<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
			<journal>
			<title>Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine</title>
			<title_fa></title_fa>
			<short_title></short_title>
			<subject>Medical Sciences</subject>
			<web_url>https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/</web_url>
			<journal_hbi_system_id>0</journal_hbi_system_id>
			<journal_hbi_system_user></journal_hbi_system_user>
			<journal_id_issn>2228-7930</journal_id_issn>
			<journal_id_issn_online>2228-7949</journal_id_issn_online>
			<journal_id_pii></journal_id_pii>
			<journal_id_doi></journal_id_doi>
			<journal_id_iranmedex></journal_id_iranmedex>
			<journal_id_magiran></journal_id_magiran>
			<journal_id_sid></journal_id_sid>
			<journal_id_nlai></journal_id_nlai>
			<journal_id_science></journal_id_science>
			<language>en</language>
			<pubdate>
				<type>jalali</type>
				<year></year>
				<month></month>
				<day>1</day>
			</pubdate>
			<pubdate>
				<type>gregorian</type>
				<year></year>
				<month></month>
				<day>1</day>
			</pubdate>
			<volume></volume>
			<number></number>
			<publish_type>online</publish_type>
			<publish_edition>1</publish_edition>
			<article_type>fulltext</article_type>
			<articleset><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>Enhanced bioavailability and cytotoxicity of disodium crocetinate over crocin in HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells: evidence from bioinformatics and experiments</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Original Research Article</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Objective: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a highly aggressive malignancy. This study directly compared the effects of crocin and disodium crocetinate (DSC) on human CRC HCT-116 cells.
Materials and methods: Crocin was converted to water-soluble DSC using alkali-catalyzed hydrolysis. Cells were treated with varying concentrations of crocin or DSC to assess viability. SYBR green quantitative real-time RT-PCR analyzed transcriptional modulation of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9). Molecular docking with MOE software investigated binding modes of crocin and crocetin to the ETS translocation variant 4 (ETV4) protein.
Results: DSC induced a substantially stronger cytotoxic response than crocin, achieving an IC₅₀ of 0.4 mM. In contrast, crocin did not reach 50% growth inhibition within the tested range, resulting in a non-experimentally measurable IC₅₀ estimate of 3.3 mM. DSC treatment led to markedly greater downregulation of both MMP2 and MMP9 compared to crocin, consistent with prior work linking crocetin to inhibition of MAPK, NF-κB, and PI3K/Akt axes upstream of MMP transcription. Docking analysis revealed that crocetin physicochemical profile is vastly more aligned with ETV4 modulation.
Conclusion: Collectively, DSC constitutes a more potent inhibitor of CRC growth and metastatic potential than crocin, offering a mechanistically substantiated candidate for future preclinical evaluation. Crocin and crocetin act through ETV4 as a novel therapeutic target in the MAPK pathway.]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Colorectal Neoplasms Crocin Crocetin Disodium crocetinate MMPs ETV4 HCT, 116 cells</keyword>
				<start_page>0</start_page>
				<end_page>0</end_page>
				<web_url>https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_27944.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Mahmoud</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Hassanpour</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>mahmoudhp20@iran.ir</email>
				<code>122862</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Mehran</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Ghaemi</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>m.ghaemi@um.ac.ir</email>
				<code>122863</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Mahmoud</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Aminlari</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>amini.ma4@gmail.com</email>
				<code>122864</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Mohammad Reza</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Saberi</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>saberimr@mums.ac.ir</email>
				<code>122865</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Salman</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>AbdolahRamazani</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>ramazanisa@mums.ac.ir</email>
				<code>122866</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article>
			</articleset>
			</journal>