Aggarwal BB, Harikumar KB. 2009. Potential
therapeutic effects of curcumin, the antiinflammatory agent, against
neurodegenerative, cardiovascular,
pulmonary, metabolic, autoimmune and
neoplastic diseases. Int J Biochem Cell
Biol, 41: 40-59.
Ak T, Gülçin İ. 2008. Antioxidant and radical
scavenging properties of curcumin. Chem
Biol Interact, 174: 27-37.
Bradford PG. 2013. Curcumin and obesity.
Biofactors, 39: 78-87.
Cardoso BD, Rodrigues ARO, Almeida BG,
Amorim CO, Amaral VS, Castanheira E,
Coutinho PJ. 2020. Stealth
Magnetoliposomes based on calciumsubstituted magnesium ferrite nanoparticles
for curcumin transport and release. Int J
Mol Sci, 21: 3641.
Darroudi S, Fereydouni N, Tayefi M, Esmaily
H, Sadabadi F, Khashyarmanesh Z, Tayefi
B, Moalemzadeh Haghighi H, Timar A,
Mohammadpour AH, Gonoodi K, Ferns
GA, Hoseini SJ, Ghayour-Mobarhan M.
2019. Altered serum zinc and copper in
Iranian Adults who were of normal weight
but metabolically obese. Sci Rep, 9: 14874.
Deedwania P, Gupta R. 2006. Management
issues in the metabolic syndrome. J Assoc
Physicians India, 54: 797-810.
Ghazizadeh H, Kathryn Bohn M, YaghootiKhorasani M, Kamel Khodabandeh A,
Zare-Feyzabadi R, Timar A, MohammadiBajgiran M, Oladi MR, Rohban M,
Esmaily H, Ferns GA. 2021. Age‐and sex‐
specific reference intervals for superoxide
dismutase enzyme and several minerals in a
healthy adult cohort. J Clin Lab Anal, 35:
e23897.
Ghazizadeh H, Yaghooti‐Khorasani M,
Khodabandeh AK, Hasanzadeh E,
Sahranavard T, Banihashem‐Rad SH,
Timar A. 2021. Reference intervals for
routine biochemical markers and body
mass index: A study based on healthcare
center database in northeastern Iran.
IUBMB life, 73: 390-397.
Gu K, Li X, Xiang W, Jiang X. 2020. The
relationship between serum copper and
overweight/obesity: A meta-analysis. Biol
Trace Elem Res, 194: 336-347.
Gu K, Xiang W, Zhang Y, Sun K, Jiang X.
2019. The association between serum zinc
level and overweight/obesity: a metaanalysis. Eur J Nutr, 58: 2971-2982.
Guerrero-Romero F, Rodriguez-Moran M.
2002. Low serum magnesium levels and
metabolic syndrome. Acta diabetol, 39:
209-213.
Gupta SC, Patchva S, Aggarwal BB. 2013.
Therapeutic roles of curcumin: lessons
learned from clinical trials. AAPS J, 15:
195-218.
Hamasaki H, Kawashima Y, Yanai H. 2016.
Serum Zn/Cu ratio is associated with renal
function, glycemic control, and metabolic
parameters in Japanese patients with and
without type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional
study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 7: 147.
Herman M, Golasik M, Piekoszewski W,
Walas S, Napierala M, WyganowskaSwiatkowska M, Florek E. 2016. Essential
and toxic metals in oral fluid–a potential
role in the diagnosis of periodontal
diseases. Biol Trace Elem Res, 173: 275-
282.
Hewlings SJ, Kalman DS. 2017. Curcumin.a
review of its effects on human health.
Foods, 6: 92.
Hsu CH, Cheng AL. 2007. Clinical studies
with curcumin. Adv Exp Med Biol, 595:
471-480.
Javandoost A, Afshari A, Saberi-Karimian M,
Sahebkar A, Safarian, H, Moammeri M,
Pasdar A. 2018. The effects of curcumin
and a modified curcumin formulation on
serum cholesteryl ester transfer protein
concentrations in patients with metabolic
syndrome: A randomized, placebocontrolled clinical trial. Avicenna J
Phytomed, 8: 330-337.
Kumar P, Hamza N, Madhok B, De Alwis N,
Sharma M, Miras AD, Mahawar KK. 2016.
Copper deficiency after gastric bypass for
morbid obesity: a systematic review. Obes
Curcumin’s effect on serum Zn, Cu and Mg levels
AJP, Vol. 13, No. 3, May-Jun 2023 229
Surg, 26: 1335-1342.
Li S, Tan HY, Wang N, Zhang ZJ, Lao L,
Wong CW, Feng Y. 2015. The role of
oxidative stress and antioxidants in liver
diseases. Int J Mol Sci, 16: 26087-26124.
Manjunatha H, Srinivasan K. 2006. Protective
effect of dietary curcumin and capsaicin on
induced oxidation of low‐density
lipoprotein, iron‐induced hepatotoxicity
and carrageenan‐induced inflammation in
experimental rats. FEBS J, 273: 4528-4537.
Mohajer A, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Parizadeh
SMR, Tavallaie S, Rajabian M, Sahebka A.
2014. Effects of supplementation with
curcuminoids on serum copper and zinc
concentrations and superoxide dismutase
enzyme activity in obese subjects. Tace
Elem Electroly, 32: 16-21.
Mohammad CA. 2020. Efficacy of curcumin
gel on zinc, magnesium, copper, IL-1β, and
TNF-α in chronic periodontitis patients.
Biomed Res Int, 2020: 8850926.
Mohammadi A, Sahebkar A, Iranshahi M,
Amini M, Khojasteh R, Ghayour‐Mobarhan
M, Ferns GA. 2013. Effects of
supplementation with curcuminoids on
dyslipidemia in obese patients: a
randomized crossover trial. Phytother Res,
27: 374-379.
Norouzi S, Adulcikas J, Sohal SS, Myers S.
2017. Zinc transporters and insulin
resistance: therapeutic implications for type
2 diabetes and metabolic disease. J Biomed
Sci, 24: 87.
World Health Organization. 2000. Obesity:
preventing and managing the global
epidemic.
Panahi Y, Ahmadi Y, Teymouri M, Johnston
TP, Sahebkar A. 2018. Curcumin as a
potential candidate for treating
hyperlipidemia: a review of cellular and
metabolic mechanisms. J Cell Physiol, 233:
141-152.
Panahi Y, Saadat A, Beiraghdar F, Nouzari
SMH, Jalalian HR, Sahebkar A. 2014.
Antioxidant effects of bioavailabilityenhanced curcuminoids in patients with
solid tumors: A randomized double-blind
placebo-controlled trial. J Funct Foods, 6:
615-622.
Piuri G, Zocchi M, Della Porta M, Ficara V,
Manoni M, Zuccotti GV, Pinotti L, Maier
JA, Cazzola R. 2021. Magnesium in
obesity, metabolic syndrome, and Type 2
diabetes. Nutrients, 13: 320.
Pozza C, Isidori AM. 2018. What’s behind the
obesity epidemic. In Imaging in bariatric
surgery. Springer, pp. 1-8.
Rios-Lugo MJ, Madrigal-Arellano C, GaytánHernández D, Hernández-Mendoza H,
Romero-Guzmán ET. 2020a. Association
of serum zinc levels in overweight and
obesity. Biol Trace Elem Res, 198: 51-57.
Rios-Lugo MJ, Madrigal-Arellano C, GaytánHernández D, Hernández-Mendoza H,
Romero-Guzmán ET. 2020b. Association
of serum zinc levels in overweight and
obesity. Biol Trace Elem Res, 198: 51-57.
Saberi-Karimian M, Ghazizadeh H,
Mohammadzadeh E, Ferns GA, GhayourMobarhan M, Sahebkar A. 2021. Does
curcumin have an effect on sleep duration
in metabolic syndrome patients? Avicenna
J Phytomed, 11: 190-198.
Safarian H, Parizadeh SMR, Saberi-Karimain
M, Darroudi S, Javandoost A, Mohammadi
F, Moammeri M, Ferns GA, GhayourMobarhan M, Mohebati M. 2019. The
effect of curcumin on serum copper and
zinc and Zn/Cu ratio in individuals with
metabolic syndrome: a double-blind
clinical trial. J Diet Suppl, 16: 625-634.
Sahebkar A, Mohammadi A, Atabati A,
Rahiman S, Tavallaie S, Iranshahi M,
Akhlaghi S, Ferns GA, Ghayour‐Mobarhan
M. 2013. Curcuminoids modulate pro‐
oxidant–antioxidant balance but not the
immune response to heat shock protein 27
and oxidized LDL in obese individuals.
Phytother Res, 27: 1883-1888.
Sánchez Córdoba A, Rojas Moncada P,
Obregón BF, Carrasco Naranjo F, Inostroza
Escobar J, Codoceo J, Valencia A,
Papapietro K, Csendes A, Ruz M. 2016.
Micronutrient deficiencies in morbidly
obese women prior to bariatric surgery.
Obes Surg, 26: 361-368.
Shamnani G, Rukadikar CA, Gupta V, Singh
S, Tiwari S, Bhartiy SS, Sharma P. 2018.
Serum magnesium in relation with obesity.
Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol, 8: 1074-
1077.
Sharma RA, Steward WP, Gescher AJ. 2007.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
of curcumin. The molecular targets and
therapeutic uses of curcumin in health and
disease. Adv Exp Med Biol, 595: 453-470.
Tam M, Gomez S, Gonzalez-Gross M, Marcos
A. 2003. Possible roles of magnesium on
the immune system. Eur J Clin Nutr, 57:
Saberi-Karimian et al.
AJP, Vol. 13, No. 3, May-Jun 2023 230
1193-1197.
Trujillo J, Chirino YI, Molina-Jijón E,
Andérica-Romero AC, Tapia E, PedrazaChaverrí J. 2013. Renoprotective effect of
the antioxidant curcumin: Recent findings.
Redox Biol, 1: 448-456.
Yang H, Liu CN, Wolf RM, Ralle M, Dev S,
Pierson H, Askin F, Steele KE, Magnuson
TH, Schweitzer MA, Wong GW, Lutsenko
S. 2019. Obesity is associated with copper
elevation in serum and tissues.
Metallomics, 11: 1363-1371.
)