The effect of hydro-alcoholic celery (Apium graveolens) leaf extract on cardiovascular parameters and lipid profile in animal model of hypertension induced by fructose

Dianat, Mahin; Veisi, Ali; Ahangarpour, Akram; Fathi Moghaddam, Hadi

doi:10.22038/ajp.2015.3839

The effect of hydro-alcoholic celery (Apium graveolens) leaf extract on cardiovascular parameters and lipid profile in animal model of hypertension induced by fructose

Document Type : Original Research Article

Authors

Physiology Research Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

10.22038/ajp.2015.3839

Abstract

Objectives:Hypertension is one of the most common diseases of the modern era. This study evaluates the effect of hydro-alcoholic celery leaf extract onsystolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate (HR) and lipid profile in animals’ model of hypertension induced by fructose.
Materials and Methods: Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups: 1) control group (free access to tap drinking water), 2) group receiving 200mg/kg celery leaf extract, 3) group receiving fructose 10%, and 4,5) receiving fructose and 100mg/kg or 200mg/kg of extract (n=8). In all groups, before and during the test period, SBP and HR were measured by Power lab system. Lipid profiles were determined by auto analysis. Repeated measurement and one way ANOVA were used for data analysis. PResults:The SBP in the fructose group significantly increased compared to control group (P<0.01). SBP, in groups receiving fructose+100mg/kg extract, fructose and receiving 200mg/kg extract, and receiving 200mg/kg of extract, compared to fructose group significantly decreased. Heart rate in any of these groups showed no significant difference. Cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and VLDL in the fructose group significantly increased; however, these effects significantly decreased in the recipient extract groups. HDL levels in the fructose group showed no difference while in the groups receiving the extract they significantly increased.
Conclusions: Celery leaf extract reduces SBP, cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and VLDL in animal model of fructose-induced hypertension. In conclusion, celery leaf extract with its blood pressure and lipid lowering effects, can be considered as an antihypertensive agent in chronic treatment of elevated SBP.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Physiology

References

Ayoka AO. 2005. Studies on the anxiolytic effect of spondiasmombin L. (anacardiaceae) extracts. Afr J Trad CAM, 2(2): 153-65.

Basciano H, Federico L, Adeli K. 2005. Fructose, insulin resistance, and metabolic dyslipidemia.Nutrition & metabolism, 2 (1): 5.

Bhanot S, McNeill JH, Bryer-Ash M. 1994 Mar. Vanadyl sulfate prevents fructose-induced hyperinsulinemia and hypertension in rats. Hypertension, 23(3): 308-12.

Chen CC, Chou FP, Ho YC, Lin WL, Wang CP, Kao ES, et al. 2004. Inhibitory effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa L extract on low-density lipoprotein oxidation and anti-hyperlipidemia in fructose-fed and cholesterol-fed rats. Journal of the science of food and agriculture, 84(15): 1989-96.

Dimo T, Rakotonirina SV, Tan PV, Azay J, Dongo E, Cros G. 2002 Dec. Leaf methanol extract of Bidenspilosa prevents and attenuates the hypertension induced by high-fructose diet in Wistar rats. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 83(3): 183-91.

Engelhard YN, Gazer B, Paran E. 2006 Jan. Natural antioxidants from tomato extract reduce blood pressure in patients with grade-1 hypertension: a double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. American heart journal, 151(1):100.

Hamza AA and Amin A. 2007. Apiumgraveolens modulates sodium valproate-induced reproductive toxicity in rats. J ExpZool Part AEcol Genet Physiol, 307 (4): 199-206.

HassanpourMoghadam M, ImenshahidiM, and Mohajeri SA.2013. Antihypertensive Effect of Celery Seed on Rat Blood Pressure in Chronic Administration.J Med Food,16 (6): 558–563.

Johnson RJ, Segal MS, Sautin Y, Nakagawa T, Feig DI, Kang D-H, et al.2007. Potential role of sugar (fructose) in the epidemic of hypertension, obesity and the metabolic syndrome, diabetes, kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 86(4): 899-906.

Kannappan S, Jayaraman T, Rajasekar P, Ravichandran MK, Anuradha CV. 2006 Oct. Cinnamon bark extract improves glucose metabolism and lipid profile in the fructose-fed rat. Singapore medical journal, 47(10): 858-63.

Kolarovic J, Popovic M, Mikov M, Mitic R, Gvozdenovic L. 2009. Protective effects of celery juice in treatments with doxorubicin.Molecules, 14(4): 1627-38.

Kolarovic J, Popovic M, Zlinska J, Trivic S, Vojnovic M. 2010 Sep. Antioxidant activities of celery and parsley juices in rats treated with doxorubicin. Molecules, 15(9): 6193-204.

Li P, Jia J, Zhang D, Xie J, Xu X, Wei D. 2014 Jan. In vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities of a flavonoid isolated from celery (Apiumgraveolens L. var. dulce). Food Funct, 5(1): 50-6.

Lugasi A, Hovari J. 2000. Flavonoid aglycons in foods of plant origin I. Vegetables. ActaAlimentaria, 29(4): 345-52.

Lugasi A, Hóvári J, Sági KV, Bíró L. 2003. The role of antioxidant phytonutrients in the prevention of diseases. Acta Biologica Szegediensis, 47(1-4):119-25.

Morimoto S, Cerbon MA, Alvarez-Alvarez A, Romero-Navarro G, Diaz-Sanchez V. 2001 May 18. Insulin gene expression pattern in rat pancreas during the estrous cycle.Life Sciences, 68(26): 2979-85.

Popovic M, Kaurinovic B, Trivic S, Mimica-Dukic N, Bursac M. 2006 Jul. Effect of celery (Apiumgraveolens) extracts on some biochemical parameters of oxidative stress in mice treated with carbon tetrachloride. Phytotherapy research: PTR, 20(7): 531-7.

Sanchez-Lozada LG, Tapia E, Jimenez A, Bautista P, Cristobal M, Nepomuceno T, et al. 2007 Jan. Fructose-induced metabolic syndrome is associated with glomerular hypertension and renal microvascular damage in rats. American journal of physiology renal physiology, 292(1): F423-9.

Saravanan R, Pari L. 2006 Dec. Effect of a novel insulinotropic agent, succinic acid monoethyl ester, on lipids and lipoproteins levels in rats with streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetes. Journal of Biosciences, 31(5): 581-7.

Shah S, Mohan M. M, Kasture S, Sanna C and Maxia A. 2009. Protective Effect of Ephedra nebrodensis on Doxorubicin- Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats. IJPT, 8(2): 66-61.

Shivashri C, Rajarajeshwari T, Rajasekar P. 2013 Jan. Hepatoprotective action of celery (Apiumgraveolens) leaves in acetaminophen-fed freshwater fish (Pangasiussutchi). Fish PhysioBiochem, 4.

Song D, Hutchings S, Pang CC. 2005. Chronic N-acetylcysteine prevents fructose-induced insulin resistance and hypertension in rats. Eur J Pharma, 508 (1): 205-10.

Stanhope KL, Havel PJ. 2010. Fructose consumption: recent results and their potential implications. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1190 (1): 15-24.

Suzuki M, Nomura C, Odaka H, Ikeda H. 1997. Effect of an insulin sensitizer, pioglitazone, on hypertension in fructose-drinking rats. Jap J Pharma, 74 (4): 297.

Tran LT, Yuen VG, McNeill JH. 2009 Dec. The fructose-fed rat: a review on the mechanisms of fructose-induced insulin resistance and hypertension. Molecular and cellular biochemistry, 332(1-2): 145-59.

Tsi D, Das NP, 1995 Feb. Tan BK. Effects of aqueous celery (Apiumgraveolens) extract on lipid parameters of rats fed a high fat diet. Planta medica, 61(1): 18-21.

Vaziri ND. 2008. Causal link between oxidative stress, inflammation, and hypertension. Iran J Kidney Dis, 2(1):1-10.