Mashhad University of Medical SciencesAvicenna Journal of Phytomedicine2228-79304320140501The effect of hydroalcoholic extract and essential oil of Heracleum persicum on lipid profile in cholesterol-fed rabbits144150227410.22038/ajp.2014.2274ENValiollah HajhashemiDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I. R. Iran0000-0001-5783-2324Gholamreza DashtiDepartment of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I. R. IranSalabali SaberiDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I. R. IranParvin MalekjamshidiDepartment of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I. R. IranJournal Article20130811Objective: This study was designed to investigate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract and essential oil of <em>Heracleum persicum</em> (Apiaceae) on lipid profile of male hyperlipidemic rabbits. <br/>Materials and Methods: Thirty rabbits were randomly divided into six groups of five each. One group received normal diet and the other groups fed with a high cholesterol (2% W/W) diet for 7 weeks. Vehicle, hydroalcoholic extract (500 and 1000 mg/kg), essential oil (200 ml/kg), and lovastatin (5 mg/kg) were administered orally to animals and their effects on lipid profile were evaluated. <br/>Results: Essential oil of <em>H. perscum</em> significantly (p<0.05) lowered serum triglyceride level and increased HDL-cholesterol concentration. Moreover, hydroalcoholic extract (1000 mg/kg), essential oil (200 ml/kg), and lovastatin significantly (p<0.01) reduced serum concentration of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol. <br/>Conclusion: These findings suggest that essential oil of the plant fruits may have some benefits in reducing cardiovascular risk factors.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesAvicenna Journal of Phytomedicine2228-79304320140501Evaluation of anti-urolithiatic effect of aqueous extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) leaves using ethylene glycol-induced renal calculi151159197410.22038/ajp.2014.1974ENApexa Bhanuprasad ShuklaDepartment of Pharmacology, Government Medical College and Sir Takhtsinhji General Hospital, Bhavnagar-364001 (Gujarat), IndiaHospital, Bhavnagar-364001 (Gujarat), IndiaDivyesh Rasikbhai MandaviaDepartment of Pharmacology, Government Medical College and Sir Takhtsinhji General Hospital, Bhavnagar-364001 (Gujarat), IndiaManish Jasmatbhai BarvaliyaDepartment of Pharmacology, Government Medical College and Sir Takhtsinhji General Hospital, Bhavnagar-364001 (Gujarat), IndiaSeema Natvarlal BaxiDepartment of Pathology, Government Medical College and Sir Takhtsinhji General Hospital, Bhavnagar-364001 (Gujarat), IndiaChandrabhanu Rajkishore TripathiDepartment of Pharmacology, Government Medical College and Sir Takhtsinhji General Hospital, Bhavnagar-364001 (Gujarat), IndiaJournal Article20130528Objective: To investigate the anti-urolithiatic effect of aqueous extract of leaves of <em>Bryophyllum pinnatum</em> (<em>B. pinnatum</em>) on ethylene glycol-induced renal calculi. <br/>Materials and Methods: Thirty-six <em>Wistar</em> male rats were randomly divided into six equal groups. group A animals received distilled water for 28 days. Group B to group F animals received 1% v/v ethylene glycol in distilled water for 28 days and group B served as ethylene glycol control. Groups C and D (preventive groups) received aqueous extract of leaves of <em>B. pinnatum</em> 50 and 100 mg/kg intraperitoneally, respectively for 28 days. Groups E and F (treatment groups) received aqueous extract of leaves of <em>B. pinnatum</em> 50 and 100 mg/kg intraperitoneally, respectively from 15<sup>th</sup> to 28<sup>th</sup> day. On days 0 and 28, 24 hrs urine samples were collected for urinary volume and urinary oxalate measurement. On day 28, blood was collected for serum creatinine and blood urea level monitoring. All animals were sacrificed and kidneys were removed, weighed, and histopathologically evaluated for calcium oxalate crystals deposition. <br/>Results: Administration of aqueous extract of leaves of <em>B. pinnatum</em> reduced urine oxalate level significantly, as compared with Group B (p<0.001). Serum creatinine and blood urea level were improved significantly in all aqueous extract of leaves of <em>B. pinnatum</em>-treated groups. Relative kidney weight and calcium oxalate depositions were found significantly reduced in animals received ABP as compared with Group B (p<0.001). <br/>Conclusion: <em>B. pinnatum </em>is effective in prevention and treatment of ethylene glycol-induced urolithiasis.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesAvicenna Journal of Phytomedicine2228-79304320140501Treatment of hypercholesterolemia: screening of Solanum macrocarpon Linn (Solanaceae) as a medicinal plant in Benin160169220810.22038/ajp.2014.2208ENTamègnon Victorien DougnonLaboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Interfaculty Center of Formation and Research in Environment for the Sustainable Development, University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 01 PO Box 1463 Cotonou, Benin0000-0001-9047-7299Honoré Sourou BankoléLaboratory of Research in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 PO Box 2009 Cotonou, BeninJean Robert KlotoéLaboratory of Research in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 PO Box 2009 Cotonou, BeninMaximin SènouLaboratory of Research in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 PO Box 2009 Cotonou, BeninLauris FahLaboratory of Research in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 PO Box 2009 Cotonou, BeninHornel KoudokponLaboratory of Research in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 PO Box 2009 Cotonou, BeninCasimir AkpoviLaboratory of Research in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 PO Box 2009 Cotonou, BeninTossou Jacques DougnonLaboratory of Research in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 PO Box 2009 Cotonou, BeninPhyllis AddoDepartment of Animal Experimentation, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), University of Ghana, PO Box LG 581 Legon, GhanaFrédéric LokoLaboratory of Research in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 PO Box 2009 Cotonou, BeninMichel BokoLaboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Interfaculty Center of Formation and Research in Environment for the Sustainable Development, University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 01 PO Box 1463 Cotonou, BeninJournal Article20130711Objective: Hypercholesterolemia is the greatest risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The present study is conducted to evaluate the lipid lowering activity of leaves and fruits of <em>Solanum macrocarpon, </em>a vegetable, on Wistar rats experimentally rendered hypercholesterolemic by Triton X-100. <br/>Materials and Methods: The leaves and fruits were administered (p.o.) for 7 days to rats at doses of 400 and 800 mg/kg of body weight. Atorvastatin was used as reference treatment drug. The data were analyzed by the Brown-Forsythe ANOVA, Dunnett’s T3 multiple comparison test, and Dunnett’s t test. All tests were done at the 5% significance level. <br/>Results: Administration of <em>S. macrocarpon</em> (fruits as well as leaves) resulted in a statistically significant decrease in total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides in the treated groups compared with the untreated hypercholesterolemic group, regardless of the administrated doses. A significant increase in HDL-cholesterol was observed in the treated groups. Hepatic disorders due to the Triton have been corrected by <em>S. macrocarpon</em>. <br/>Conclusions: This vegetable effectively suppresses experimental hypercholesterolemia in Wistar rats, suggesting a protective role in cardiovascular diseases. Its use by individuals at risk should be promoted.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesAvicenna Journal of Phytomedicine2228-79304320140501Silymarin attenuates mycophenolate mofetil-induced duodenal disorders in rats170181155810.22038/ajp.2014.1558ENHassan MalekinejadDepartment of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, I. R. IranSanaz SheikhzadehDepartment of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, I. R. IranRahim HobbenaghiDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran, I. R. IranJournal Article20130608Objective: The protective effect of silymarin (SMN) on mycophenolate mofetil (MMF)–induced duodenal disorders was investigated. <br/>Materials and Methods: Forty-two Wistar rats were assigned to seven groups including control and test groups. The control animals received saline and the test animals were treated with MMF (30 mg/kg, orally) and saline, MMF and SMN (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, orally), MMF and Celecoxib (CLX, 50 mg/kg, orally), and MMF and SMN plus CLX for 14 consecutive days. The antioxidant status and myeloperoxidase activity were determined and the histopathological examinations on duodenal section also were performed. <br/>Results: Biochemical analyses revealed that SMN and CLX individually and in combination therapy could reduce the MMF-increased nitric oxide (NO) content, myeloperoxidase (MPA) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) level, while the MMF-reduced level of total thiol molecules (TTM) was increased significantly (p<0.05) by given compounds. Concurrent administration of SMN and CLX resulted in a synergistic effect on the reduction of MDA level and MPO activity. SMN and CLX were able to improve the MMF-induced histopathological damages including the villus atrophy and inflammatory cells infiltration. <br/>Conclusion: Our data suggest that the MMF-induced duodenal disorders may attribute to the elevated NO and MDA levels and myeloperoxidase activity that resulted in pathological injuries. Moreover, the biochemical alterations and histopathological injuries due to MMF administration were reduced by SMN alone or in combination with CLX indicating its protective effect. <br/> Mashhad University of Medical SciencesAvicenna Journal of Phytomedicine2228-79304320140501Mineral elements and essential oil contents of Scutellaria luteo-caerulea Bornm. & Snit.182190186310.22038/ajp.2014.1863ENMohammad NikbinDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchistan, Zahedan, I. R. IranNasrin KazemipourDepartment of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I. R. IranMalek Taher MaghsoodlouDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchistan, Zahedan, I. R. IranJafar ValizadehDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchistan, Zahedan,I. R. IranMasood SepehrimaneshDepartment of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I. R. IranAmene DavarimaneshDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchistan, Zahedan, I. R. IranJournal Article20130729Objective: <em>Scutellaria luteo-caerulea Bornm. & Snit. </em>is one of the species of genus <em>Scutellaria</em>, within the family of the <em>Lamiaceae</em>, that is used for immune system stimulation and antibacterial effects in traditional medicine in Iran. The aims of this study were to analyze essential oils and mineral element contents of leaves of <em>S. luteo-caerulea</em> in flowering stage of development. <br/>Materials and Methods: The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation of the leaves of <em>S. luteo-caerulea and </em>were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Moreover, microwave digestion with atomic absorption spectrophotometry were used for the mineral elements assay. <br/>Results: Ninety-seven constituents were detected. Between them, the major components were trans-caryophyllene (25.4%), D-germacrene (7.9%), and linalool (7.4%). Determination of mineral elements showed that the highest minerals were Ca<sup>2+</sup> (65.14±1.95 µg/ml) and K<sup>+</sup> (64.67±3.10 µg/ml). <br/>Conclusion: Presence of different essential oils and rich sources of Ca<sup>2+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup> candidate this plant as an auxiliary medication in different diseases, but more complementary researches are needed about its potency and side effects.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesAvicenna Journal of Phytomedicine2228-79304320140501Chemical composition of essential oil and anti trichomonas activity of leaf, stem, and flower of Rheum ribes L. extracts191199196810.22038/ajp.2014.1968ENForough NaemiDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran,Gholamreza AsghariIsfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I. R IranHossein YousofiDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR IranHossein Ali YousefiDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR IranJournal Article20131014Objectives: Trichomoniasis is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases in humans and is caused by the protozoan <em>Trichomonas vaginalis</em>. Nowadays, increasing resistance to drugs such as metronidazole resulted in many problem, so new effective remedies are needed. In this study, we evaluate constituents of essential oil and anti-trichomonas activity of <em>Rheum ribes</em>. <br/>Materials and Methods: The essential oil from <em>Rheum ribes</em> L.flower growing wild in Iran was analyzed by GC/MS. The parasites were treated with different extract and fractions of the flower, stem, and leave of the plant. Anti-trichomonas activity was evaluated using an <em>in vitro</em> assay. <br/>Results: In all, 19 compounds were identified; palmitic acid [27.08%], n-eicosane [9.9%], n-tetracosane [7.34%], linoleic acid [6.56%], and ethyl linoleate [4.76%] were the main components of the oil.<em> Rheum ribes</em> extracts and fractions concentration dependently inhibited the ability of parasites to growth. This was associated with polarity of solvent used for fractionation and plant parts used for extraction. <br/>Conclusion: Findings demonstrate the potential of <em>Rheum ribes</em> extracts as an anti-trichomonas agent for human use. Further studies are required to evaluate its toxicity and safety. <br/> Mashhad University of Medical SciencesAvicenna Journal of Phytomedicine2228-79304320140501Chemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant profile of essential oil from Murraya koenigii (L.) leaves200214256410.22038/ajp.2014.2564ENMini Priya RajendranDepartment of Biotechnology, EDU-TECH Research Centre, EDU-TECH Educational and Research Institute, Melpuram, Pacode Post, Kanyakumari District, Tamilnadu, India – 629168.Blessed Beautlin PallaiyanDepartment of Biotechnology, Udaya College of Arts and Science, Udaya Nagar, Vellamodi, Kanyakumari District, Tamilnadu, India.Nija SelvarajDepartment of Biotechnology, Udaya College of Arts and Science, Udaya Nagar, Vellamodi, Kanyakumari District, Tamilnadu, India.Journal Article20130608Objective: This study is designed to extract and examine chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the hydro-distillated essential oil of <em>Murraya koenigii</em> leaves from the south region of Tamilnadu, India. <br/>Matherials and Methods: Gas Chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the essential oil result was indicates the 33 different compounds representing 97.56 % of the total oil. <br/>Results: Major compounds detected in the oil were Linalool (32.83%), Elemol (7.44%), Geranyl acetate (6.18%), Myrcene (6.12%), Allo-Ocimene (5.02), α-Terpinene (4.9%), and (E)-β-Ocimene (3.68%) and Neryl acetate (3.45%). From the identified compounds, they were classified into four groups that are oxygenated monoterpenes (72.15%), monoterpene hydrocarbons (11.81%), oxygenated sesquiterpenes (10.48%) and sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons (03.12%). The antibacterial activity of essential oil has pronounced by Disc Diffusion Method against various pathogenic microbes. <br/>Conclusion: The oil has a maximum zone of inhibition ability against <em>Corynebacterium tuberculosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pyogenes, Klebsiella pneumonia</em> and <em>Enterobacter aerogenes.</em> The antioxidant profile of the sample was determined by different test systems. In all the systems, essential oil showed a strongest activity profile within the concentration range.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesAvicenna Journal of Phytomedicine2228-79304320140501Preliminary pharmacological activity of the methanolic extract of Premna integrifolia barks in rats215224233110.22038/ajp.2014.2331ENHajera KhatunDepartment of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, BangladeshRajib MajumderDepartment of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, BangladeshEfte Kharul AlamDepartment of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, BangladeshAl MamunDepartment of Pharmacy, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, BangladeshSafkath Ibne JamiDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, BangladeshBadrul AlamDepartment of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, BangladeshJournal Article20130904Objective: <em>Premna integrifolia </em>Linn (Family: Verbenaceae) synonym of <em>Premna serratifolia</em> has tremendous medicinal value. Preliminary pharmacological studies were performed on the methanolic extract of <em>Premna integrifolia </em>(MEPI) bark to investigate neuropharmacological, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activities. <br/>Materials and methods: Neuropharmacology study was done by open field and hole cross test whereas acetic acid writhing test and formalin induced pain was done for analgesic activity of MEPI. Carrageenan induced inflammatory model was considered for anti-inflammatory activity evaluation. <br/>Results: A statistically significant (p<0.05) decrease in locomotor activity was observed at all doses in the open-field and hole-cross tests. The extract significantly (p<0.05) and dose dependently reduced the writhing reflex in the acetic acid-induced writhing test as well as licking response in the formalin induced inflammatory pain. At 200 mg/kg body weight dose, MEPI showed 71.16% inhibition in carrageenan induced anti-inflammatory activity. <br/>Conclusion: The finding of this study suggests that MEPI will provide scientific support for the use of this species in traditional medicine.