Effect of methanol leaf extract of Dalbergia saxatilis Hook.f (fabaceae) on renal function

Document Type : Short communication

Authors

1 Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

2 Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

3 Department of Pharmacology, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria

Abstract


Objective: Dalbegia saxatilis (D.saxatilis) is used as a decoction in traditional medicine for ailments such as cough, small pox, skin lesions, bronchial ailments and toothache. This study is aimed at evaluating the toxic effect of methanol leaf extract of D.saxatilis on renal function.

Materials and Methods: Wistar rats of both sexes were divided into four groups of five: control animals (group 1) received distilled water 1 ml/kg while groups 2, 3 and 4 were given graded doses of the extract (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight, respectively) daily for 28 days. Body weight changes were estimated by weighing the rats twice weekly using digital weighing balance. After 28 days, blood samples were obtained for evaluation of renal indices and the kidney was used for histopathology. Data were analysed using one–way and repeated measures ANOVA using SPSS version 20.

Results: Significant weight increase in all groups were observed (p<0.05). Significant reduction in electrolytes concentration was observed following treatment with extract (250 and 500 mg/kg) (p<0.05). Histopathological findings of the kidney revealed massive necrosis of the glomerulus with tubular distortion and lymphocyte hyperplasia at 250 and 500 mg/kg while intense glomerular and tubular necrosis was observed at 1000 mg/kg of the extract.

Conclusion: Since different doses of the extract caused reduction in electrolyte concentration and damage to the kidney it is suggested that prolonged administration of the extract is associated with increased risk of kidney toxicity.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Ballantyne B, Marrs TC, Turner P. 1993. Fundamentals of toxicology; in General and Applied Toxicology, B. Ballantyne, T. Marrs, and P. Turner, eds. pp. 3 – 38. New York, M. Stockton Press.
Briggs JP, Singh IIJ, Sawaya BE. 1996. Disorders of salt balance. In: Kokko J.P., Tannen R.L., eds. Fluids and Electrolytes. 3rd ed., pp. 3 – 62, Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders.
Goldstein R and Schnellman R. 1996. Toxic responses of the kidney;  in Casarett and Doull’s Toxicology: The BasicScience of Poisons, 5th ed., Klaassen C.D., ed., pp. 417–442, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Hall P and Cash J. 2012. What is the Real Function of the Liver ‘Function’ Tests? Ulster Med J, 81: 30-36
Halperin ML and Goldstein MB. 1994. Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Physiology: A Problem-Based Approach. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA, W.B. Saunders.
Koch SM and Taylor RW. 1992. Chloride ion in intensive care medicine. Crit Care Med, 20: 227-240.
Okigbo RN, Anuagasi CL, Amadi JE. 2009. Advances in selected medicinal and aromatic plants indigenous to Africa. J Med Plant Res, 3: 086-095.
Okwute SK, Onyia R, Anene C, Amodu OP. 2009. Protectant, insecticidal and antimicrobial potentials of Dalbergia saxatilisHook f. (fabaceae). Afr J Biotech, 8: 6556-6560.
Robinson S, Chapman K, Hudson S, Sparrow S, Spencer-Briggs D, Danks A, Hill R, Everett D, Mulier B, Old S, Bruce C. 2009. Guidance on dose level selection for regulatory general toxicology studies for pharmaceuticals. National center for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research Laboratory Animal Science Association (NC3Rs)/Laboratory Animal Science Association (LASA) [Last accedes on 2010 Dec 25]. Available from: http://www.nc3rs.org.uk/document.asp?id=1317 .
Saha S, Shilpi JA, Mondal H, Hossain F, Anisuzzman M, Hasan M and Cordell GA. 2013. Ethnomedicinal, phytochemical, and pharmacological profile of thegenus Dalbergia L. (Fabaceae). Phytopharmacology, 4: 91-346.
Sofidiya MO, Odukoya OA, Familoni OB, Inya-Agha SI. 2006. Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Some Nigerian Medicinal Plant Extracts. Pak J Biol Sci, 9, 1438-1441.
Uchendu CN. 2000. Biological Activity of Root Extracts from Dalbergia saxatilis. J Herbs Spices  Med Plants, 6: 96-97.
Uchendu CN. 2003. Inhibitory Role of Dalbergia saxatilis on β-adrenergic Actions of Salbutamol in Isolated Rat Uterine Strips. J Nat Remedies, 3: 138 – 142.
Yemitan KO and Adeyemi OO. 2003. Anxiolytic and Muscle-Relaxant Activities of Dalbergia saxatilis. West Afr J Pharmacol Drug Res, 19: 42-46.
Yemitan KO and Adeyemi OO. 2005. Protection against generalised seizured by Dalbergia saxatilis (Hook, F.) in the pentylenetetrazole and electroconvulsive models. West Afr J Pharmacol Drug Res, 21: 43-47.
Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine
Volume 6, Issue 6 - Serial Number 6
November and December 2016
Pages 592-596

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics