues of rotundifolone: structureactivity relationship. Z Naturforsch C J
Biosci, 62: 39-42.
Dehkordi HS, Mobarakeh HI, Dehkordi MJ,
Khamesipour F. 2014. Studying the effect
of the Ziziphora tenuior L. plant on some
biochemical factors of serum in rats. Int J
Biol, 6: 131.
Elson C, Qureshi A. 1995. Coupling the
cholesterol and tumor suppressive actions
of palm oil to the impact of its minor
constituents on 3-hydroxy-3-
methylglutarylcoenzyme A reductase
activity. PLEFA, 52: 205-208.
Franks S. 1995. Polycystic ovary syndrome. N
Engl J Med, 333: 853-861.
The physiological and pharmacological effects of Ziziphoratenuior L.
AJP, Vol. 12, No. 1, Jan-Feb 2022 27
Ghafari H, Yasa N, Mohammadirad
A, Dehghan G, Zamani MJ, Nikfar
S. 2006. Protection by Ziziphora
clinopoides of acetic acid-induced toxic
bowel inflammation through reduction of
cellular lipid peroxidation and
myeloperoxidase activity. Hum Exp
Toxicol, 25: 325-32.
Gharetapeh HH, Maleki SA, Asgharpanah J.
2014. Antidepressant effects of Ziziphora
tenuiorL. hydroalcoholic extract in animal
models of depression. IJFAS, 3: 664-668.
Ghorbani Ranjbary A, Asmarian S, Ghorat F,
Jaberi N. 2016. Effect of hydroalcoholic
leaves extract of Ziziphora tenuior L. on
pain in male rats. JBCP shahed, 4: 17-22.
Hatari Z, Zamani Z, Nazeri V, Tabrizi L.
2013. Evaluation of genetic diversity in the
medicinal plant kakooti using
morphological characteristics and RAPD
markers. MGJ, 1: 19-28.
Hejazi SH, Said Abedi SM, Soleimanifard S.
2018. The study of the inhibitory effects of
aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Ziziphora
tenuior L. on the proliferation of
Leishmania major amastigotes. Iran J
Dermatol, 21: 71-76.
Jafari Sani M. 2019. Reduce the cadmiuminduced hepatotoxicity using hydroalcoholic extract of Ziziphoratenuior.
Journal of Knowledge and Health, 13: 55-
61.
Karimi I, Hayatgheybi H, Motamedi S, Naseri
D, Shamspur T. 2013. Chemical
composition and hypolipidemic effects of
an aromatic water of Ziziphora tenuior L. in
cholesterol-fed rabbits. JABS, 7: 61-67.
Kolangi F, Memariani Z, Gorji N. 2017. Herbs
from Iranian traditional medicine for
reinforcement of kidney and prevention of
renal atrophy. J Med Plants, 4: 21-31.
Kouhsari H, Ghaemi E, Sadegh Sheshpoli M,
Jahadi M. 2014. Antibacterial activity of
Trachyspermum copticum L. and ziziphora
tenuior L. from Azadshahr region in
golestan province. EJMP, 2: 49-56.
Lee KW, Everts H, Kappert H, Frehner
M, Losa R. 2003. Effects of dietary
essential oil components on growth
performance, digestive enzymes and lipid
metabolism in female broiler chickens. Br
Poult Sci, 44: 450-457.
Mahboubi M, Kazempour N, Hosseini H.
2012. Chemical composition, antimicrobial
activity of essential oil from Ziziphora
tenuir L. aerial parts. J Essent Oil Bear Pl,
15: 545-549.
Mahdavi S, Nobakht A. 2018. Evaluation of
the effect of thyme (Thymus vulgarisL) and
ziziphora (Ziziphora tenuiorL) essential oils
on intestine microflora of broilers. Vet Clin
Path, 11: 305-312.
Mehmood R, Imran M, Malik A. 2010.
Ziziphorins A and B new flavonoids from
Ziziphora tenuior. Z. Naturforsch, 65:
1397-1400.
Mohammad sadeghi H, Mansourabadi A,
Emami S. 2015. The effect of ziziphora
clinopodioides Lam hydroalcoholic extract
on active pancreatic beta cells count in
diabetic type 1 induced STZ mice. ijdld, 14:
373-378.
Mohammadi S, Mohammadi Mehdiabadi
Hassani MH. 2017. The effect of Ziziphora
tenuior L. hydro-alcoholicextract on learing
and spstial memory in Rat Model of
Alzheimer's Disease by intraventricular
injection of streptozotocin. Armaghan J, 22:
557-569.
Mousavi-Mobarake S, Rahnama M, Bigdeli
MR, Nasiri-Semnani S. 2013. Effect of
Ziziphora clinopodioides L. aqueous extract
on peptic ulcer induced by acetic acid in
rats. Horizon Med Sci, 19: 173-177.
Nabiuni M, Doostikhah S, Panahandeh SR,
Karimzadeh LH. 2015. Hydro-alcoholic
extract of Ziziphora tenuior L. on
polycystic ovary syndrome in wistar rats.
Tehran Univ Med J, 73: 324-333.
Naeini A, Khosravi A, Tadjbakhsh H,
Ghazanfari T, Yaraee R, Shokri H. 2010.
Evaluation of the immunostimulatory
activity of Ziziphora tenuior extracts. Comp
Clin Path, 19: 459-463.
Najafi F, Tavakkoli Z. 2011. Comparing
essential oil composition and antibacterial
effects of ziziphora tenuior L. in two
regions of Iran. IJMAP, 27: 239-248.
Nazemisalman B, Vahabi S, Yazdinejad A,
Haghghi F, Shabbuii Jam M. 2018.
Comparison of antimicrobial effect of
Ziziphora tenuior, Dracocephalum
moldavica, Ferula gummosa, and Prangos
ferulacea essential oil withchlorhexidine on
Enterococcus faecalis: An in vitro study.
Dent Res J, 15: 111-116.
Zamani N, Zamani W., Mirzaei K. 2016.
Genetic diversity analysis of Ziziphora
tenuior L. using SCoT markers. Iranian
Zarei et al.
AJP, Vol. 12, No. 1, Jan-Feb 2022 28
Journal of Rangelands Forests Plant
Breeding and Genetic Research, 24: 177-
188.
Pakniyat E, Mousavi M. 2014. Improvement
of GC-MS analysis of Shahrbabak
Ziziphora tenuior essential oil by using
multivariate curve resolution approaches. J
Chin Chem Soc-Taip, 61: 649-658.
Percival M. 1997. Choosing a probiotic
supplement. Clin Nutr Insights, 6: 1-4.
Rafati P. 2015. Study of tyrosinase enzyme
inhibitory effect of methanolic extract of
Ziziphora tenuir (Kakuti), Myrtus
communis (Myrtle), Salvia rhytidea
(Persian sage), Teucrium polium
(Germander) as suggested anti
pigmentation compounds. School of
Pharmacy, KMU, Kerman, Iran.
Rezaei A, Shekarforoush S, Changizi
Ashtiyani S. 2013. The effects of
Artemisiaaucheri extract on hepatotoxicity
induced by thioacetamide in male rats.
Avicenna J Phytomed, 3: 293-301.
Rostami A, Malaie S, Homaei HM. 2017.
Effect of drinking Ziziphora Tenuior on
total antioxidant capacity, total tiol and
malondiadehyde serum after one session
exercise inactive women. J Med Plants, 15:
134-140.
Sadeghi H, Mansourabadi AH, Emami S,
Nahvinejad MR. 2015. The effect of
Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam
hydroalcoholic extract of on active
pancreatic beta cells count in diabetic type
1 induced STZ mice. ijdld, 14: 373-378.
Godarzi M, Abbasi Maleki S, Mousavi Z,
Moradi Kor N. 2016. Morphine withdrawal
symptoms improvement by Ziziphora
tenuior L. ethanoic extract in male mice.
Koomesh J, 17: 990-995.
Salman BN, Yazdinejad A, Salah S. 2017.
Antifungal activity of essential oils of
Prangos frulacea, Ziziphora tenuior,
Ferula gummosa and Dracocephalum
moldavica against candida albicans. J
Qazvin Univ Med Sci, 21: 4-11.
Sezik E, Tümen G, Başer KHC. 1991.
Ziziphoratenuior L., a new source of
pulegone. Flavour Frag J, 6: 101-103.
Shahnazi M,
Azadmehr A, Latifi R, Hajiaghaee R, Sar
aei M. 2016a. In vitro protoscolicidal
effects of various concentrations of
Ziziphora tenuior L. extract at different
exposure times. Avicenna J Phytomed, 6:
376-382.
Shahnazi M, Azadmehr A, Andalibian A.
2016b. Protoscolicidal and
immunomodulatory activity of Ziziphora
tenuior extract and its fractions. Asian Pac J
Trop Med, 9: 1062-1068.
Shahnazi M, Azadmehr A, Andalibian A.
2017. Scolicidal and immunomodulatory
effects of Ziziphora tenuior extract and its
fractions. Iran J Parasitol, 13: 285.
Taheri S, Zarei A, Changizi-Ashtiyani S. 2012.
Evaluation of the effects of hydroalcoholic
extract of Berberis vulgaris root on the
activity of liver enzymes in male
hypercholesterolemic rats. Avicenna J
Phytomed, 2: 153-161.
Taleb A, Qannadi F, Changizi-Ashtiyani S,
Zarei A, Rezvanfar M, Akbari A. 2017. The
effect of aqueous extract thymus
kotschyanusboiss. Et hohen on glycemic
control/ and dyslipidemia associated with
type II diabetes: A randomized controlled
trial. IJEM, 19: 234-243.
Talebi SM, Ebrahimi J, Mansouri M. 2010.
The phenotypic plasticity in variant
population of Ziziphora tenuior l.
(labiatae). Plant And Ecosystem, 6: 3-17.
Tian S, Shi Y, Zhou X, Ge L. 2011. Total
polyphenolic (flavonoids) content and
antioxidant capacity of different Ziziphora
clinopodioides Lam. extracts. Pharmacogn
Mag, 7: 65-68.
Tomczyk M, Ceylan O, Locatelli M, Tartaglia
A. 2019. Ziziphora taurica subsp. taurica:
Analytical characterization and biological
activities. Biom, 9: 367-379.
Tschirch H. 2000. Use of natural plant extracts
as productive enhancers in modern animal
rearing practices. Zeszyty Naukowe
Akademii Rolniczej we Wroclawiu.
Konferencje (Poland).
Yazdi FT, Mortazavi SA, Koocheki A,
Afsharian S. 2013. Antimicrobial properties
of plant extracts of Thymus vulgaris L.,
Ziziphora tenuior L. and Menthaspicata L.,
against important foodborne pathogens in
vitro. Sci J Microbiol, 2: 23-30.
Yazdinezhad A, Abbasian M, Hojjat Hosseini
S. 2017. Protective effects of Ziziphora
tenuior extract against chlorpyrifos induced
liver and lung toxicity in rat: Mechanistic
approaches in subchronic study. Environ
Toxicol, 32: 2191-2202.
The physiological and pharmacological effects of Ziziphoratenuior L.
AJP, Vol. 12, No. 1, Jan-Feb 2022 29
Zarei A, Changizi-Ashtiyani S, Taheri S.
2015a. A quick overview on some aspects
of endocrinological and therapeutic effects
of Berberis vulgaris L. Avicenna J
Phytomed, 5: 485-497.
Zarei A, Vaezi G, Malekirad AA, Abdollahi
M. 2015b. Effects of ethanol extract of
Salvia hydrangea on hepatic and renal
functions of streptozotocin-induced diabetic
rats. Avicenna J Phytomed, 5: 138-147.
Zarei A, Vaezi G, Malekirad AA. 2015c.
Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities
of Salvia hydrangea in streptozotocininduced diabetes in rats. Iran J Basic Med
Sci, 18: 417-422.
Zarei G, Bariabarghuei H, Amini F. 2014.
Study of oil, protein and anthocyanin of
ziziphora tenuior in yazd. National
congress on medicinal plants.
Zendehdel M, Babapour V. 2010. Studyof
antinociceptive effects of ziziphora tenuior
and its interference on opioidergic and
serotoninergic systems. J Vet Res, 65: 57-
60.