Anticonvulsant effect of Satureja hortensis L. aerial parts extracts in mice

Document Type : Original Research Article

Authors

1 School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

2 Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

3 Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

Abstract


Objective: Regarding the anticonvulsant effects of Satureja hortensis (S. hortensis) in Avicenna’s book: canon of medicine; the present study was undertaken to evaluate the anti- eplileptic effects of S. hortensis aqueous and ethanolic aerial part extracts. Furthermore, the mechanisms of their anticonvulsant activities were also evaluated.

Materials and Methods: Seizure was induced by Pentylentetrazol (PTZ) and MES (maximal electroshock) models. Mice were randomly divided into 8 groups; negative control (normal saline, 10ml/Kg), positive control (diazepam, 2 mg/kg), S. hortensis aqueous and ethanolic extracts (200, 400 and 600 mg/kg). In PTZ test, latency to the first minimal clonic seizure (MCS), latency to the first generalized tonic–clonic seizures (GTCS), the total duration of seizures and protection against mortality were evaluated. In MES test, the stretching length of extremities and protection against mortality were recorded.

Results: Aqueous and ethanolic extracts (400 and 600 mg/kg) significantly increased MCS and GTCS latencies in PTZ model. Three doses of the extracts decreased the total duration of seizure. These extracts did not show any protective effects on seizure induced by MES model. In PTZ model, flumazenil, an antagonist of benzodiazepine (BZD) site in the GABAA-BZD receptor complex and 7- nitroindazole (7- NI), a selective nNOS (neuronal nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor, reduced the prolongation of seizure latency.

Conclusion: S. hortensis showed anticonvulsant activity in PTZ model and this effect may be mediated, at least partly, through interacting with nitric oxide and GABAA-BZD receptor complex.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Aguiar C, Almeida A, Araujo P, Vasconcelos GS, Chaves EMC, Do vale OC.2012. Anticonvulsant effects of agomelatine in mice. Epilepsy Behav, 24: 324-328.
Asadi-Pooya A, Nikseresht A ,Yaghoubi E. 2012 Old Remedies for Epilepsy: Avicenna’s Medicine. Iran Red Crescent Med J, 14: 174-177.
Babbedge R, Bland-Ward P, Hart S, Moore PK. 1993. Inhibition of rat cerebellar nitric oxide synthase by 7-nitro indazole and related substituted indazoles. Br J Pharmacol, 110: 225-228.
Borowicz K.K, Luszczki J, Kleinrok Z, Czuczwar S.J. 2000. 7-Nitroindazole, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, enhances the anticonvulsive action of ethosuximide and clonazepamagainst pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsions, J Neural Transm, 101: 1117-1126.
Castel-Branco M, Alves G, Figueiredo I, Falcao A, Caramona MM. 2009. The maximal electroshock seizure (MES) model in the preclinical assessment of potential new antiepileptic drugs. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol,  31: 101-106.
Dastgheib M, Moezi L. 2014. Acute and chronic effects of agomelatine on intravenous penthylenetetrazol-induced seizure in mice and the probable role of nitric oxide. Eur J Pharmacol, 736: 10-15.
Dorman H, Hiltunen R. 2004. Fe (III) reductive and free radical-scavenging properties of summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) extract and sub-fractions. Food chem, 88: 193-199.
Engelborghs S, D’Hooge R , De Deyn P. 2000. Pathophysiology of epilepsy. Acta Neurol Belg, 100: 201-213.
Fathi A, Sahari M, Barzegar M. 2013. Antioxidant Activity of Satureja hortensis L. Essential Oil and its Application in Safflower Oil. J Med Plants, 12: 51-67.
Gorgich E, Komeili G, Zahra Z, Ebrahimi S. Comparing anticonvulsive effect of melissa officinalis` hydro-alcoholic extract and phenytoin in rat. J Health Scope 2012; 1: 44-48.
Hosseini A and Mirazi N. 2014. Acute administration of ginger (Zingiber nofficinale rhizomes) extract on timedintravenous pentylenetetrazol infusionseizure model in mice. Epilepsy Res, 108: 411-419.
Hosseinzadeh H, Karimi G R , Rakhshanizadeh M. 2004. Anticonvulsant effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Hypericum perforatum L. in mice. J Med Plants, 3: 23-30.
Hosseinzadeh H, Khosravan V. 2007. Anticonvulsant effects of aqueus and ethanolic extracts of Crocus sativus L. stigmas in mice. Arch Irn Med,  5: 44-47.
Hosseinzadeh H, Madanifard M. 2000. Anticonvulsant effects of Coriandrum sativum L. seeds extracts in mice. Arch Iranian Med, 3: 182-184.
Hosseinzadeh H, Parvardeh S. 2004. Anticonvulsant effects of thymoquinone, the major constituent of Nigella sativa seeds, in mice. Phytomedicine, 11: 56-64.
Hosseinzadeh H, Ramezani M, Shafaei H, Taghiabadi E. 2013. Anticonvulsant effect of berberis integerrima L. root extracts in mice. J Acupunct Meridian Stud, 6: 12-17.
Hosseinzadeh H, Sadeghnia H. 2007. Protective effect of safranal on pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in the rat: Involvement of GABAergic and opioids systems. Phytomedicine  , 14: 256-262.
Kamkar A, Tooryan F, Akhondzadeh Basti A, Misaghi  A,  Shariatifar N.2013. Chemical composition of summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) essential oil and comparison of antioxidant activity with aqueous and alcoholic extracts. J Vet Res, 68: 183-190.
Lucindo J, Quintans-Junior A G ,Guimaraes B E S. 2010. Carvacrol, borneol and citral reduce convulsant activity in rodents. African J Biotechnol,  9: 6566-6572.
Mahomed I M, Ojewole J A O. 2006. Anticonvulsant activity of Harpagophytum procumbens DC. [Pedaliaceae] secondary root aqueous extract in mice. Brain Res Bull, 69: 57-62.
Mihajilov-krstev T, Radnovia D, Kitic D, Stojanovic-Radic Z, Zlatkovic B. 2010. Antimicrobial activity of saturega hortensis L. essential oil against pathogenic microbial srtains. Arch Biol Sci; 62: 159-166.
Ojewole J. Anticonvulsant property of Sutherlandia frutescens R. BR. 2008. (variety Incana E. MEY.)[Fabaceae] shoot aqueous extract. Brain Res Bull, 75: 126-132.
Okoye T, Akah P A, Omeje EO, Okoye FBC,  Nworu CS. 2013.  Anticonvulsant effect of kaurenoic acid isolated from the root bark of Annona senegalensis. Pharmacol Biochem Behav, 109: 38-43.
Pahuja M, Mehla J, Kumar Gupta Y. 2012.Anticonvulsant and antioxidative activity of hydroalcoholic extract of tuber of Orchis mascula in pentylenetetrazole and maximal electroshock induced seizures in rats. Ethnopharmacol J, 142: 23-27.
Porter R J, Cereghino J J, Gladding G D, Hessie BJ, Kupferberg HJ, Scovile B. 1984. Antiepileptic drug development program. Cleveland Clin,  51: 293-305.
Porter R,  Meldrum B . 2001. Antiseizure Drugs. In: Katzung B, Basic and clinical pharmacology, p. 395, New York, Mc Graw Hill.
Ramezani M, Hosseinzadeh H ,Samizadeh S. 2004. Antinociceptive effects of Zataria multiflora Boiss fractions in mice. J Ethnopharmacol,  91: 167-170.
Sejima H, Ito M, Kishi K,  Tsuda H, Shiraishi H. 1997. Regional excitatory and inhibitory amino acid concentration in pentylenetetrazole kindling and kindled rat brain. Brain Develop, 19: 171-175.
Semnani M, Saeedi M, Mahdavi M.2007. Study and comparison of the antimicrobial activity of methanolic extracts of several species of Stachys and Phlomis. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, 57: 57-66.
Sowemimo A, Adio O, Fageyinbo S. 2012. Anticonvulsant activity of the methanolic extract of Justicia extensa T. Anders. Ethnopharmacol J  , 138: 679-699.
Ure J A , Perassolo M. 2000. Update on the pathophysiology of the epilepsies. J Neurol Sci  , 177: 1-17.
Yazdanparast R, Shahriyary L. 2012. Comparative effects of Artemisia dracunculus, Satureja hortensis and Origanum majorana on inhibition of blood platelet adhesion, aggregation and secretion. Vasc pharmacol 2008; 48:32-7.
Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine
Volume 6, Issue 3 - Serial Number 3
May and June 2016
Pages 305-312

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics