Ahn H, Han BC, Kim J, Kang SG, Kim PH,
Jang KH, So SH, Lee SH, Lee GS. 2019.
Nonsaponin fraction of Korean Red
Ginseng attenuates cytokine production via
inhibition of TLR4 expression. J Ginseng
Res, 43: 291-299.
Ahn JY, Song JY, Yun YS, Jeong G, Choi IS.
2006. Protection of Staphylococcus aureusinfected septic mice by suppression of early
acute inflammation and enhanced
antimicrobial activity by ginsan. FEMS
Microbiol Immunol, 46: 187-197.
Ahn JY, Choi IS, Shim JY, Yun EK, Yun YS,
Jeong G, Song JY. 2006. The
immunomodulator ginsan induces
resistance to experimental sepsis by
inhibiting Toll-like receptor-mediated
inflammatory signals. Eur J Immunol, 36:
37-45.
Allen DG, Dowling PM, Smith DA.
2005. Handbook of veterinary drugs.
LWW.
Araújo IR, Ferrari TCA, Teixeira-Carvalho A,
Campi-Azevedo AC, Rodrigues LV,
Guimaraes Junior MH, Barros TLS, Gelape
CL, Sousa GR, Nunes MCP. 2015.
Cytokine signature in infective
endocarditis. PLoS One, 10: e0133631.
Ashoori F, Fakdar M, Goli HR, Mirzaee F,
Faridnia R, Kalani H, Shahani S. 2020.
Antileishmanial and antibacterial activities
of the hydroalcoholic extract of Rhus
coriaria L. Ann Parasitol, 66: 157-163.
Bang CS, Hong SH, Suk KT, Kim JB, Han SH,
Sung H, Kim EJ, Kim MJ, Kim MY, Baik
SK, Kim DJ. 2014. Effects of Korean Red
Ginseng (Panax ginseng), urushiol (Rhus
vernicifera Stokes), and probiotics
(Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 and
Lactobacillus acidophilus R0052) on the
gut–liver axis of alcoholic liver disease. J
Ginseng Res, 38:167-172.
Bullard SA, McElwain A, Arias CR. 2011.
Scanning electron microscopy of
“saddleback” lesions associated with
experimental infections of Flavobacterium
columnare in channel catfish, Ictalurus
punctatus (Siluriformes: Ictaluridae), and
zebrafish, Danio rerio (Cypriniformes:
Cyprinidae). J World Aquac Soc, 42: 906-
913.
Choi YH, Kim SE, Huh J, Han YH, Lee MJ.
2012. Antibacterial and antioxidative
activity of roasted coffee and red ginseng
mixture extracts.
J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr, 41: 320-326.
Forbes BA, Sahm DF, Weissfeld AS.
2007. Diagnostic microbiology, pp. 288-
302, St Louis: Mosby.
Haddad F, Berry G, Doyle RL, Martineau P,
Leung TK, Racine N. 2007. Active
bacterial myocarditis: a case report and
review of the literature. J Heart Lung
Transplant, 26: 745-749.
Hill EE, Herijgers P, Herregods MC,
Peetermans WE. 2006. Evolving trends in
infective endocarditis. Clin Microbiol
Infect, 12: 5-12.
Hsu MF, Yu SH, Korivi M, Jean WH, Lee SD,
Huang CY, Liao YH, Lu J, Kuo CH. 2017.
Hormetic property of ginseng steroids on
anti-oxidant status against exercise
challenge in rat skeletal
muscle. Antioxidants (Basel), 6: 36.
Kachur K, Suntres ZE. 2016. The antimicrobial
properties of ginseng and ginseng
extracts. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther, 14:
81-94.
Jang MG, Ko HC, Kim SJ. 2018. Effect of Sasa
quelpaertensis Nakai extracts and its
constituent p-coumaric acid on the
Effect of Ginseng and Ampicillin on Listeria monocytogenes-induced endocarditis
AJP, Vol. 13, No. 2, Mar-Apr 2023 117
apoptosis of human cancer cell lines. Nat
Prod Sci, 24: 293-297.
Kim YR, Yang CS. 2018. Protective roles of
ginseng against bacterial infection. Microb
Cell, 5: 472-481.
Lee KA, Kim WJ, Kim HJ, Kim KT, Paik HD.
2013. Antibacterial activity of Ginseng
(Panax ginseng CA Meyer) stems–leaves
extract produced by subcritical water
extraction. Int J Food Sci Technol, 48: 947-
953.
Lim DS, Bae KG, Jung IS, Kim CH, Yun YS,
Song JY. 2002. Anti-septicaemic effect of
polysaccharide from Panax ginseng by
macrophage activation. J Infect, 45: 32-38.
Luo Y, Lee A, Shen H, Radice GL. 2003.
Altering tissue tropism of Listeria
monocytogenes by ectopically expressing
human E-cadherin in transgenic
mice. Microb Pathog, 35: 57-62.
Makaryus AN, Yang R, Cohen R, Rosman D,
Mangion J, Kort S. 2004. A rare case of
Listeria monocytogenes presenting as
prosthetic valve bacterial endocarditis and
aortic root abscess. Echocardiography, 21:
423-427.
Minato KI, Miyake Y, Fukumoto S, Yamamoto
K, Kato Y, Shimomura Y, Osawa T. 2003.
Lemon flavonoid, eriocitrin, suppresses
exercise-induced oxidative damage in rat
liver. Life Sci, 72: 1609-1616.
Mohajeri D, Monadi A, Mousavi G, Rezaei
Saber A. 2014. Cardioprotective effect of
resveratrol on isoproterenol-induced
experimental myocardial infarction in
rat. Vet Clin Pathol, 31: 537-548.
Nakaya TA, Kita M, Kuriyama H, Iwakura Y,
Imanishi J. 2004. Panax ginseng induces
production of proinflammatory cytokines
via toll-like receptor. J Interferon Cytokine
Res, 24: 93-100.
Özgenç O, Meltem A. 2016. The infectious
disease of the immunocompromised host
and the elderly: Listeriosis. Int J Immunol
Immunother, 3: 017.
Riaz M, Rahman NU, Zia-Ul-Haq M, Jaffar
HZ, Manea R. 2019. Ginseng: A dietary
supplement as immune-modulator in
various diseases. Trends Food Sci
Technol, 83: 12-30.
Sadraei H, Asghari G, Hekmatti AA. 2003.
Antispasmodic effect of three fractions of
hydroalcoholic extract of Pycnocycla
spinosa. J Ethnopharmacol, 86: 187-190.
Sarkar R, Mandal N. 2012. Hydroalcoholic
extracts of Indian medicinal plants can help
in amelioration from oxidative stress
through antioxidant properties. J
Complement Integr Med, 9: 7.
Song J, Xing Y, Chen X, Song Z, Teng X,
Wang M, Zheng Z, Hu S. 2014. Processing
of the explanted heart. N Am J Med Sci, 6:
613-617.
Sung WS, Lee DG. 2008. The combination
effect of Korean red ginseng saponins with
kanamycin and cefotaxime against
methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
aureus. Biol Pharm Bull, 31: 1614-1617.
Temple ME, Nahata MC. 2000. Treatment of
listeriosis. Ann Pharmacother, 34: 656-661.
Ukuku DO, Shelef LA. 1996. Bioluminescence
measurements of the antilisterial activity of
nisin: comparison with ampicillin and
streptomycin. J biolumin chemilumin, 11:
169-173.
Valckx WJ, Lutgens SP, Haerkens-Arends HE,
Barneveld PC, Beutler JJ, Hoogeveen EK.
2017. Listeria endocarditis: a diagnostic
challenge. J Investig Med High Impact
Case Rep, 5: 2324709617698995.
Valipour M, Johari H, Zolghadri Jahromi S,
Kargar H. 2014. Effect of hydro-alcoholic
extract of ginseng on cyclophosphamide
detoxification in liver tissue of adult
rats. Par J Med Sci, 12: 1-8