Abbas MA, Oriquat GA, Abbas MM, AlNajjar BO, Kandil YI. 2020.
Hypolipidaemic and insulin secretagogue
activities of (R)-(−)-Carvone. Malays J
Med Sci, 27: 39-52.
Alqathama A, Alluhiabi G, Baghdadi H,
Aljahani L, Khan O, Jabal S, Makkawi S,
Alhomoud F. 2020. Herbal medicine from
the perspective of type II diabetic patients
and physicians: what is the relationship?
BMC Complement Med Ther, 20: 65.
Attele AS, Zhou Y-P, Xie J-T, Wu JA, Zhang
L, Dey L, Pugh W, Rue PA, Polonsky
KS, Yuan C-S. 2002. Antidiabetic effects
of Panax ginseng berry extract and the
identification of an effective component.
Diabetes, 51: 1851-1858.
Banda M, Nyirenda J, Muzandu K, Sijumbila
G, Mudenda S. 2018. Antihyperglycemic
and antihyperlipidemic effects of aqueous
extracts of Lannea edulis in alloxaninduced diabetic rats. Front Pharmacol, 9:
1099.
Chang CL, Lin Y, Bartolome AP, Chen Y-C,
Chiu S-C, Yang W-C. 2013. Herbal
therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus:
chemistry, biology, and potential
application of selected plants and
compounds. Evid-based Complement
Altern Med, 2013: 378657.
Chatterjee S, Khunti K, Davies MJ. 2017.
Type 2 diabetes. The Lancet, 389: 2239-
2251.
Chung JK-O, Xue H, Pang EW-H, Tam DC-C.
2017. Accuracy of fasting plasma glucose
and hemoglobin A1c testing for the early
detection of diabetes: A pilot study.
Frontiers in Laboratory Medicine, 1: 76-
81.
Eguchi K, Fujiwara Y, Hayashida A, Horlad
H, Kato H, Rotinsulu H, Losung F,
Mangindaan RE, de Voogd NJ, Takeya
M. 2013. Manzamine A, a marine-derived
alkaloid, inhibits accumulation of
cholesterol ester in macrophages and
suppresses hyperlipidemia and
atherosclerosis in vivo. Bioorg Med
Chem, 21: 3831-3838.
Erdem SA, Nabavi SF, Orhan IE, Daglia M,
Izadi M, Nabavi SM. 2015. Blessings in
disguise: a review of phytochemical
composition and antimicrobial activity of
plants belonging to the genus Eryngium.
DARU J Pharm Sci, 23: 53.
Esmaeili S, Irani M, Moazzeni Zehan H,
Keramatian B, Tavakoli Harandi Z,
Hamzeloo-Moghadam M. 2016.
Cytotoxic activity of some ethnic
medicinal plants from southwest of Iran.
Res J Pharmacogn, 3: 43-47.
Ghorbani A. 2017. Mechanisms of antidiabetic
effects of flavonoid rutin. Biomed
Pharmacother, 96: 305-312.
Gonzalez-Burgos E, Gómez-Serranillos M.
2012. Terpene compounds in nature: a
review of their potential antioxidant
activity. Curr Med Chem, 19: 5319-5341.
Goto T, Takahashi N, Hirai S, Kawada T.
2010. Various terpenoids derived from
herbal and dietary plants function as
PPAR modulators and regulate
carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. PPAR
Res, 2010: 483958.
Griffin BR, Faubel S, Edelstein CL. 2019.
Biomarkers of drug-induced kidney
Effects of Eryngium billardieri in the treatment of type 2 diabetic patients
AJP, Vol. 13, No. 1, Jan-Feb 2023 43
toxicity. Ther Drug Monit, 41: 213-216.
Huang S, Czech MP. 2007. The GLUT4
glucose transporter. Cell Metab, 5: 237-
252.
Khani S, Abdollahi M, Asadi Z, Nazeri M,
Nasiri MA, Yusefi H, Moghadam A,
Heidari H. 2021. Hypoglycemic,
hepatoprotective, and hypolipidemic
effects of hydroalcoholic extract of
Eryngium billardieri root on
nicotinamide/streptozotocin-induced type
II diabetic rats. Res Pharm Sci, 16: 193-
202.
Kikowska M, Kalemba D, Dlugaszewska J,
Thiem B. 2020. Chemical composition of
essential oils from rare and endangered
species-Eryngium maritimum L. and E.
alpinum L. Plants, 9: 417.
Kosiński P, Sękiewicz K, Walas Ł, Boratyński
A, Dering M. 2019. Spatial genetic
structure of the endemic alpine plant Salix
serpillifolia: genetic swamping on
nunataks due to secondary colonization?
Alp Bot, 129: 107-121.
Kremer D, Zovko Končić M, Kosalec I, Košir
IJ, Potočnik T, Čerenak A, Srečec S,
Dunkić V, Vuko E. 2021. Phytochemical
traits and biological activity of eryngium
amethystinum and E. Alpinum (apiaceae).
Horticulturae, 7: 364.
Kunutsor SK, Abbasi A, Apekey TA. 2014.
Aspartate aminotransferase–risk marker
for type-2 diabetes mellitus or red
herring? Front Endocrinol, 5: 189.
Kuo Y-H, Lin C-H, Shih C-C, Yang C-S.
2016. Antcin K, a triterpenoid compound
from Antrodia camphorata, displays
antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic
effects via glucose transporter 4 and
AMP-activated protein kinase
phosphorylation in muscles. Evid-based
Complement Altern Med, 2016: 4867092.
Küpeli E, Kartal M, Aslan S, Yesilada E.
2006. Comparative evaluation of the antiinflammatory and antinociceptive activity
of Turkish Eryngium species. J
Ethnopharmacol, 107: 32-37.
Landoulsi A, Roumy V, Duhal N, Skhiri FH,
Rivière C, Sahpaz S, Neut C, Benhamida
J, Hennebelle T. 2016. Chemical
composition and antimicrobial activity of
the essential oil from aerial parts and
roots of Eryngium barrelieri Boiss. and
Eryngium glomeratum Lam. from
Tunisia. Chem Biodivers, 13: 1720-1729.
Leem J, Shim H-m, Cho H, Park J-H. 2018.
Octanoic acid potentiates glucosestimulated insulin secretion and
expression of glucokinase through the
olfactory receptor in pancreatic β-cells.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 503:
278-284.
Massada Y. 1976. Analysis of essential oil by
gas chromatography and spectrometry,
pp. 334, New York, John Wiley & Sons.
Moravej H, Salehi A, Razavi Z, Moein MR,
Etemadfard H, Karami F, Ghahremani F.
2016. Chemical composition and the
effect of walnut hydrosol on glycemic
control of patients with type 1 diabetes.
Int J Endocrinol Metab, 14: e34726.
Muruganathan U, Srinivasan S. 2016.
Beneficial effect of carvone, a dietary
monoterpene ameliorates hyperglycemia
by regulating the key enzymes activities
of carbohydrate metabolism in
streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Biomed Pharmacother, 84: 1558-1567.
Muruganathan U, Srinivasan S, Indumathi D.
2013. Antihyperglycemic effect of
carvone: Effect on the levels of
glycoprotein components in
streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J
Acute Dis, 2: 310-315.
Nie J-P, Qu Z-N, Chen Y, Chen J-H, Jiang Y,
Jin M-N, Yu Y, Niu W-Y, Duan H-Q,
Qin N. 2020. Discovery and anti-diabetic
effects of novel isoxazole based flavonoid
derivatives. Fitoterapia, 142: 104499.
Oyedemi S, Bradley G, Afolayan A. 2012.
Antidiabetic activities of aqueous stem
bark extract of Strychnoshenningsii Gilg
in streptozotocin-nicotinamide type 2
diabetic rats. Iran. J Pharm Sci, 11: 221-
228.
Rabiee G, Abedi B, Fatolahi H. 2017. The
Effect of “Eryngium billardieri”
supplementation on acute glycemic
response, ketoacidosis and lipid profile in
diabetic men after one bout Incremental
Exercise. Research on Biosciences and
Physical Actiuity, 4: 53-61.
Ranasinghe P, Jayawardana R, Galappaththy
P, Constantine G, de Vas Gunawardana
N, Katulanda P. 2012. Efficacy and safety
of „true‟cinnamon (Cinnamomum
zeylanicum) as a pharmaceutical agent in
diabetes: a systematic review and meta‐
analysis. Diabet Med, 29: 1480-1492.
Roshanravan N, Asgharian P, Dariushnejad H,
Hamami Chamgordani et al.
AJP, Vol. 13, No. 1, Jan-Feb 2023 44
Alamdari NM, Mansoori B, Mohammadi
A, Alipour S, Barati M, Ghavami A,
Ghorbanzadeh V. 2018. Eryngium
billardieri induces apoptosis via bax gene
expression in pancreatic cancer cells. Adv
Pharm Bull, 8: 667-674.
Saeedi P, Petersohn I, Salpea P, Malanda B,
Karuranga S, Unwin N, Colagiuri S,
Guariguata L, Motala AA, Ogurtsova K.
2019. Global and regional diabetes
prevalence estimates for 2019 and
projections for 2030 and 2045: results
from the international diabetes federation
diabetes atlas. Diabetes Res Clin Pract,
157: 107843.
Saravanan S, Pari L. 2015. Role of thymol on
hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in
high fat diet-induced type 2 diabetic
C57BL/6J mice. Eur J Pharmacol, 761:
279-287.
Sefidkon F, Dabiri M, Alamshahi A. 2004.
Chemical composition of the essential oil
of Eryngium billardieri F. Delaroche from
Iran. J Essent Oil Res, 16: 42-43.
Sysak A, Obmińska-Mrukowicz B. 2017.
Isoxazole ring as a useful scaffold in a
search for new therapeutic agents. Eur J
Med Chem, 137: 292-309.
Tenenbaum A, Motro M, Fisman EZ. 2005.
Dual and pan-peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptors (PPAR) co-agonism:
the bezafibrate lessons. Cardiovasc
Diabetol, 4: 14.
Tofighi Z, Asgharian P, Goodarzi S,
Hadjiakhoondi A, Ostad SN, Yassa N.
2014. Potent cytotoxic flavonoids from
Iranian Securigera securidaca. Med Chem
Res, 23: 1718-1724.
Wadkar K, Magdum C, Patil S, Naikwade N.
2008. Antidiabetic potential and Indian
medicinal plants. J Herb Med Toxicol, 2:
45-50.
Wexler D, Grant R, Wittenberg E, Bosch J,
Cagliero E, Delahanty L, Blais M, Meigs
J. 2006. Correlates of health-related
quality of life in type 2 diabetes.
Diabetologia, 49: 1489-1497.
WHO, 2019. WHO global report on traditional
and complementary medicine 2019,
World Health Organization.
Yalcin BM, Karahan TF, Ozcelik M, Igde FA.
2008. The effects of an emotional
intelligence program on the quality of life
and well-being of patients with type 2
diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Educ,
34:1013-1024.
Yesilada E, Tanaka S, Tabata M, Sezik E.
1989. The antiinflammatory activity of
the fractions from Eryngium billardieri in
mice. Phytother Res, 3: 38-40.
Zarei A, Ashtiyani SC, Hamidizadeh S, Rezaei
A. 2015. The study of the effects hydroalcoholic extract of Eryngium billardieri
on lipid profiles levels and liver and renal
functions tests in hypercholesterolemic
rats. Global J Pharmacol, 9: 21-27.
Zhang T, Chen P, Stanley CA, Hoshi T, Li C.
2019. Mechanisms of octanoic acid
potentiation of insulin secretion in
isolated islets. Islets, 11: 77-88.
Zheng Y, Ley SH, Hu FB. 2018. Global
aetiology and epidemiology of type 2
diabetes mellitus and its complications.
Nat Rev Endocrinol, 14: 88-98.
)