ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Capparis spinosa reduces Doxorubicin-induced cardio-toxicity in cardiomyoblast cells
Objective: Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective anticancer drug but its clinical application is limited because it induces apoptosis in cardiomyocytes and leads to permanent degenerative cardiomyopathy and heart failure possibly due to oxidative stress. Recent studies showed that Capparis spinosa (C. spinose)exhibits potent antioxidant activity. So, in this study, we explored the protective effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of C. spinosa against DOX-induced cytotoxicity in H9c2 cells. Materials and Methods: Cell viability was quantified by MTT assay. Apoptotic cells were determined using flow cytometry (sub-G1 peak) evaluation of DNA fragmentation following PI staining. Cells were cultured with 5 μM DOX for 24 hr to induce cell damage. H9c2 cells were pretreated with different concentrations (6-200 μg/ml) of C. spinosa extract for 4 hr before DOX treatment in all trials. Results: Pretreatment with 25, 50, 100 and 200 µg/ml of C. spinosa could increase the viability of H9C2 cells to 72.63 ± 2.8% (p< 0.05), 77.37 ± 1.8% (p< 0.05), 83.56 ± 2.6% (p< 0.001) and 90.9 ± 0.5% (p< 0.001) of control, respectively. Also, C. spinosa decreased apoptotic induction significantly, at the doses of 50 µg/ml (p<0.05), 100 µg/ml (p<0.01) and 200 µg/ml (p<0.001) Conclusion: Our results showed that C. spinosa could exert cardioprotective effects against DOX-induced toxicity that might be mediated via its antioxidant activity.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_6207_5919754ede89b380c54dcd95dff9ab9f.pdf
2016-09-01
489
494
10.22038/ajp.2016.6207
Capparis spinosa
H9C2 cells
Doxorubicin
Apoptosis
Seyed Hadi
Mousavi
mousavish@mums.ac.ir
1
Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Azar
Hosseini
hoseiniaz@mums.ac.ir
2
Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Elham
Bakhtiari
bakhtiarie901@mums.ac.ir
3
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Hassan
Rakhshandeh
rakhshandehh@mums.ac.ir
4
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Aghel N, Rashidi I, Mombeini A. 2007. Hepatoprotective activity of Capparis spinosa root bark against CCl4 induced hepatic damage in mice. Iranian J Pharm Res, 4: 285-90.
1
Al-Assady AAB. 2007. Cytotoxic and cytogenetic effect of Capparis spinosa extract on tumor cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Ph.D. thesis. College of Education. University Of Duhok.Duhok,Iraq.
2
Argentieri M, Macchia F, Papadia P, Fanizzi FP, Avato P. 2012. Bioactive compounds from Capparis spinosa subsp. Rupestris. Ind Crop Prod, 36: 65–69.
3
Bakhtiari E, Hosseini A, Mousavi SH.2015. Protective effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa against serum/glucosedeprivation-induced PC12 cells injury. Avicenna J Phytomed, 5: 231-237.
4
Boga C, Forlani L, Calienni R. 2011. On the antibacterial activity of roots of Capparis spinosa L. Nat Prod Res, 4: 417-21.
5
Bryant J, Picot J, Levitt G, Sullivan I, Baxter L, Clegg A. 2007. Cardioprotection against the toxic effects of anthracyclines given to children with cancer: a systematic review. Health Technol Assess, 11:1-84.
6
Eddouks M, Lemhadri A, Michel J B. 2004. Caraway and caper:Potential anti-hyperglycaemic plants in diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol, 94: 143–148.
7
Eddouks M, Lemhadri A, Michel JB. 2005.Hypolipidemic activity of aqueous extract of Capparis spinosa L. in normal and diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol, 98: 345–350.
8
Feng X, Lu J, Xin H, Zhang L, Wang Y, Tang K. 2011. Anti-arthritic active fraction of Capparis spinosa L. fruits and its chemical constituents. YakugakuZasshi J Pharmaceut Soc Japan, 131:423–429.
9
Hosseini A, Ghorbani A, Sadeghnia HR, Rajabian A and Rakhshandeh H. 2014. Potentiating effects of Lactuca serriola on pentobarbital-induced sleep. Res Opin Anim Vet Sci, 4: 601-07.
10
Hosseini A, Shafiee-Nick R, Mousavi SH. 2014. Combination of Nigella sativa with Glycyrrhiza glabra and Zingiber officinale augments their protective effects on doxorubicin-induced toxicity in h9c2 cells. Iran J Basic Med Sci, 17: 993-1000.
11
Huseini HF, Hasani-Rnjbar S, Nayebi N. 2013. Capparis spinosa L. (Caper) fruit extract in treatment of type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Complement Ther Med, 5: 447-52.
12
Issac Abraham SV,Palani A, Ramaswamy BR. 2011. Antiquorum sensing and antibiofilm potential of Capparis spinosa. Arch Med Res, 8: 658-68.
13
Kang YJ, Chen Y, Epstein PN. 1996. Suppression of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity by overexpression of catalase in the heart of transgenic mice. J Biol Chem, 271: 12610-12616.
14
Lam SK, Han QFand Ng TB. 2009. Isolation and characterization of a lectin with potentially exploitable activities from caper (Capparis spinosa) seeds. J Art, 29:293-299.
15
Lemhadri A, Eddouks M, Sulpice T, Burcelin R. 2007. Anti-hyperglycaemic and anti-obesity effects of Capparis spinosa and Chamaemelumnobile aqueous extracts in HFD mice. Am J Pharmacol Toxicol, 2: 106-110.
16
Li H, Horke S, Forstermann U. 2013. Oxidative stress in vascular disease and its pharmacological prevention. Trends in Pharmacol Sci, 34: 313-319.
17
Panico AM , Cardileb T V, Garufia F, Pugliaa C, Bonina F, Ronsisvalle G. 2005. Protective effect of Capparis spinosa on chondrocytes Life Sciences, 77: 2479–2488.
18
Rashedi H, Amiri H, Gharezi A.2015.Assessment of phytochemical and antioxidant properties of the Capparis spinosa L. in Khuzestan province. J Qazvin Univ Med Sci, 18: 11-17.
19
Sheng R, Gu ZL, Xie ML, Zhou WX, Guo CY. 2010. Epigallocatechingallate protects H9c2 cardiomyoblasts against hydrogen dioxides-induced apoptosis and telomere attrition. Eur J Pharmacol,641: 199-206.
20
Siracusa L, Kulisic-Bilusic T, Politeo O. 2011.Phenoliccomposition and antioxidant activity of aqueous infusions from Capparis spinosa L. and Crithmummaritimum L. before and after submission to a two-step in vitro digestion model. J Agric Food Chem, 23: 12453-9.
21
Takemura G, Fujiwara H. 2007.Doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy from Cardiotoxic mechanisms to management. Prog Cardiovasc Dis, 49: 330–52.
22
Tesriere L, Butera D, Gentile C, Livrea MA. 2007. Bioactive Components of Caper (Capparis spinosa L.) from Sicily and Antioxidant Effects in a Red Meat Simulated Gastric Digestion. J Agric Food Chem, 55: 8465–8471.
23
Tlili N, Khaldi A, Triki S. 2010. Phenolic compounds and vitamin antioxidants of caper (Capparis spinosa).Plant Foods Human Nutr, 3: 260-5.
24
Winstead MW, Lucas KK, Dennis EA. 2005. Group IV cytosolic phospholipase A2 mediates arachidonic acid release in H9c2 rat cardiomyocyte cells in response to hydrogen peroxide. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat, 78: 55-66.
25
Wu S, Ko YS, Teng MS, Ko YL, Hsu LA, Hsueh C. 2002. Adriamycin-induced cardiomyocyte and endothelial cell apoptosis: In vitro and in vivo studies. J Mol Cell Cardiol, 34:1595–1607.
26
Wu JH, Chang FR, Hayashi KI. 2003. Antitumor Agents. Part 218: Cappamensin A, a new in vitro anticancer principle, from C. sikkimensisy. Bioorg Med Chem Lett, 13: 2223-5.
27
YuJI, Mo K, Wang and Zou Xiang .2008. Study on inhibitory effect by total alkaloids in Capparis spinosa on SGC-7901 in vitro. J Shenyang Pharm Univ, 25: 74-75.
28
Yu-Bin J, Lei Y. 2014.N-Butanol Extract of Capparis spinosa L. Induces Apoptosis Primarily through a Mitochondrial Pathway Involving mPTP Open, Cytochrome C Release and Caspase Activation. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 15: 9153-9157.
29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Assessment of antibacterial effect of garlic in patients infected with Helicobacter pylori using urease breath test
Objective: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the most common pathogenic bacteria in the stomach. The aim of the current study was to explore the effect of oral garlic administration on bacterial urease activity inside the stomach and its contribution to the treatment of H. pylori infection. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, 15 patients were studied quantitatively with Urease Breath Test (UBT). The patients with gastrointestinal symptoms and a positive serum H. pylori IgG were enrolled. UBT was performed for each patient in three sessions as follows: at the beginning of the study, an initial UBT was performed based on which, the positive cases entered the study and the negative ones were excluded. Second UBT was done three days later in patients who were not receiving any treatment and were considered as the control, whereas the third UBT was performed three days after prescribing two medium-sized cloves of garlic (3 g) with their meal, twice a day (at noon and in the evening). The collected data were analyzed using ANOVA and Bonferroni tests and the significance level was set at pResults: the mean UBT significantly differed before and after treatment with garlic cloves, being significantly lower after garlic consumption. No meaningful difference was observed in the mean UBT without garlic consumption between the first and second steps. Conclusion: Raw garlic has anti-bacterial effects against H. pylori residing in the stomach and may be prescribed along with routine drugs for the treatment of gastric H. pylori infection.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_6317_3269a98d5464ed8a2f4be44961702360.pdf
2016-09-01
495
501
10.22038/ajp.2016.6317
Helicobacter pylori
Urease Breath Test
Garlic
Stomach
Mahmoud
Zardast
dr.zardast@yahoo.com
1
Birjand Atherosclerosis And Coronary Artery Research Center, Department of pathology, Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Birjand, Iran
AUTHOR
Kokab
Namakin
d_namakin@yahoo.com
2
Department of pediatrics, Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Birjand, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Jamil
Esmaili kaho
esmaili k.@yahoo.com
3
Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran (BUMS)
AUTHOR
Sarira sadat
Hashemi
sarira.hashemi@yahoo.com
4
Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran (BUMS)
AUTHOR
Aliporyegane M, Tajik H, Zadehashem E, Farkhondeh T, Sadighara P, Sabah S. 2009. Inhibitory Effect of Garlic Extract on the Growth of Salmonella Typhimurium and Shigella Dysenteric. Knowledge and Health, 4: 6-9.
1
Arreola R1, Quintero-Fabián S2, López-Roa RI3, Flores-Gutiérrez EO4, Reyes-Grajeda JP5, Carrera-Quintanar L6, Ortuño-Sahagún D6. 2015. Immunomodulation and anti-inflammatory effects of garlic compounds. J Immunol Res, 2015:401630.
2
Bokaeian M, Bameri Z. 2013. In Vitro Antibacterial Properties of Aqueous Garlic Extract (AEG) Against Multidrug-Resistant Enterococci. Zahedan J Res Med Sci, 15:43-49.
3
Correa P. 1992. Human gastric carcinogenesis: A multistep and multifactorial process. First American Cancer Society Award Lecture on Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention. Cancer Res, 52:6735-40.
4
Cutler RR, Wilson P. 2004. Antibacterial activity of a new, stable, aqueous extract of allicin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Br J Biomed Sci, 61:71-4.
5
Fauci AS, Braunwald E, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jamseon JL, et al. 2008. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 17th.New York: McGraw-Hill. 2450.
6
Fennerty MB. 2005. Helicobacter pylori: why it still matters in 2005. Cleve Clin J Med, 72 :14-21.
7
Fuccio L, Laterza L, Zagari RM, Cennamo V, Grilli D, Bazzoli F. 2008. Treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. BMJ, 15;337: 1454.
8
Ghobeh M, Shaker Hosseini R, Navai L, Mir Sattari D, Rashid Khani B, Fahmideh Norouzi M. 2010. Study of the Role of Garlic Consumption in Helicobacter Pylori Eradication. JSSU, 18: 337-347.
9
Hekmatdoosta A, Ghobeha M, Shaker-Hosseinia R, MirSattarib D, Rastmanesha R, Rashidkhanic B, Navai L. 2015. The effect of garlic consumption on Helicobacter pylori treatment using urea breath test: a randomized clinical trial. JNSD, 1:21-27.
10
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11
Hosseini-Jazani N, Shahabi S, Abdi-Ali A, Zarrin S, Ale Daie N. 2007. In vitro antibacterial activity of garlic against isolates of Acinetobacter sp. J Biol Sci, 7:819-822.
12
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13
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14
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15
Kazemizadeh Z, Tashakori M, Rezaeian M. 2011. [Comparison of antibacterial effects of garlic extract with two intracanal irrigants on Enterococcus faecalis] Persian. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci,10: 3-13.
16
Lee SA, Kang D, Shim KN, Choe JW, Hong WS, Choi H. 2003. Effect of diet and Helicobacter pylori infection to the risk of early gastric cancer. J Epedemiol, 13: 162-8.
17
Malfertheiner P, Leodolter A, Peitz U. 2000. Cure of Helicobacter pylori- associated ulcer disease through eradication. Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol, 14: 119-32.
18
Mahdavi-Roshan M, Zahedmehr A, Mohammad-Zadeh A, Sanati HR, Shakerian F, Firouzi A, Kiani R, Nasrollahzadeh J. 2013. Effect of garlic powder tablet on carotid intima-media thickness in patients with coronary artery disease: a preliminary randomized controlled trial. Nutr Health, 22: 143-55.
19
McNulty CAM, Wilson P, Havinga W, Johnston B, O'Gara EA, Maslin DJ. 2001. A pilot study to determine the effectiveness of garlic oil capsules in the treatment of dyspeptic patients with helicobacter pylori. Helicobacter J, 6: 249-53.
20
Meyer JM, Silliman NP, Wang W, Siepman NY, Sugg JE, Morris D, et al. 2002. Risk factors for Helicobacter pylori resistence in the United States: The surveillance of H. pylori antimicrobial resistance partnership (SHARP) study, 1993-1999. Ann Intern Med, 1;136:13-24.
21
Ozturk E. 2008. Diagnostic method of Helicobacter pylori infection. Gulhane Med J, 50: 60-64
22
Peterson W, Fendrick M, Cave D, Peura D, Ruffalo S, Laine L. 2000. Helicobacter pylori-related disease. Arch Intern Med, 8;160: 1285-91.
23
Qiutang L, Inder MV. 2002. NF-KB regulation in the immune system. Nature Reviews Immunology, 2: 725-34.
24
Ríos JL, Francini F, Schinella GR. 2015. Natural Products for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Planta Med, 81:975-94.
25
Shapoury R, Sattari M, Mohammad Hassan Z. 2004. Study effect of garlic choloroformic extract (Allicin) on physiology and morphology of brucella. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 3:15-22.
26
Shoeybi Sh, Hajimehdipoor H, Rahimifard N, Rezazadeh SH, Hasanloo T, Bagheri F, Amini A. 2010. Comparative Study on Anti-Helicobacter pylori Effects of Licorice Roots Collected from Different Regions of Iran. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 9: 43-47.[Persain]
27
Sivam GP. 2001. Protection against Helicobacter pylori and other bacterial infections by garlic. J Nutr, 131:1106S-8S.
28
Suerbaum S, Michetti P. 2002. Helicobacter pylori infection. N Engl J Med, 10;347: 1175-86.
29
Tsao S, Yin M. 2001. In vitro activity of garlic oil and four diallyl sulphides against antibiotic-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Antimicrob Chemother, 47:665-70.
30
Wang HP, Yang J, Qin LQ, Yang XJ. 2015. Effect of garlic on blood pressure: a meta-analysis. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich), 17:223-31.
31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Urological recommedations of Hadji Pasha’s, a Turkish aged doctor in Anatolia
Objective: Urinary tract conditions have been an important part of diseases from antiquity until today. Historically, many plants and herbs have been used for the treatment of urinary disorders. Methods: Celâlüddîn Hızır bin Ali el-Konevi (Hadji Pasha) is one of the most famous physician who lived in Anatolia between 13th and 14th centuries. He has written one of the most important medical books of that era, "Müntehab-ıŞifa" (solution of wellness) in Turkish. General medical information about the diseases in this book, focus on diagnosis and treatment. Results: The herbal solutions for urological disorders such as, urinary incontinence, urinary stones or erection problems are told in this section. Conclusion: Many of the herbal medicines addressed in this book are being widely used in current medicine, but the usage of these herbals in daily urology practice is limited. In this study, we aimed to share the advices for the urological diseases and therelated herbal medicines that are named in Hadji Pasha’s book, " Müntehab-ıŞifa ", with today's physicians.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_6499_e30ba7510f51dc2a85f2fb950f699c02.pdf
2016-09-01
502
505
10.22038/ajp.2016.6499
Hadji Pasha
Urology
Andrology
Phytotheraphy
Mehmet
Yildirim
doctorerol@yahoo.com
1
Department of Urology, Turgut Özal University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
LEAD_AUTHOR
Metin
Canbal
canbalmetin@hotmail.com
2
Department of Family Medicine, Turgut Özal University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
AUTHOR
Ekrem
Ozyuvali
eozyuvali@gmail.com
3
Department of Urology, Turgut Özal University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
AUTHOR
Omer
Karatas
dr_omerfaruk@gmail.com
4
Department of Urology, Atatürk Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
AUTHOR
Batuta I. Ibn Batuta’s Book of Travels. Vol.1, İstanbul, 1983; 205-208.
1
Hardani A, Afzalzadeh MR, Amirzargar A, Mansouri E, Meamar Z. 2015. Effects of aqueous extract of celery (Apium graveolens L.) leaves on spermatogenesis in healthy male rats. Avicenna J Phytomed, 5:113-119.
2
Mikaili P, Shayegh J, Asghari MH, Sarahroodi S, Sharifi M. 2011. Currently used traditional phytomedicines with hot nature in Iran. Biol Res, 2:56–68.
3
Moradi HR, Erfani Majd N, Esmaeilzadeh S, Fatemi Tabatabaei SR. 2015. The histological and histometrical effects of Urtica dioica extract on rat's prostate hyperplasia. Vet Res Forum, 6:23-29.
4
Pal SK, Shukla Y. 2003. Herbal medicine: current status and the future. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 4:281–288.
5
Swaroop A, Bagchi M, Kumar P, Preuss HG, Bagchi D. 2015. Safety and efficacy of a novel Prunus domestica extract (Sitoprin, CR002) on testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in male Wistar rats. Toxicol Mech Methods, 4:1-12.
6
Ustun C. 2010. Hekim Haci Pasa’s (physician Hadji Pasha) brief biography and his opinions on medical deontology. S.D.Ü. J Med Fac, 17; 29-32.
7
Uz E, Karatas OF, Mete E, Bayrak R, Bayrak O, Atmaca AF, Atis O, Yildirim ME, Akcay A. 2009. The effect of dietary ginger (Zingiber officinals Rosc) on renal ischemia/ reperfusion injury in rat kidneys. Renal Failure, 31: 251-260.
8
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A review study on the effect of Iranian herbal medicines against in vitro replication of herpes simplex virus
Objective: There are a number of published data indicating in vitro anti-HSV activity of some of Iranian herbal extracts with no systematic review to discuss these results. Therefore, this article was aimed to review and discuss the methods carried out and the phytochemistry and bioactivity of the extracts used and also conclusions provided in these publications. Materials and Methods: Published articles both in English (from Medline, Science Direct, EMBASE, Scopus, Pro Quest, Google scholar, Cochrane Library) and in Persian (from SID, Iran Medex and Magiran) databases, from 1966 to October 2014 were incorporated in this review. The in vitro studies that lacked CC50, IC50, were excluded. Results: Only 42 published reports were found to examine Iranian herbs against HSV replication in vitro. Seventeen out of 42 studies in which 23 kinds of medicinal plants were subjected to crude extraction were included. The review of data showed that some of the herbal extracts including Hyssopus officinalis methanolic extract, Melissa officinalis aqueous extract, Quercus persica L. hydroalcoholic extract and Securigeras ecuridaca methanolic extract with selective index (SI) of 234, 877, >778 and 250, respectively were highly effective against HSV in vitro. Conclusion: More comprehensive studies using more advanced methods are needed to be done to achieve promising anti-HSV agents from the bioactive compounds isolated from these herbs.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_6567_591443e221710155defae8e6dac914a7.pdf
2016-09-01
506
515
10.22038/ajp.2016.6567
Herpes Simplex Virus
Herbal Medicine
Iran
In-vitro
Mohammad-Taghi
Moradi
mtmoradi65@gmail.com
1
Students Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Science, Shahrekord, Iran
AUTHOR
Mamoud
Rafieian-Kopaei
rafieian@yahoo.com
2
Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Science, Shahrekord, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Karimi
rakarimi1342@gmail.com
3
Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Science, Shahrekord, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Amin GR. 1991. Popular medicinal plants of Iran. Tehran: Iranian Research Institute of Medicinal Plants, pp. 40.
1
Andersen DO, Weber ND, Wood SG, Hughes BG, Murray BK, North JA. 1991. In vitro virucidal activity of selected anthraquinones and anthraquinone derivatives. Antiviral Res, 16:185-196.
2
Astani A, Navid MH, Schnitzler P. 2014. Attachment and penetration of acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus are inhibited by Melissa officinalis extract. Phytother Res, 28:1547-1552.
3
Behbahani M. 2009. Anti-viral activity of the methanolic leaf extract of an Iranian medicinal plant “Hyssopus officinalis” against herpes simplex virus. J Med Plant Res, 3:1118-1125.
4
Behbahani M, Shanehsazzadeh M, Shokoohinia Y, Soltani M. 2013a. Evaluation of Anti-Herpetic Activity of Methanol Seed Extract and Fractions of Securigerasecuridaca In vitro. J Antivir Antiretrovir, 5:072-076.
5
Behbahani M, Zadeh MS, Mohabatkar H. 2013b. Evaluation of antiherpetic activity of crude extract and fractions of Avicenna marina, in vitro. Antiviral Res, 97:376-380.
6
Buzzini P, Arapitsas P, Goretti M, Branda E, Turchetti B, Pinelli P, Ieri F, Romani A. 2008. Antimicrobial and antiviral activity of hydrolysable tannins. Mini Rev Med Chem, 8:1179-1187.
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Carnat AP, Carnat A, Fraisse D, Lamaison JL. 1998. The aromatic and polyphenolic composition of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L. subsp. officinalis) tea. Pharm Acta Helv, 72:301-305.
8
Chang C-C, Yang MH, Wen HM, Chern JC. 2002. Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods. J Food Drug Anal, 10:178-182.
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Eftekhar F, Zamani S, Yusefzadi M, Hadian J, NejadEbrahimi S. 2011. Antibacterial activity of Zataria multiflora Boiss essential oil against extended spectrum β lactamase produced by urinary isolates of Klebsiella pneumonia. Jundishapur J Microbiol, 4: S43-S49.
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Farahani M. 2013. Inhibition of HSV-1 multiplication by five species of medicinal plants. J Microbiol, Biotechnol Food Sci, 3:69-71.
14
Garjani A, Fathiazad F, Zakheri A, Akbari NA, Azarmie Y, Fakhrjoo A, Andalib S, Maleki-Dizaji N. 2009. The effect of total extract of Securigerasecuridaca L. seeds on serum lipid profiles, antioxidant status, and vascular function in hypercholesterolemic rats. J Ethnopharmacol, 126:525-532.
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Hill C, McKinney E, Lowndes CM, Munro H, Murphy G, Parry JV, Gill ON. 2009. Epidemiology of herpes simplex virus types 2 and 1 amongst men who have sex with men attending sexual health clinics in England and Wales: implications for HIV prevention and management. Euro Surveill, 14:34-9.
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Karimi A,Moradi MT,Saedi M,Salimzadeh L, Rafieian-Kopaei M. 2012. The Inhibitory Effects of Eucalyptus Extract on Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Replication in Baby Hamster Kidney Cells. Qom Univ Med Sci J, 6:3-8.
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Karimi A, Moradi MT, Saeedi M, Asgari S, Rafieian-Kopaei M. 2013. Antiviral activity of Quercuspersica L.: High efficacy and low toxicity. Adv Biomed Res, 2:36.
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Kaur G, Hamid H, Ali A, Alam MS, Athar M. 2004. Antiinflammatory evaluation of alcoholic extract of galls of Quercusinfectoria. J Ethnopharmacol, 90:285-292.
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62
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Anti-oxidant and anti-hyperlipidemic activity of Hemidesmus indicus in rats fed with high-fat diet
Objective: Dietary changes playmajor risk roles in oxidative stress andcardiovascular disease and modulate normal metabolic function. The present study was designed to investigate the ameliorative potential of different extracts of Hemidesmus indicus to experimental high-fat diet in wistar rats, and their possible mechanism of action. Materials and Methods: Male wistar rats were divided into 6 groups (n=6/group) andfed with a standard diet (control), high-fat diet (HFD), high-fat diet supplemented with different extracts and positive control for 9 weeks. High-fat diet induced changes in average body weight andoxidative stress and elevated levels of plasma lipid profilein rats. Results: Oral administration of methanolic extract of H. indicus(200 mg/kg) offered a significant dose-dependent protection against HFD-induced oxidative stress, as reflected in the levels of catalase (pConclusion: The present study revealed that the methanolic extract of H.indicus protects against oxidative stress, hyperlipidemia and liver damage.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_6466_a44fbe0cb2e73ee4ae7108c95629aeea.pdf
2016-09-01
516
525
10.22038/ajp.2016.6466
Hemidesmus indicus
High fat diet
Oxidative stress
Plasma lipid profile
Antihyperlipidemia
Liver protection
Suganya
Venkateshan
suganm57@gmail.com
1
Department of Pharmacology, Madras Medical College, Tamil Nadu, India
AUTHOR
Vetriselvan
Subramaniyan
vetricology@gmail.com
2
Department of Medicine, Pharmacology Unit, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Ethiopia
LEAD_AUTHOR
Velmurugan
Chinnasamy
velu0906@gmail.com
3
3epartment of Pharmacology, Sri Krishna Chaithanya College of Pharmacy, Madanapalee, Andhra Pradesh, India
AUTHOR
Sarath
Chandiran
bahoursarath@gmail.com
4
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ratnam Institute of Pharmacy, Nellore, India
AUTHOR
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52
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Estragole and methyl-eugenol-free extract of Artemisia dracunculus possesses immunomodulatory effects
Objective: Some evidence suggests that chronic uptake of estragole and methyl-eugenol, found in the essential oil of Artemisia dracunculus (tarragon), may be associated with an increased risk of hepato-carcinogenicity. The present study was conducted to investigate the immumodulatory and anti-inflammatory potentials of estragole and methyl-eugenol free extract of tarragon. Materials and Methods: Aqueous, hydroalcoholic, methanol and hexane extracts of dried and milled tarragon was prepared and analyzed by GC-MS. The estragole and methyl-eugenol free extract was characterized and used for evaluation of immunity in NMRI mice after challenging with sheep red blood cells. Results: It was shown that the aqueous extract of tarragon was free from potentially harmful estragole or methyl-eugenol. Moreover, the immunomodulatory effect of the aqueous extract of tarragon (100 mg/kg for 21 consecutive days) was investigated. The extract significantly increased the level of anti-sheep red blood cells (SRBC (antibody and simultaneously decreased the level of cellular immunity in the treatment group. Moreover, tarragon caused a significant reduction in the production of pro-inflammatory IL-17 and IFN-γ in parallel with a reduction in the ratio of INF-γ to Il-10 or IL-17 to IL-10 in the splenocytes. In addition, the levels of the respiratory burst and nitric oxide production in peritoneal macrophages were significantly decreased. Additionally, the phagocytosis potential of macrophages was significantly increased in treated mice. Conclusion: These data showed that the aqueous extract of tarragon may be used as a natural source to modulate the immune system, because it can inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines and induce anti-inflammatory macrophages.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_6479_008492b1187255d2ba94c8ed05b44ca6.pdf
2016-09-01
526
534
10.22038/ajp.2016.6479
Artemisia dracunculus (tarragon)
Humoral immunity
Cellular immunity
Macrophage
Seyyed Meysam
Abtahi Froushani
meysamabtahi@hotmail.com
1
Department of Microbiology, Veterinary Faculty, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Leila
Zarei
alireza.alirezai@gmail.com
2
Solid Tumor Research Center, rmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Hadi
Esmaeili Gouvarchin Ghaleh
h.smaili69@yahoo.com
3
Department of Microbiology, Veterinary Faculty, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Bahman
Mansori Motlagh
ahmadreza.rez4@gmail.com
4
Department of Microbiology, Veterinary Faculty, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Abtahi Froushani SM, Esmaili Gourvarchin Galeh H. 2014. New insight into the immunomodulatory mechanisms of tretinoin in nmri mice. Iran J Basic Med Sci, 17: 632-637.
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23
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Obistioiu D,Cristina RT,Schmerold I,Chizzola R,Stolze K,Nichita I,Chiurciu V .2014. Chemical characterization by gc-ms and in vitro activity against candida albicans of volatile fractions prepared from artemisia dracunculus, artemisia abrotanum, artemisia absinthium and artemisia vulgaris. Chem Cent J, 8: 6.
25
Obolskiy D,Pischel I,Feistel B,Glotov N,Heinrich M .2011. Artemisia dracunculus l. (tarragon): A critical review of its traditional use, chemical composition, pharmacology, and safety. J Agric Food Chem, 59: 11367-11384.
26
Saraiva M,O'garra A .2010. The regulation of il-10 production by immune cells. Nat Rev Immunol, 10:170-181.
27
Saraiva RA,Araruna MKA,Oliveira RC,Menezes KDP,Leite GO,Kerntopf MR,Costa JGM,Rocha JBT,Tomé AR,Campos AR,Menezes IRA .2011. Topical anti-inflammatory effect of caryocar coriaceum wittm. (caryocaraceae) fruit pulp fixed oil on mice ear edema induced by different irritant agents. J Ethnopharmacol, 136: 504-510.
28
Sayyah M,Nadjafnia L,Kamalinejad M .2004. Anticonvulsant activity and chemical composition of artemisia dracunculus l. Essential oil. J Ethnopharmacol, 94: 283-287.
29
Shahriyary L,Yazdanparast R .2007. Inhibition of blood platelet adhesion, aggregation and secretion by artemisia dracunculus leaves extracts. J Ethnopharmacol, 114:194-198.
30
Sharafati Chaleshtori R,Rokni N,Razavilar V,Rafieian Kopaei M .2013. The evaluation of the antibacterial and antioxidant activity of tarragon (artemisia dracunculus) essential oil and its chemical composition. Jundishapur J Microbiol, 6: e7877.
31
Trinchieri G .2007. Interleukin-10 production by effector t cells: Th1 cells show self control. J Exp Med, 204:239-243.
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33
Weinoehrl S,Feistel B,Pischel I,Kopp B,Butterweck V .2012. Comparative evaluation of two different artemisia dracunculus l. Cultivars for blood sugar lowering effects in rats. Phytother Res, 26:625-629.
34
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of virgin olive oil versus piroxicam phonophoresis on exercise-induced anterior knee pain
Objective: The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of virgin olive oil phonophoresis on female athletes' anterior knee pain (AKP). Materials and Methods: A double blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted. Ninety-three female athletes suffering from AKP voluntarily participated in this study. Patients were randomly assigned into olive oil (n=31), piroxicam (n=31) or base gel phonophoresis (n=31) groups. At the baseline visit, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) questionnaire was filled by subjects who were then treated with olive oil, piroxicam or pure phonophoresis for 12 sessions. After 6 and 12 sessions of physiotherapy, subjects filled the questionnaire again. Main outcomes were significant improvement in pain, stiffness, physical function, and total WOMAC scores. Results: Although, there was a significant reduction in symptoms of AKP at the end of the therapy in all groups (p< 0.05), but in olive oil group, this improvement was seen after 6 sessions of treatment (p< 0.001). A significant difference between olive oil group and piroxicam and/or phonophoresis group was observed after 6 sessions of therapy (p< 0.05). Conclusion: It could be proposed that phonophoresis with virgin olive oil is as effective as piroxicam gel on lowering WOMAC scores of AKP in female athletes and also has several beneficial properties including faster effect and shorter duration of therapy. The exact mechanism of beneficial action of virgin olive oil on AKP is not clear and requires further studies.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_6612_7917fc0aaa345b755b94b8218fcf8bd9.pdf
2016-09-01
535
541
10.22038/ajp.2016.6612
Phonophoresis
Olive oil
Piroxicam
Anterior Knee Pain
Topical application
Babak
Nakhostin-Roohi
bnakhostin@iauardabil.ac.ir
1
Department of Exercise Physiology, Islamic Azad University-Ardabil Branch, Ardabil, Iran
AUTHOR
Faegheh
Khoshkhahesh
faegeh_kh@yahoo.com
2
Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Mohaghegh- Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
AUTHOR
Shahab
Bohlooli
shahab.bohlooli@arums.ac.ir
3
Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Adams W. 2004. Treatment Options in Overuse Injuries of the Knee: Patellofemoral Syndrome, Iliotibial Band Syndrome, and Degenerative Meniscal Tears. pp. 256-260, American College of Sports Medicine.
1
Beauchamp GK, Keast RS, Morel D, Lin J, Pika J, Han Q, Lee CH, Smith AB, Breslin PA. 2005. Phytochemistry: ibuprofen-like activity in extra-virgin olive oil. Nature, 437: 45-46.
2
Bohlooli S, Jastan M, Nakhostin-Roohi B, Mohammadi S, Baghaei Z. 2012. A pilot double-blinded, randomized, clinical trial of topical virgin olive oil versus piroxicam gel in osteoarthritis of the knee. J Clin Rheumatol, 18: 99-101.
3
Bolin D, Md P. 2003. Transdermal Approaches to Pain in Sports Injury Management. pp. 303-309, American College of Sports Medicine.
4
Byl NN. 1995. The use of ultrasound as an enhancer for transcutaneous drug delivery: phonophoresis. Phys Ther, 75: 539-553.
5
Ciccone CD, Leggin BG, Callamaro JJ. 1991. Effects of ultrasound and trolamine salicylate phonophoresis on delayed-onset muscle soreness. Phys Ther, 71: 666-675.
6
Davis JWL, Fulkerson JP. 1999. Initial evaluation of the athletewith anterior knee pain. Oper Tech Sports Med, 7: 55-58.
7
DeLisa JA. 1988. Rehabilitation medicine : principles and practice. pp. 251-270, Lippincott, Philadelphia.
8
Garrido M, Gonzalez-Flores D, Marchena AM, Prior E, Garcia-Parra J, Barriga C, et al. 2013. A lycopene-enriched virgin olive oil enhances antioxidant status in humans. J Sci Food Agric, 93: 1820-1826.
9
Griffin JE, Touchstone JC. 1968. Low-intensity phonophoresis of cortisol in swine. Phys Ther, 48: 1336-1344.
10
Kleinkort JA, Wood F. 1975. Phonophoresis with 1 percent versus 10 percent hydrocortisone. Phys Ther, 55: 1320-1324.
11
Kremer JM, Lawrence DA, Jubiz W, DiGiacomo R, Rynes R, Bartholomew LE, et al. 1990. Dietary fish oil and olive oil supplementation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical and immunologic effects. Arthritis Rheum, 33: 810-820.
12
Llopis E, Padrón M. 2007. Anterior knee pain. Eur J Radiol, 62: 27-43.
13
Martinez-Beamonte R, Navarro MA, Acin S, Guillen N, Barranquero C, Arnal C, et al. 2013. Postprandial changes in high density lipoproteins in rats subjected to gavage administration of virgin olive oil. PLoS One, 8: e55231.
14
Menendez JA, Joven J, Aragones G, Barrajon-Catalan E, Beltran-Debon R, Borras-Linares I, et al. 2013. Xenohormetic and anti-aging activity of secoiridoid polyphenols present in extra virgin olive oil: a new family of gerosuppressant agents. Cell Cycle, 12: 555-578.
15
Michlovitz SL. 1990. Thermal agents in rehabilitation. pp. 152-155, Davis, Philadelphia.
16
Musumeci G, Trovato FM, Pichler K, Weinberg AM, Loreto C, Castrogiovanni P. 2013. Extra-virgin olive oil diet and mild physical activity prevent cartilage degeneration in an osteoarthritis model: an in vivo and in vitro study on lubricin expression. J Nutr Biochem, 24: 2064-2075.
17
Nakhostin- Roohi B, Bohlooli S. 2014. Comparison the Efficacy of Ultrasound Therapy and Phonophoresis with Virgin Olive Oil on Athletes' Chronic Low Back Pain: A Pilot Study. J Zanjan Univ Med Sci , 22: 43-51.
18
Nimon G, Murray D, Sandow M, Goodfellow J. 1998. Natural History of Anterior Knee Pain: A 14- to 20-Year Follow-up of Nonoperative Management.
19
Owen RW, Giacosa A, Hull WE, Haubner R, Wurtele G, Spiegelhalder B, et al. 2000. Olive-oil consumption and health: the possible role of antioxidants. Lancet Oncol, 1: 107-112.
20
Oziomek RS, Perrin DH, Herold DA, Denegar CR. 1991. Effect of phonophoresis on serum salicylate levels. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 23: 397-401.
21
Perona JS, Cabello-Moruno R, Ruiz-Gutierrez V. 2006. The role of virgin olive oil components in the modulation of endothelial function. J Nutr Biochem, 17: 429-445.
22
Sanchez-Fidalgo S, Cardeno A, Sanchez-Hidalgo M, Aparicio-Soto M, de la Lastra CA. 2013. Dietary extra virgin olive oil polyphenols supplementation modulates DSS-induced chronic colitis in mice. J Nutr Biochem. 24:1401-13.
23
Stark AH, Madar Z. 2002. Olive oil as a functional food: epidemiology and nutritional approaches. Nutr Rev, 60: 170-176.
24
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Taunton JE, Wilkinson M. 2001. Rheumatology: 14. Diagnosis and management of anterior knee pain. Can Med Assoc J , 164: 1595-1601.
26
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27
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28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Teratogenic effects of silymarin on mouse fetuses
Objective: Silybum marianum has been used for centuries in herbal medicine for treatment of liver diseases. Currently, there is no data available on the possible effects of silymarin on fetal development. This study aimed to investigate the teratogenic effect of silymarin on BALB/c mice fetuses. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 pregnant mice were divided into 4 groups of 10 mice each. Three groups received silymarin at three different doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/day during gestational days (GDs). The control group received normal saline and tween (solvent). Dams were sacrificed on GD 18 and all fetuses were examined for gross malformations, size and body weight. Malformed fetuses were double stained with alizarin red and alcian blue. Results: Silymarin administration at all doses resulted in reduction of the mean fetal body weights. The abnormalities included limb, vertebral column and craniofacial malformations. Craniofacial malformations were the most common abnormalities, but they were not observed in a dose-dependent manner. The percentage of fetal resorption significantly increased (up to 15%) in all treatment groups. Conclusion: Based on our results, silymarin, especially at high doses can lead to fetal resorption, intrauterine growth retardation and limb, vertebral column and craniofacial abnormalities. More precise studies should be conducted about the teratogenic effects of herbal medicine investigating the underlying mechanisms. Thus, caution should be taken when administering S. marianum to pregnant woman.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_6679_ce7ede7d31c2b6c70c9c064933385c8a.pdf
2016-09-01
542
549
10.22038/ajp.2016.6679
Silybum marianum
Silymarin
Mouse fetus
Teratogenicity
Mahbobe
Gholami
1
Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Seyed Adel
Moallem
2
Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Afshar
3
Department of Anatomy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
AUTHOR
Sakineh
Amoueian
4
Department of Pathology, Imam-Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Leila
Etemad
etemadl@mums.ac.ir
5
Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Gholamreza
Karimi
karimig@mums.ac.ir
6
Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmacy school, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Afshar, M, Moallem S A, Mohammadpour A H, Shiravi A, Jalalian S M,Golalipour J. 2010. Teratogenic effects of carbamazepine on embryonic eye development in pregnant mice. Cutan Ocul Toxicol, 29: 10-15.
1
Ahmadi-Ashtiani, H, Allameh A, Rastegar H, Soleimani M,Barkhordari E. 2012. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase by silymarin in proliferating mesenchymal stem cells: comparison with glutathione modifiers. J Nat Med, 66: 85-94.
2
Ahmadi-ashtiani, H, Rezazadeh S, Safipourian K, Afraz K, Khaki A,Rastegar H. 2010. Study the Effects of Oral Administration of Silymarin in Preventing Consequences of Ethanol on Liver during Pregnancy. J Med Plants, 9: 143-150.
3
Badawy, G, El-Sayyad H L,Al-Shahar E E. 2011. Maternal and neonatal toxicities induced by three antirheumatic drugs in albino rats. J Am Sci, 7: 783-793.
4
Burdan, F, Dudka J, Szumilo J, Korobowicz A,Klepacz L. 2003. Prenatal effects of DuP-697-the irreversible, highly selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor. Reprod Toxicol, 17: 413-419.
5
Burdan, F, Pliszczynska-Steuden M, Rozylo-Kalinowska I, Chalas A, Rozylo T K, Staroslawska E, Klepacz R,Szumilo J. 2011. Developmental outcome after exposure to cyclooxygenase inhibitors during pregnancy and lactation. Reprod Toxicol, 32: 407-417.
6
Burdan, F, Szumilo J,Klepacz R. 2009. Maternal toxicity of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as an important factor affecting prenatal development. Reprod Toxicol, 28: 239-244.
7
Campos, R, Garrido A, Guerra R,Valenzuela A. 1989. Silibinin dihemisuccinate protects against glutathione depletion and lipid peroxidation induced by acetaminophen on rat liver. Planta Med 55: 417-419.
8
Chan, L Y, Chiu P Y, Siu S S,Lau T K. 2001. A study of diclofenac-induced teratogenicity during organogenesis using a whole rat embryo culture model. Hum Reprod, 16: 2390-2393.
9
Etemad, L, Jafarian A H,Moallem S A. . Pathogenesis of Pregabalin-Induced Limb Defects in Mouse Embryos. J Pharm Pharm Sci, 18: 882 - 889.
10
Fraschini, F, Demartini G,Esposti D. . Pharmacology of Silymarin. Clin Drug Investig, 22: 51-65.
11
Fukushima, R, Kanamori S, Hirashiba M, Hishikawa A, Muranaka R I, Kaneto M, Nakamura K,Kato I. . Teratogenicity study of the dihydroorotate-dehydrogenase inhibitor and protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor Leflunomide in mice. Reprod Toxicol, 24: 310-316.
12
Giannola, C, Buogo F, Forestiere G, Scaffidi L, Ferrigno V,Scaffidi A. 1985. A two-center study on the effects of silymarin in pregnant women and adult patients with so-called minor hepatic insufficiency. Clin Ter, 114: 129-135.
13
Gilroy, D W, Tomlinson A, Greenslade K, Seed M P,Willoughby D A. 1998. The effects of cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors on cartilage erosion and bone loss in a model of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced monoarticular arthritis in the rat. Inflammation, 22: 509-519.
14
Karimi, G, Vahabzadeh M, Lari P, Rashedinia M,Moshiri M. 2011. Silymarin, a promising pharmacological agent for treatment of diseases. Iran J Basic Med Sci, 14: 308-317.
15
Kasim, M J, Zheen A A, Intesar T N,Saad Abdul R H. 2009. Dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effect of silymarin in experimental animal model of chronic inflammation. Iraqi J Pharm Sci, 3: 242-247.
16
Kaur, A K, Wahi A K, Brijesh K, Bhandari A,Prasad N. 2011. Milk thistle (Silybum marianum): A review. IJPRD 3: 1-10.
17
Kimmel, C A,Trammell C. 1981. A rapid procedure for routine double staining of cartilage and bone in fetal and adult animals. Stain Technol, 56: 271-273.
18
Mahabady, M K,Varzi H N. 2011. Prophylactic Effects of Silymarin and Vitamin E on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Skeletal Malformations in Rat Embryos. World Appl Sci J, 12: 636-641.
19
Malekinejad, H, Taheri-Broujerdi M, Moradi M,Tabatabaie S H. 2011. Silymarin potentiates the antinociceptive effect of morphine in mice. Phytother Res, 25: 250-255.
20
Mallikarjuna, G, Dhanalakshmi S, Singh R P, Agarwal C,Agarwal R. 2004. Silibinin protects against photocarcinogenesis via modulation of cell cycle regulators, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and Akt signaling. Cancer Res, 64: 6349-6356.
21
Metcalfe, A D, Hunter H R, Bloor D J, Lieberman B A, Picton H M, Leese H J, Kimber S J,Brison D R. 2004. Expression of 11 members of the BCL-2 family of apoptosis regulatory molecules during human preimplantation embryo development and fragmentation. Mol Reprod Dev, 68: 35-50.
22
Muriel, P, Garciapina T, Perez-Alvarez V,Mourelle M. 1992. Silymarin protects against paracetamol-induced lipid peroxidation and liver damage. J Appl Toxicol 12: 439-442.
23
Nwadinigwe, C U,Anyaehie U E. 2007. Effects of cyclooxygenase inhibitors on bone and cartilage metabolism. Niger J Med, 16: 290-294.
24
Polyak, S J, Ferenci P,Pawlotsky J M. 2013. Hepatoprotective and antiviral functions of silymarin components in hepatitis C virus infection. Hepatology, 57: 1262-1271.
25
Pradhan, S C,Girish C. 2006. Hepatoprotective herbal drug, silymarin from experimental pharmacology to clinical medicine. Indian J Med Res, 124: 491-504.
26
Sharma, m, Anwer T, Pillai K K, Haque S H, A K Najmi A K,Sultana Y. 2008. Silymarin, a flavonoid antioxidant, protects streptozotocin-induced lipid peroxidation and β-Cell damage in rat pancreas. Orient Pharm Exp Med, 8: 146-153.
27
Sorní, C, Sánchez R, Pellicer P,Andrés J P. 2005. Leflunomide: assessing teratogenic risk during the first trimester of pregnancy. Farm Hospital, 29: 265-268.
28
Torchinsky, A, Fein A,Toder V. 2005. Teratogen-Induced Apoptotic Cell Death: Does the Apoptotic Machinery Act As a Protector of Embryos Exposed to Teratogens? Birth Defects Res C, 75: 353-361.
29
Urban, M. 2000. COX-2 specific inhibitors offer improved advantages over traditional NSAIDs. Orthopedics, 23: S761-764.
30
Woo, S M, Min K J, Kim S, Park J W, Kim D E, Chun K S, Kim Y H, Lee T J, Kim S H, Choi Y H, Chang J S,Kwon T K. 2014. Silibinin induces apoptosis of HT29 colon carcinoma cells through early growth response-1 (EGR-1)-mediated non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-activated gene-1 (NAG-1) up-regulation. Chem Biol Interact, 25: 36-43.
31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparison of antiplatelet activity of garlic tablets with cardio-protective dose of aspirin in healthy volunteers: a randomized clinical trial
Objective: Some of the adverse effects of aspirin including peptic ulcers, gastrointestinal bleeding and aspirin resistance compelled researchers to find a suitable alternative with fewer adverse effects. In this clinical trial, we aimed to find the effective antiplatelet dose of garlic. Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) was conducted on 62 healthy volunteers of 20-50 years old. All volunteers used 80 mg aspirin per day for 1 week and at the end of this time, platelet aggregation (PA) induced by 4 agonists acting in aggregation pathway including adenosinediphosphate (20 μmol/l), epinephrine (20 μmol/l), collagen(0.19 mg/ ml) and arachidonic acid (0.5mg/ ml) was measured by Light Transmittance Aggregometry (LTA) in all participants. After one month washout period, volunteers were randomized into 3 groups and each received 1, 2 or 3 garlic tablets (1250 mg) a day for 1 month. After one month, PA was examined in all groups. Results: The mean ±SD of the age of all volunteers was 28.60 ± 9.00 years. In addition, 52.00 % of our volunteers were male and 48.00% of them were female. Garlic tablet didnot have significant effect on PA at any dose. However, 30% of volunteers in the group that used 3 garlic tablets/day reported adverse effect (i.e. bleeding). No significant association between sex, age and PA was observed. Conclusion: In this study, we were unable to determine the effective anti-platelet dose of garlic which that could be equal to that of aspirin anti-platelet activity, as assessed LTA method.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_6680_e1e9b90f31fbf8eabe20cc4c3715da1d.pdf
2016-09-01
550
557
10.22038/ajp.2016.6680
Garlic
Aspirin
Anti-Platelet
Light transmittance aggregometry
Mojtaba
Shafiekhani
mshafikhan@sums.ac.ir
1
Department of Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Pouya
Faridi
faridi@sums.ac.ir
2
Department of phytopharmaceuticals , Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Javad
Kojuri
kojurij@yahoo.com
3
Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Soha
Namazi
namazisoha@yahoo.com
4
Department of Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Afzal M, Ali M, Thomson M, Armstrong D. 2000. Garlic and its medicinal potential. Inflammopharmacology, 8: 123-148.
1
Agarwal KC. 1996. Therapeutic actions of garlic constituents. Med Res Rev, 16:111-124.
2
Angiolillo DJ, Suryadevara S, Capranzano P, Zenni MZ, Guzman LA, Bass TA. 2009. Antiplatelet drug response variability and the role of platelet function testing: a practical guide for interventional cardiologists.Cathet Cardiovasc Interv, 73: 1-14.
3
Angiolillo DJ. 2009. Variability in responsiveness to oral antiplatelet therapy. Am J Cardiol, 103: 27A-34A.
4
Apitz-Castro R, Escalante J, Vargas R, Jain Mk. 1986. Ajoene, the antiplatelet principle of garlic, synergistically potentiates the antiaggregatory action of prostacyclin, forskolin, indomethacin and dypiridamole on human platelets. Thromb Res, 42: 303-311.
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Bordia A, Verma S, Srivastava K. 1998. Effect of garlic (Allium sativum) on blood lipids, blood sugar, fibrinogen and fibrinolytic activity in patients with coronary artery disease. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, 58: 257-263.
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Ernst E. 1986. Cardiovascular effects of garlic (Allium sativum): a review. Pharmatherapeutica, 5: 83-89.
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Gupta N, Porter TD. 2001. Garlic and garlic-derived compounds inhibit human squalene monooxygenase. J Nutr, 131: 1662-1667.
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Hiyasat B, Sabha D, Grötzinger K, Kempfert J, Rauwald JW, Mohr FW, Dhein S. 2009. Antiplatelet activity of Allium ursinum and Allium sativum. Pharmacology, 83: 197-204.
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Jain AK, Vargas R, Gotzkowsky S, Mcmahon FG. 1993. Can garlic reduce levels of serum lipids? A controlled clinical study. Am J Med, 94: 632-635.
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Johnson J, Decker S, Zaharevitz D, Rubinstein L, Venditti J, Schepartz S, Kalyandrug S, Christian M, Arbuck S, Hollingshead M. 2001.Relationships between drug activity in NCI preclinical in vitro and in vivo models and early clinical trials. Br J Canc, 84:1424.
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Kuliczkowski W, Witkowski A, Polonski L, Watala C, Filipiak K, Budaj A, Golanski J, Sitkiewicz D, Pregowski J. Gorski J. 2009. Interindividual variability in the response to oral antiplatelet drugs: a position paper of the Working Group on antiplatelet drugs resistance appointed by the Section of Cardiovascular Interventions of the Polish Cardiac Society, endorsed by the Working Group on Thrombosis of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J, 30: 426-435.
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Kushner FG, Hand M, Smith SC, King SB, Anderson JL, Antman EM, Bailey SR, Bates ER, Blankenship JC, Casey DE. 2009. focused updates: ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (updating the 2004 guideline and 2007 focused update) and ACC/AHA/SCAI guidelines on percutaneous coronary intervention (updating the 2005 guideline and 2007 focused update): a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol, 54: 2205-2241.
14
Lau BH, Adetumbi MA, Sanchez A. 1983. Allium sativum (garlic) and atherosclerosis: a review. Nutr Res, 3: 119-128.
15
Lawson LD, Ransom DK, Hughes BG. 1992. Inhibition of whole blood platelet-aggregation by compounds in garlic clove extracts and commercial garlic products. Thromb Res, 65: 141-156.
16
Longo D, Fauci A, Kasper D, Hauser S. 2011. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18, New York, McGraw-Hill Professional.
17
Makheja A, Bailey J. 1990. Antiplatelet constituents of garlic and onion. Agents actions, 29: 360-363.
18
Schaffer EM, Liu JZ, Green J, Dangler CA, Milner JA. 1996. Garlic and associated allyl sulfur components inhibit N-methyl-N-nitrosourea induced rat mammary carcinogenesis. Canc Lett, 102: 199-204.
19
Scharbert G, Kalb ML.,Duris M, Marschalek C, Kozek-Langenecker SA. 2007. Garlic at dietary doses does not impair platelet function. Anesth Analg, 105: 1214-1218.
20
Sendl A. 1995. Allium sativum and Allium ursinum: Part 1 Chemistry, analysis, history, botany. Phytomedicine, 1: 323-339.
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Srivastava K. 1993. Antiplatelet principles from a food spice clove (Syzgiumaromaticum L). Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, 48: 363-372.
22
Steiner M, Li W. 2001. Aged garlic extract, a modulator of cardiovascular risk factors: a dose-finding study on the effects of AGE on platelet functions. J Nutr, 131: 980S-984S.
23
Wagner H, Wierer M, Fessler B. 1987. Effects of garlic constituents on arachidonate metabolism. Planta Med, 53: 305-306.
24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of acute and sub-acute toxicity of Pinus eldarica bark extract in Wistar rats
Objective: Pinus eldarica (P. eldarica) is one of the most common pines in Iran which has various bioactive constituents and different uses in traditional medicine. Since there is no documented evidence for P. eldarica safety, the acute and sub-acute oral toxicities of hydroalcoholic extract of P. eldarica bark were investigated in male and female Wistar rats in this study. Materials and Methods: In the acute study, a single dose of extract (2000 mg/kg) was orally administered and animals were monitored for 7 days. In the sub-acute study, repeated doses (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg/day) of the extract were administered for 28 days and biochemical, hematological and histopathological parameters were evaluated. Results: Our results showed no sign of toxicity and no mortality after single or repeated administration of P. eldarica. The median lethal dose (LD50) of P. eldarica was determined to be higher than 2000 mg/kg. The mean body weight and most of the biochemical and hematological parameters showed normal levels. There were only significant decreases in serum triglyceride levels at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg of the extract in male rats (pConclusion: Oral administration of the hydroalcoholic extract of P. eldarica bark may be considered as relatively non-toxic particularly at the doses of 125 and 250 mg/kg.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_6706_62a47ae6331350f3e08c8dde58be32ee.pdf
2016-09-01
558
566
10.22038/ajp.2016.6706
Pinus eldarica
Toxicity
Hematology
Serum biochemistry
Histopathology
Akram
Ghadirkhomi
ghdrkhm@yahoo.com
1
Department of Pharmacology, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza Branch, Shahreza, Iran
AUTHOR
Leila
Safaeian
leila_safaeian@pharm.mui.ac.ir
2
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Behzad
Zolfaghari
behzadz@gmail.com
3
Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Reza
Aghaye-Ghazvini
mr-ghazvini@farabi.tums.ac.ir
4
Isfahan Center of Public Health Training and Research, Institute of Public Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Science, Iran
AUTHOR
Parisa
Rezaei
lsafaeian@yahoo.com
5
Department of Pathology, Seyed-Al-Shohada Hospital, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Afsharypour S, Sanaty F. 2005. Essential oil constituents of leaves and fruits of Pinus eldarica Medw. J Essential oil Res, 17: 327-328.
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Aschwanden C. 2001. Herbs for health, but how safe are they? Bull World Health Organ, 79: 691-692.
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Bolandghamat S, Moghimi A, Iranshahi M. 2011. Effects of ethanolic extract of pine needles (Pinus eldarica Medw.) on reserpine-induced depression-like behavior in male Wistar rats. Pharmacogn Mag, 7: 248-253.
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Farah-Amna O, Nooraain H, Noriham A, Azizah AH, Nurul-Husna R. 2013. Acute and oral subacute toxicity study of ethanolic extract of Cosmos caudatus leaf in Sprague Dawley rats. Int J Biosci Biochem Bioinforma, 3: 301-305.
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30
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31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The effect of nano-curcumin on HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, and lipid profile in diabetic subjects: a randomized clinical trial
Objective: Diabetes mellitus is defined as a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both or insulin resistance. Curcumin inhibits NF-κB signaling pathway. The aim of this study is evaluation of the effect of Nano-curcumin on HbA1C, fast blood glucose and lipid profile in diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: Seventy type-2 diabetic patients (fasting blood glucose (FBG) ≥ 126 mg/dL or 2-hr postprandial blood glucose ≥200 mg/dl) randomly receivedeither Curcumin (as nano-micelle 80 mg/day) or placebo for 3 months in a double blind randomized clinical trial. Fasting blood glucose, HbA1C, and lipids profile were checked before and after the intervention. Data analyses, including parametric and nonparametric tests were done using the SPSS 11.5 software. A p value < 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. (RCT registration code: IRCT2013081114330N1) Results: Mean age, BMI, FBG, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), LDL, HDL, HbA1c , and sex and had no significant difference at the baseline between the groups. In Nano-curcumin group, a significant decrease was found in HbA1C, FBG, TG, and BMI comparing results of each subject before and after the treatment (p<0.05). By comparing pre- and post-treatment values among the groups, HbA1c, eAG, LDL-C, and BMI variables showed significant differences (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest an HbA1c lowering effect for Nano-curcumin in type-2 diabetes; also, it is partially decrease in serum LDL-C and BMI.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_6761_be0998e76887a36c2c29345d61f818e6.pdf
2016-09-01
567
577
10.22038/ajp.2016.6761
Curcumin
HbA1c
Fast blood glucose
lipid profile
Hamid Reza
Rahimi
rahimihr@mums.ac.ir
1
Student Research Committee, Department of Modern Sciences & Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Amir Hooshang
Mohammadpour
mohamadpoorah@mums.ac.ir
2
Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mostafa
Dastani
dastanim@mums.ac.ir
3
Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahmoud Reza
Jaafari
jafarimr@mums.ac.ir
4
Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran Biotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Khali
Abnous
abnouskh@mums.ac.ir
5
Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Majid
Ghayour Mobarhan
ghayourm@mums.ac.ir
6
Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Reza
Kazemi Oskuee
oskueekr@mums.ac.ir
7
Department of Medical Biotechnology, Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Aggarwal BB, Harikumar KB. 2009. Potential therapeutic effects of curcumin, the anti-inflammatory agent, against neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, pulmonary, metabolic, autoimmune and neoplastic diseases. Int J Biochem Cell Biol, 41: 40-59.
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44
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of flavonoids from Martynia annua and Tephrosia purpurea on cutaneous wound healing
Objective: Martynia annua L. (M. annua), (Martyniaccae) has been traditionally used in the treatment of epilepsy, sore throat and inflammatory disorders. The leaf paste is used topically on Tuberculosis of the lymphatic glands and wounds of domestic animals. Tephrosia purpurea (T. purpurea), (Fabaceae) has been used traditionally as a remedy for asthma, gonorrhea, rheumatism and ulcers. This study aimed to evaluate the potential wound healing effects of different fractions ofethanol extract of M. annua leaves and aerial parts of T. purpurea. Materials and Methods: Methanol fraction of M. annua (MAF-C) and ethyl acetate fraction of T. purpurea (TPF-A) were evaluated for healing potential in dead-space and burn wound models. An ointment (5% w/w) of MAF-C and TPF-A, pongamol (0.2 and 0.5% w/w) and luteolin (0.2 and 0.5% w/w) was applied topically twice a day. The effects were compared with Povidone Iodine ointment with respect to protein, collagen content, enzymatic assay and histopathological finding of granuloma tissues. Results: Ethanol extracts of M. annua and T. purpureawere exhibited total flavonoid contents of 126.2 ± 4.69 and 171.6 ± 6.38 mg (quercetin equivalent), respectively. HPLC fingerprinting confirmed the presence of luteolin in M. annua and quercetin in T. purpurea. TPF-A and MAF-C ointments (5% w/w) significantly increases the hydroxyproline and protein contents. Luteolin and pongamol ointments were also found to be effective in both wound models. Conclusion: Our findings suggested that 5% w/w ointment of TPF-A and MAF-C fractions were more effective than isolated flavonoids in wound healing which may be due to synergistic interactions between the flavonoids and other constituents.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_6760_7a4e912759a2aa5734383791db4a4ac0.pdf
2016-09-01
578
591
10.22038/ajp.2016.6760
Martynia annua
Tephrosia purpurea
Povidone Iodine ointment
Burn wound
Luteolin
Dead space wound
Santram
Lodhi
srlodhi78@gmail.com
1
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Dr. H. S. Gour University,
Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
AUTHOR
Avijeet
Jain
avijeet_9826275340@rediffmail.com
2
Department of Pharmacy
RKDF University, Bhopal
Madhya Pradesh, India-462033
AUTHOR
Alok Pal
Jain
dralokpaljain@gmail.com
3
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ramdas Khalsa Institute of Science & Technology, Kukrikheda, Barela, Jabalpur (M.P.), India
AUTHOR
Rajesh
Pawar
rajeshabc14@rediffmail.com
4
Department of Pharmacognosy,
VNS Institute of Pharmacy, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
AUTHOR
Abhay Kumar
Singhai
abhayksinghai@yahoo.co.in
5
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Dr. H. S. Gour University,
Sagar, M.P., 470003. India
LEAD_AUTHOR
Agarwal PK, Singh A, Gaurav K, Goel S, Khanna HD, Goel RK. 2009. Evaluation of wound healing activity of extracts of plantain banana (Musa sapientum var. paradisiaca) in rats. Indian J Exp Biol, 47: 32-40.
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