ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Smooth muscle relaxant activity of Crocus sativus (saffron) and its constituents: possible mechanisms
We praise the article by Mokhtari-Zaer et al. (2015) published in the Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine on the effects of saffron on smooth muscle activity (Mokhtari-Zaer et al., 2015). It was a well-designed and interesting study on the therapeutic properties of Crocus sativus which is a precious plant cultivated in our country. We do believe that along with all other medicinal effects, saffron or its active constituents, primarily crocin and crocetin, could also have some clinical implications in the gynecology field. Historically and particularly in traditional Persian medicine, saffron has been regarded as an abortifacient agent (Hosseinzadeh and Nassiri-Asl, 2013; Schmidt et al., 2007). Farmer women exposed to saffron had increased rates of miscarriage (Ajam et al., 2014). This could be due to the fact that saffron stimulates uterine contractions. However, in Table 1 of the article by Mokhtari-Zaer et al. (2015), a relaxant effect of saffron on uterine contraction was mentioned (Mokhtari-Zaer et al., 2015). Concerning various components of saffron including crocin, picrocrocin, crocetin, and safranal, each could have different actions on muscular tissue. As an antispasmodic, saffron is used for stomach pain by helping digestion and improving appetite. It also reduces tension and alleviates symptoms of premenstrual syndrome and renal colic (Agha-Hosseini et al., 2008; Moshiri et al., 2006; Kashani et al., 2018). In one study, the impact of saffron on cervical ripening in term pregnant women was evaluated for the first time in the form of a clinical trial (Sadi et al., 2016). They concluded that saffron could induce cervical priming which is a perquisite for vaginal delivery by improving the bishop score. Cervical ripening caused by prostaglandins such as misoprostol or prostaglandin E1 is associated with simultaneous increase in uterine muscle contractility which is apparently in contrast with the effects of saffron as a relaxing agent (Vahdat et al., 2015). In a study by Sadraei et al, the effects of Crocus sativus extracts on uterus contractions were assessed in vitro. Following removal of the uteri of rats, spontaneous rhythmic contractions were induced using potassium chloride (KCL). According to their results, Crocus sativus increased these contractions and showed spasmodic action on muscle fibers (Sadraei et al., 2003). Likewise, in other studies, saffron had stimulatory effects on uterus as a result of myogenic and neurogenic actions resulting in prolonged bleeding, premature birth and abortion (Tafazoli et al., 2004; Modaghegh et al., 2008). This stimulatory effect of saffron on uterine musculature, however, is sometimes desirable in obstetrics to enhance the process of labor and also in gynecology for facilitating the surgical procedures on the uterus (Sadi et al., 2016; Vahdat et al., 2015). Thus, the exact mechanism of action of saffron derivatives on uterus and cervix has not been fully elucidated yet. In all the studies mentioned, the effects of the plant extract were assessed without purifying or differentiating its different elements which could have different or even opposing actions. With the availability of saffron tablets in Iran which mainly consists of crocin, with the brand name of Krocina, we believe that it would be much easier to assess the impact of this particular component of saffron on uterine or cervical tissue to clarify the exact mechanisms underlying abortion or induction of labor. In the end, we congratulate Mokhtari-Zaer et al on their article and we appreciate the Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine editorial board for their judicious concern on this topic. We hope to read well-controlled randomized clinical trials regarding the beneficiary effects of saffron in future
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_11481_500b0eaaeec6735971785758f613e329.pdf
2018-11-01
475
477
10.22038/ajp.2018.11481
Saffron
Crocus sativus
muscle fibers
Uterus
cervical tissue
Mansoureh
Gorginzadeh
mansourehgorginzadeh@gmail.com
1
Endometriosis and Gynecologic Disorders Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rasoul-e-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences
AUTHOR
Mansoureh
Vahdat
mansoureh_vahdat@yahoo.com
2
Endometriosis Research Center, Hazrat-e-Rasool Hospital,Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Toxicological profile of the aqueous-fermented extract of Musa paradisiaca in rats
Objective: This study was conducted to assess the toxicity profile of the aqueous-fermented extract of Musa paradisiaca in rats. Materials and Methods: In acute toxicity test, the rats of different groups were orally administered with a single dose of 500, 1000, 2000 and 5000 mg/kg of fermented extract of M. paradisiaca. The rats were monitored for behavioral changes, toxicity signs and mortality. In sub-acute test, the rats were orally administered with fermented M. paradisiaca extract (200, 400 and 800 mg/kg/day) for 14 days. Haematological and serum biochemical parameters were evaluated and histopathological studies of the liver and kidney were done. The study was performed from June to July 2017. Results: Concerning the acute toxicity, no toxicity signs or death were recorded and an LD50 value of >5 g/kg for fermented extract of M. paradisiaca was observed. Regarding the sub-acute toxicity, ingestion of the fermented extract of M. paradisiacacaused no significant effects (p<0.05) in terms of relative organ weight, body weight percentage, haemoglobin, red blood cells count, electrolytes levels, lymphocytes count, basophils count, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels. However, significant differences (p<0.05) were observed in white blood cells, eosinophils, platelets, neutrophils and monocytes counts, and urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. The histological assessments of the liver and kidney showed normal results. Conclusion: The findings of this study has suggested that daily administration of fermented extract of M. paradisiaca at doses up to 800 mg/kg for 14 days, is not toxic and may be considered safe for therapeutic uses.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_10791_21ddd167b864afaed94bbde4a332e6f9.pdf
2018-11-01
478
487
10.22038/ajp.2018.27453.1982
Musa paradisiaca
acute toxicity
Sub-acute toxicity
Haematology
lipid profile
Histopathology
Eziuche
Ugbogu
amasryal@yahoo.com
1
Department of Biochemistry Abia State University, PMB 2000, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria
AUTHOR
Victor
Chibueze Ude
victor_chibueze@yahoo.co.uk
2
Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine Enugu State University of Science and Technology, PMB 01660, Enugu-Nigeria
LEAD_AUTHOR
Iheanyichukwu
Elekwa
drifyelekwa@yahoo.com
3
Department of Biochemistry Abia State University, PMB 2000, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria
AUTHOR
Uche
Arunsi
venniabia@gmail.com
4
Department of Biochemistry Abia State University, PMB 2000, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria
AUTHOR
Chikezie
Uche-Ikonne
ikonnechike@gmail.com
5
Federal Medical Centre Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria
AUTHOR
Chinedu
Nwakanma
nedizzle@gmail.com
6
Department of Biochemistry Abia State University, PMB 2000, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria
AUTHOR
Adamson RH. 2016. The acute lethal dose 50 (LD50) of caffeine in albino rats. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol, 80: 274-276.
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Protective effect of Rheum turkestanicum root against mercuric chloride-induced hepatorenal toxicity in rats
Objective: The present study was designed to investigate the protective effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Rheum turkestanicum against HgCl2 hepatorenal toxicity in rats. Materials and Methods: Animals were randomly divided into five groups (n= 6 in each group) and received HgCl2 and plant’s extract, intraperitoneally. Group1 received saline (1 mL/kg/day), group 2 received extract (200 mg/kg/day), group 3 was treated with HgCl2 (5 mg/kg/day,) and groups 4 and 5 received the extract (100 and 200 mg/kg/day, respectively), 1 hr before HgCl2 administration. All injections last for 3 days. Blood samples and specimens of the liver and kidney were collected 24 hr after the last injection. Results: Data showed that HgCl2 significantly increases liver malondialdehyde (MDA) level, reduces total sulfhydryl content and increases serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity, compared to control group. The histopathological changes such as inflammatory cells infiltration was observed in HgCl2-treated group while plant’s extract partially improved histological changes. The extract (100 and 200 mg/kg/day) improved the liver functions as reflected by significant reductions in AST and ALT levels in serum, MDA decreased and the content of total sulfhydryl elevated. Also, the extract improved necrosis and atrophy of the kidney induced byHgCl2. Pretreatment with the extract reduced creatinine and urea in serum, and glucose and protein concentrations in urine, compared to HgCl2- treated group (group III). The extract significantly reversed HgCl2-induced depletion in thiol content and elevation in MDA content. Conclusion: Therefore, oxidative stress may play an important role in HgCl2-induced hepatorenal injury and R. turkestanicum extract may be regarded as a useful to protect the kidney and liver against HgCl2-induced oxidative damage.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_10981_671143c6308c1a59650efd4f8658dd05.pdf
2018-11-01
488
497
10.22038/ajp.2018.29651.2034
HgCl2
Oxidative stress
Rheum turkestanicum, Lipid peroxidation
Azar
Hosseini
hoseiniaz@mums.ac.ir
1
Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Arezoo
Rajabian
rajabiana901@mums.ac.ir
2
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Sahar
Fanoudi
fanoudis921@mums.ac.ir
3
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehdi
Farzadnia
farzadniam@mums.ac.ir
4
Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Taher
Boroushaki
boroushakimt@mums.ac.ir
5
Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Adeneye A and Olagunju J. 2008. Protective effect of oral ascorbic acid against acetaminophen induced-hepatic injury in rats. Afr J Biomed Res, 11: 183 -190.
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46
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47
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Efficacy of Nigella sativa seeds oil in patients with Behcet’s disease: a double-blind randomized controlled trial
Objective: Nigella sativa (NS) is a herbal medicine with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant functions. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of oral administration of NS seeds oil on the treatment of Behcet’s disease (BD). Materials and methods:In this double-blind randomized controlled study, 130 patients with BD were screened and 71 patients with BD were randomly allocated to the treatment (n=37) and control (n=34) groups. Finally, 32 and 30 patients in the treatment and control groups, respectively, completed the study.The study protocol was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) with registration No. IRCT201511086975N5. Treatment and control groups received soft gels containing 1000 mg NS oil or 1000 mg placebo per day for 12 months, respectively. Disease activity using the Iranian Behcet’s disease dynamic activity measure (IBDDAM), total inflammatory activity index (TIAI) and Behcet’s disease current activity form (BDCAF) were evaluated in all patients before initiation of the trial and every 2 months, for 12 months. Results: Disease activity decreased in the study groups; difference between the two groups was not significant. No serious adverse events were seen in the treatment and control groups. Conclusion: NS oil at the dose of 1000 mg/day is not effective in controlling BD activity.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_11101_316ca3981cf66d99194f6c78545b6189.pdf
2018-11-01
498
503
10.22038/ajp.2018.11101
Behcet's disease
Nigella Sativa
Iranian Behcet’s disease dynamic activity measure (IBDDAM)
Behcet’s disease current activity form (BDCAF)
Hadiseh
Kavandi
hadiskavandi74@gmail.com
1
Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehrzad
Hajialilo
hajialilo@gmail.com
2
Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Alireza
Khabbazi
dr_khabbazi@yahoo.com
3
Connective Tissue Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abdali S. 2009. Topical Nigella Sativa in the treatment of oro-genital ulceration in Behcet's disease, MDJ. 6: 366-370.
1
Alipour S, Nouri M, Sakhinia E, Samadi N, Roshanravan N, Ghavami A, Khabbazi A. 2017. Epigenetic alterations in chronic disease focusing on Behcet’s disease: Review. Biomed Pharmacother, 91: 526-533.
2
Bhakta B, Brennan P, James T, Chamberlain M, Noble B, Silman A. 1999. Behcet’s disease: evaluation of a new instrument to measure clinical activity. Rheumatology, 38: 728–733.
3
Budancamanak M, Kanter M, Demirel A, Ocakci A, Uysal H, Karakaya C. 2006. Protective effects of thymoquinone and methotrexate on the renal injury incollagen-induced arthritis. Arch Toxicol, 80: 768–776.
4
Davatchi F, Akbarian M, Shahram F, Tebbi M, Chams C, Chams H. 1991. Iran Behcet’s disease dynamic activity measure. Abstracts of the XIIth European congress of rheumatology. Hungarian Rheumatol, 134 (abstract FP10–100).
5
Davatchi F, Jamshidi AR, Tehrani Bani-Hashemi A, Gholami J, Forouzanfar MH, Moradi M, Akhlaghi M, khabbazi A, Salari AH, Salessi M, Karimifar M, Essalat-manesh K, Hadj-aliloo M, Arabzadeh B, Alipour B, Shahram F and Nadji A. 2007. Prevalence of Behcet’s disease in Iran: a WHOILAR COPCORD stage I study. APLAR J Rheumatol, 10: 239–243.
6
Dehghanzadeh R, Babaloo Z, Sakhinia E, Khabazi A, Shanehbandi D, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Gharibi T. 2016. IL-27 Gene Polymorphisms in Iranian Patients with Behcet’s Disease. Clin Lab, 62: 855-861.
7
De Smet MD, Dayan M. 2000. Prospective determination of T-cell responses to S-antigen in Behcet’s disease patients and controls. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 41: 3480–3484.
8
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9
Esmaeili M, Bonyadi M, Khabbazi A, Ebrahimi AA, Sharif SK, Hajialilo M, Kolahi S, Dastgiri S. 2011. Common MEFV mutations in Iranian Azeri Turkish patients with Behcet’s disease. Scand J Rheumatol, 40: 383-386.
10
Fortune F, Walker J, Lehner T. 1990. The expression of γδ T cell receptor and prevalence of primed, activated and IgA-bound T cells in Behcet’s syndrome. Clin Exp Immunol, 82: 326-332.
11
Gheita TA, Kenawy SA. 2012. Effectiveness of Nigella sativa Oil in the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: A Placebo Controlled Study. Phytother Res, 26: 1246-1248.
12
Hadi V, Kheirouri S, Alizadeh M, Khabbazi A, Hosseini H. 2016. Effects of Nigella sativa oil extract on inflammatory cytokine response and oxidative stress status in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Avicenna J Phytomed, 6: 34-43.
13
International Team for the Revision of the International Criteria for Behcet’s Disease (ITR-ICBD). 2014. The International Criteria for Behcet’s Disease (ICBD): a collaborative study of 27 countries on the sensitivity and specificity of the new criteria. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 28: 338–347.
14
Khabbazi A, Noshad H, Shayan FK, Kavandi H, Hajialiloo M, Kolahi S. 2014. Demographic and clinical features of Behcet’s disease in Azerbaijan. Int J Rheum, Epub ahead of print.
15
Khabbazi A, Rashtchizadeh N, Ghorbanihaghjo A, Hajialiloo M, Ghojazadeh M, Taei R, Kolahi S. 2014. The status of serum vitamin D in patients with active Behcet’s disease compared with controls. Int J Rheum Dis, 17: 430-434.
16
Kheirouri S, Hadi V. 2016. Immunomodulatory Effect of Nigella sativa Oil on T Lymphocytes in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Immunol Invest. 45: 271-283.
17
Kolahi S, Khabbazi A, Khodadadi H, Estiar MA, Hajialiloo M, Emrahi L, Sakhinia E. 2015. Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms in Iranian patients with Bechet disease. Scand J Rheumatol, 44: 163-167.
18
Köse K, Doğan P, Aşçioğlu M, Erkiliç K, Aşçioğlu O. 1995. Oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses in plasma of patients with Behcet’s disease. Tohoku J Exp Med, 176: 239-248.
19
Mahr A, Belarbi L, Wechsler B, Jeanneret D, Dhote R, Fain O, Lhote F, Ramanoelina J, Coste J, Guillevin L. 2008. Population based prevalence study of Behcet’s disease. Differences by ethnic origin and low variation by age at immigration. Arthritis Rheum, 58: 3951–3959.
20
Mazzoccoli G, Matarangolo A, Rubino R, Inglese M, De Cata A. 2016. Behcet’s syndrome: from pathogenesis to novel therapies. Clin Exp Med, 16: 1-12.
21
Sara Darakhshana, Ali Bidmeshki Poura, Abasalt Hosseinzadeh Colagar, Sajjad Sisakhtnezhad. 2015. Thymoquinone and its therapeutic potentials. Pharmacol Res, 96: 138-158
22
Sayed-Ahmed MM, Aleisa AM, Al-Rejaie SS, Al-Yahya AA, Al-Shabanah OA, Hafez MM, Nagi MN. 2010. Thymoquinone attenuates diethylnitrosamine induction of hepatic carcinogenesis through antioxidant signaling. Oxid Med Cell Longev, 3: 254–261
23
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24
Shahram F, Khabbazi A, Nadji A, Ziaie N, Banihashemi AT, Davatchi F. 2009. Comparison of existing disease activity indices in the follow-up of patients with Behcet’s disease. Mod Rheumatol, 19: 536–541.
25
Suzuki Y, Hoshi K, Matsuda T, Mizushima Y. 2004. Increased peripheral blood γδ T cells and natural killer cells in Behcet’s disease. J Rheumatol, 19: 588-592.
26
Yamamoto JH, Minami M, Inaba G, Masuda K, Mochizuki M. 1993. Cellular autoimmunity to retinal specific antigens in patients with Behcet’s disease. Br J Ophthalmol, 77: 584 –589.
27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evolvulus alsinoides methanolic extract triggers apoptosis in HepG2 cells
Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the cytotoxic potentials of Evolvulus alsinoides in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Materials and Methods: HepG2 cells were treated with methanolic extract of E. alsinoides at 20, 40 and 80 µg/ml for 24 hr and cytotoxic effect was analyzed by MTT assay. The apoptosis rate was investigated by Hoechst 33342 and annexin V/propidium iodide staining. Mitochondrial membrane potential was evaluated by rhodamine staining. Also, the expression of catenin – β 1 protein was analyzed by western blotting. Results: E. alsinoides methanolic extract treatment caused significant cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner.Dual staining assayconfirmed the presence of early and late apoptotic cells only in extract-treated groups. Plant extract treatment also caused nuclear fragmentation and chromatin condensation in HepG2 cells. Mitochondrial membrane potential also reduced upon E. alsinoides treatments.This treatment also modulated the catenin – β 1 protein expression. Conclusion:In this study, we demonstrated theproapoptotic potential E. alsinoides in HepG2 cells; thus, this plant may be beneficial in the treatment of liver cancer.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_11285_974bd05433edb442ffcac51278b29472.pdf
2018-11-01
504
512
10.22038/ajp.2018.11285
Apoptosis
Dual staining
Cytotoxicity
Proliferation
Catenin – β 1
Induja
MP
drdezhil@gmail.com
1
Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
AUTHOR
Ezhilarasan
Devaraj
ezhild@gmail.com
2
Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ashok Vardhan
Nandigam
ashokbiochemists@gmail.com
3
Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Centre, Saveetha Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India – 600 077
AUTHOR
Agrawal S. 2016. Looking Beyond Sorafenib to Treat Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Clin Exp Hepatol, 6:339-342.
1
Arora A, Kumar A. 2014. Treatment Response Evaluation and Follow-up in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Clin Exp Hepatol, 4:S126-129.
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Baecker A, Liu X, La Vecchia C, Zhang ZF. 2018. Worldwide incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma cases attributable to major risk factors. Eur J Cancer Prev, 27:205-212.
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Baskić D, Popović S, Ristić P, Arsenijević NN. 2006. Analysis of cycloheximide-induced apoptosis in human leukocytes: fluorescence microscopy using annexin V/propidium iodide versus acridin orange/ethidium bromide. Cell Biol Int, 30:924-932.
4
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5
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6
Efferth T, Saeed MEM, Mirghani E, Alim A, Yassin Z, Saeed E, Khalid HE, Daak S. 2017.Integration of phytochemicals and phytotherapy into cancer precision medicine. Oncotarget, 8:50284-50304.
7
Ezhilarasan D. 2018. Herbal Therapy for Cancer. In: Prakash Srinivasan Timiri Shanmugam, editor. Understanding Cancer Therapies, CRC Press, pp.129-166.
8
Ezhilarasan D, Evraerts J, Sid B, Calderon PB, Karthikeyan S, Sokal E, Najimi M. 2017. Silibinin induces hepatic stellate cell cycle arrest via enhancing p53/p27 and inhibiting Akt downstream signaling protein expression. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int, 16:80-87.
9
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10
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Gomathi D, Kalaiselvi M, Ravikumar G, Devaki K, Uma C. 2015. GC-MS analysis of bioactive compounds from the whole plant ethanolic extract of Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L. J Food Sci Technol, 52:1212-1217.
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Gomathi D, Ravikumar G, Kalaiselvi M, Devaki K, Uma C. 2013. Efficacy of Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L. on insulin and antioxidants activity in pancreas of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. J Diabetes Metab Disord, 12:39.
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Gomathi D, Ravikumar G, Kalaiselvi M, Devaki K, Uma C. 2014. Antioxidant activity and functional group analysis of Evolvulus alsinoides. Chin J Nat Med, 12:827-832.
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Kumar M, Ahmad A, Rawat P, Khan MF, Rasheed N, Gupta P, Sathiamoorthy B, Bhatia G, Palit G, Maurya R. 2010. Antioxidant flavonoid glycosides from Evolvulus alsinoides. Fitoterapia, 81:234-242.
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Naikawadi VB, Ahire ML, Lahiri A, Nikam TD. 2016. In vitro propagation and cell cultures of memory tonic herb Evolvulus alsinoides: a best source for elicited production of scopoletin. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 100:3463-3476.
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Salhab M, Canelo R. 2011. An overview of evidence-based management of hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis. J Cancer Res Ther, 7:463-475.
25
Sharma S, Shrivastava N. 2016. Internal transcribed spacer guided multiplex PCR for species identification of Convolvulus prostratus and Evolvulus alsinoides. Acta Pharm Sin B, 6:253-258.
26
Singh T, Sharma SD, Katiyar SK. 2011. Grape proanthocyanidins induce apoptosis by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential of human non-small cell lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One, 6:e27444.
27
Thakur R, Mishra DP. 2013. Pharmacological modulation of beta-catenin and its applications in cancer therapy. J Cell Mol Med, 17:449-456.
28
Thandassery RB, Goenka U, Goenka MK. 2014. Role of local ablative therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Clin Exp Hepatol, 4:S104-111.
29
Tsai CH, Tzeng SF, Hsieh SC, Yang YC, Hsiao YW, Tsai MH, Hsiao P. 2017. A standardized herbal extract mitigates tumor inflammation and augments chemotherapy effect of docetaxel in prostate cancer. Sci Rep, 7:15624.
30
Wang CZ, Calway TD, Wen XD, Smith J, Yu C, Wang Y, Mehendale SR, Yuan CS. 2013.Hydrophobic flavonoids from Scutellaria baicalensis induce colorectal cancer cell apoptosis through a mitochondrial-mediated pathway. Int J Oncol, 42:1018-1026.
31
Wang Z, Zhang H, Hou J, Niu J, Ma Z, Zhao H, Liu C. 2015. Clinical implications of β-catenin protein expression in breast cancer. Int J Clin Exp Pathol, 8:14989-14994.
32
Woo SM, Lee KM, Lee GR, Park JY, Lee HJ, Bahn HJ, Yoon HS, Kim JY, Shin YC, Cho SG, Ko SG. 2018.Novel herbal medicine LA16001 ameliorates cisplatin-induced anorexia. Mol Med Rep, 17:2665-2672.
33
Yaffe PB, Doucette CD, Walsh M, Hoskin DW. 2013. Piperine impairs cell cycle progression and causes reactive oxygen species-dependent apoptosis in rectal cancer cells. Exp Mol Pathol, 94:109-114.
34
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35
Prevention of apoptosis by Bcl-2: release of cytochrome c from mitochondria blocked. Science, 275:1129-1132.
36
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37
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38
Zhang Y, Qi Y, Zhao Y, Sun H, Ge J, Liu Z. 2018. Activin A induces apoptosis of mouse myeloma cells via the mitochondrial pathway. Oncol Lett, 15:2590-2594.
39
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Saffron (Crocus sativus) versus duloxetine for treatment of patients with fibromyalgia: A randomized double-blind clinical trial
Objective: Saffron was found efficient and safe in treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders, in particular depression. We compared the efficacy of saffron with duloxetine in treatment of patients with fibromyalgia. Materials and Methods: In this double-blind parallel-group clinical trial, outpatients with fibromyalgia were randomized to receive either saffron 15 mg or duloxetine 30 mg starting with 1 capsule per day in the first week followed by 2 capsules per day from week 2 until the end of week 8. Participants were men and women aged 18-60 years diagnosed with fibromyalgia based on the American College of Rheumatology 2010 criteria who also had a pain score ≥40 based on visual analogue scale. Participants were excluded in case they had rheumatologic diseases, inflammatory/infectious/autoimmune arthritis, comorbid neuropsychiatric disorders except depressive disorders, pain due to traumatic injuries, drug history of duloxetine or saffron use, current use of psychoactive medications, recent use of muscle relaxants, steroids, opioid analgesics, benzodiazepines, anti-epileptics, or injective analgesics. Primary outcomes included differences in mean score changes from baseline to endpoint between the treatment arms for Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, and Brief Pain Inventory. Results: Socio-demographic characteristics and baseline scores were similarly distributed between the two treatment arms (2n=46). No significant difference was detected for any of the scales neither in terms of score changes from baseline to endpoint between the two treatment arms (Mean score changes: -4.26 to 2.37; p-values: 0.182-0.900) nor in terms of time´treatment interactions (p-values: 0.209-0.964). Conclusions: Saffron and duloxetine demonstrated comparable efficacy in treatment of fibromyalgia symptoms.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_11287_ecaf075d58aa1d59198fd28767531c0c.pdf
2018-11-01
513
523
10.22038/ajp.2018.28835.2020
Crocus sativus
Depression
Duloxetine
Fibromyalgia
Saffron
Mansoor
Shakiba
dr.mansoorshakiba2006@gmail.com
1
Psychosomatic Research Center, Imam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Ehsan
Moazenzadeh
moazenzadeh.ehsan@gmail.com
2
Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Ahmad Ali
Noorbala
noorbala1@gmail.com
3
Psychosomatic Research Center, Imam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Morteza
Jafarinia
mortjn@yahoo.com
4
Psychosomatic Research Center, Imam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Parisa
Divsalar
pdivsalar@yahoo.com
5
Psychosomatic Research Center, Imam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Ladan
Kashani
kashani_ladan@tums.ac.ir
6
Infertility Ward, Arash Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Nazila
Shahmansouri
n.shahmansouri@gmail.com
7
Psychosomatic Research Center, Imam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Abbas
Tafakhori
abbas.tafakhori@gmail.com
8
Neurology Ward, Imam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Hannaneh
Bayat
hanabayat@gmail.com
9
Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Shahin
Akhondzadeh
s.akhond@neda.net
10
Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ablin JN, Häuser W. 2016. Fibromyalgia syndrome: novel therapeutic targets. Pain Manag, 6: 371-381.
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20
Häuser W, Petzke F, Sommer C. 2010. Comparative efficacy and harms of duloxetine, milnacipran, and pregabalin in fibromyalgia syndrome. J Pain, 11: 505-521.
21
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22
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23
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24
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Kashani L, Raisi F, Saroukhani S, Sohrabi H, Modabbernia A, Nasehi AA, Jamshidi A, Ashrafi M, Mansouri P, Ghaeli P, Akhondzadeh S. 2013. Saffron for treatment of fluoxetine‐induced sexual dysfunction in women: randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled study. Hum Psychopharmacol, 28: 54-60.
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Kashani L, Eslatmanesh S, Saedi N, Niroomand N, Ebrahimi M, Hosseinian M, Foroughifar T, Salimi S, Akhondzadeh S. 2017. Comparison of Saffron versus Fluoxetine in Treatment of Mild to Moderate Postpartum Depression: A Double-Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial. Pharmacopsychiatry, 50: 64-68.
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56
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57
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of leishmanicidal effect of Euphorbia petiolata extract by in vivo anti-leishmanial assay using promastigotes of Leishmania major
Objective: The extract of different species of Euphorbia has been successfully used as a remedy for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro leishmanicidal effect of Euphorbia petiolata (E. petiolata) extract. Materials and Methods: Ethanolic percolated and methanolic Soxhlet extract of E. petiolata on promastigotes of L. major at different concentrations of extracts, one positive control group and one negative control group as well as 1 solvent control were prepared and placed in 24-well plates that contained 40,000 parasites/well. Afterwards, plates were incubated at 25 ˚C for six days and number of parasites in each well were determined on days 2, 4 and 6 of the experiment. Results: Both percolated and Soxhlet extracts in methanol and DMSO solvents had significant effects (equal to that of amphotericin B) on promastigote form of parasite at the concentration of 1 mg/ml. At lower concentrations, the extracts of E. petiolata had favorable leishmanicidal activity and killed L. major promastigotes dose-dependently. Conclusion: Our results support the possibility of E. petiolata extracts application as an anti-leishmanial agent with similar effects to amphotericin B.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_11350_0166b1271e11d6492d4cede68dc40926.pdf
2018-11-01
524
532
10.22038/ajp.2018.11350
Leishmaniasis
Soxhlet extracts
Euphorbia petiolate
Promastigotes
Reza
Kazemi Oskuee
oskueekr@mums.ac.ir
1
Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahmoud Reza
Jafari
jafarimr@mums.ac.ir
2
Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahdi
Moghaddasi
oskuee@yahoo.com
3
School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
mahdi
rivandi
rivandim912@mums.ac.ir
4
Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
fahimeh
Afzal Javan
afzaljf911@mums.ac.ir
5
Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
mohammad
mohajeri
mohajerimh2@mums.ac.ir
6
Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Ramezani
ramezanim@mums.ac.ir
7
Pharmaceutical Research Centers, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ahmed S, Hasan MM, Ahmed SW. 2014. Natural antiemetics: An overview. Pak J Pharm Sci, 27:1583-1598.
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47
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Arbutin attenuates behavioral impairment and oxidative stress in an animal model of Parkinson's disease
Objective: Arbutin has been shown to have antioxidant and free-radical scavenging properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of arbutin administration on behavioral impairment, and oxidative and nitrosative stress in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)-induced animal model of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Materials and Methods: PD model was developed by 4 intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of MPTP (20 mg/kg) with 2 h intervals in mice. Experimental groups received once daily injection of saline as vehicle (control group) or arbutin (50 mg/kg, i.p.) one week before MPTP injections and this protocol was continued seven days post lesion. Behavioral deficits were evaluated using locomotion test, hanging wire test and forepaw stride length. Parameters indicating the oxidation levels including lipid peroxidation marker (TBARS), nitrite, protein carbonyl levels and antioxidant activity including ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were assessed in serum and midbrain samples. Results: Treatment with arbutin improved motor functions in an MPTP-induced PD model compared to control group (p<0.001). Mice treated with MPTP showed reduced levels of FRAP (p<0.001) and increased levels of TBARS (p<0.001), nitrite (p<0.001) and protein carbonyl (p<0.01), compared to the control group. In contrast to the MPTP group, arbutin treatment decreased the levels of TBARS (p<0.05), nitrite (p<0.05), protein carbonyl (p<0.05), and increased FRAP levels (p<0.05) in mice with PD. Conclusion: These findings suggest that arbutin attenuates the behavioral impairment and oxidative stress in a PD animal model.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_11510_460777637cffbd88ddaa93c0abda31a3.pdf
2018-11-01
533
542
10.22038/ajp.2018.11510
Arbutin
Parkinson’s disease
Behavioral impairment
Oxidative stress
Nitrosative stress
Masoumeh
Dadgar
dadgarm@gmail.com
1
Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahdi
Pouramir
pouramirmahdi96@gmail.com
2
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Zohreh
Dastan
dastan@gmail.com
3
Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
AUTHOR
Maryam
Ghasemi-Kasman
maryam.ghasemi65@gmail.com
4
Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
AUTHOR
Manouchehr
Ashrafpour
ashrafpourm96@gmail.com
5
Neuroscience Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali Akbar
Moghadamnia
moghadamnia90@gmail.com
6
Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
AUTHOR
Soraya
Khafri
khafri@gmail.com
7
Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohsen
Pourghasem
pourghasemm@gmail.com
8
Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
AUTHOR
Benzie IF, Strain JJ. 1996. The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of “antioxidant power”: the FRAP assay. Anal Biochem, 239: 70-76.
1
Berlett BS, Stadtman ER. 1997. Protein oxidation in aging, disease, and oxidative stress. J Biol Chem, 272: 20313-20316.
2
Betarbet R, Sherer TB, Greenamyre JT. 2002. Animal models of Parkinson's disease. Bioessays, 24: 308-318.
3
Carmen P, Vlase L, Tamas M. 2009. Natural resources containing arbutin. Determination of arbutin in the leaves of Bergenia crassifolia (L.) Fritsch. acclimated in Romania. Not Bot Horti Agrobo Cluj-Napoca, 37: 129-132.
4
Dalle-Donne I, Giustarini D, Colombo R, Rossi R, Milzani A. 2003. Protein carbonylation model of Parkinson's disease. J Bioenerg Biomembr, 36: 375-379.
5
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Topical application of Cassia fistula L. fruit gel in management of cutaneous lesions of pemphigus vulgaris: A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Objective: Cassia fistula L. fruit extract has been traditionally used in the treatment of pemphigus vulgaris (PV) lesions in Iran. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of C. fistula fruit gel on healing time of PV lesions in a clinical setting.Materials and Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial that was performed in dermatology ward at Saadi hospital, affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Right- or left- sided lesions of PV patients on standard systemic treatment were randomized for treatment with either C. fistula fruit gel or placebo prescribed twice daily. The largest diameter of each lesion was measured at the baseline (day 0) and on days 10 and 20. Epithelialization Index (EI), as outcome measure was calculated and compared between the two groups.Results: The present study comprised 20 patients, with overall 82 cutaneous lesions including 41 lesions in the C. fistula fruit gel group and 41 lesions in the placebo group. The EI in the C. fistula fruit gel group was significantly higher than that of the placebo group both on day 10 (65±28vs 30±34; p=0.001) and at the end of the study (91±22 vs 69±49; p=0.003). Conclusion: Topical application of C. fistula fruit gel can be considered as an effective adjuvant therapy in treatment of PV.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_11515_86dcf1a661d2d7be2fa50941b6a64498.pdf
2018-11-01
543
551
10.22038/ajp.2018.11515
Cassia fistula L
Pemphigus vulgaris
Traditional Persian Medicine
Topical therapy
Fatemh
Atarzadeh
dr.atarzadeh@gmail.com
1
Department of Traditional Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Department of Traditional Iranian Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Kamalinejad
mkamalinejad@yahoo.com
2
School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Gholam
Amin
amin@tums.ac.ir
3
Department of Pharmacognosy and Department of Traditional Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Salehi
salehialireza45@yahoo.com
4
Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Ladan
dastgheib
dastghl@sums.ac.ir
5
Shiraz Molecular Dermatology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Amir
Jaladat
drjaladat@gmail.com
6
Department of Traditional Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
AUTHOR
Mojtaba
Heydari
meshkat_114@yahoo.com
7
Department of Traditional Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
AUTHOR
Zahra
Gouyandeh
maryam_jouyandeh3030@yahoo.com
8
Shiraz Molecular Dermatology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
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