Mashhad University of Medical SciencesAvicenna Journal of Phytomedicine2228-79309520190901Gastro-protective effect of Biebersteinia multifida root hydro-methanolic extract in rats with ethanol-induced peptic ulcer4104181290210.22038/ajp.2019.12902ENMahdi RaeesiDivision of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, IranNarges Eskandari-RoozbahaniDivision of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, IranTahoora ShomaliDivision of Pharmacology and Toxicology, department of basic sciences, school of veterinary medicine, shiraz university, shiraz, iran0000000259547815Journal Article20180627<strong><span style="font-size: medium;">Objective:</span></strong><span style="font-size: medium;"> <em>Biebersteinia multifida</em></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> is one of the native plants of Iran and its root is used in folk medicine. This study aimed to evaluate the gastro-protective effect of the hydro-methanolic extract of this plant's roots against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats. </span><br /> <strong><span style="font-size: medium;">Materials and Methods:</span></strong><span style="font-size: medium;"> The following five groups of seven rats were included in this study: control (C), gastric ulcer (GU), control omeprazole (CO) and two treatment groups (the latter 3 groups were rats with gastric ulcer that orally received omeprazole, 20 mg/kg, or the root extract at 150 and 300 mg/kg (BM 150</span><span style="font-size: medium;">and BM 300, respectively) 1 hour before ulcer induction). One hour after ulcer induction, blood sampling was performed and after sacrificing animals, the stomachs were immediately removed. Gastric mucosal injury was studied grossly to determine the number and area of gastric ulcers. The level of nitric oxide (NO) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in gastric mucosa as well as serum TNF-α were determined. </span><br /> <strong><span style="font-size: medium;">Results:</span></strong><span style="font-size: medium;"> In GU group, severe mucosal injuries were observed (p<span style="font-size: medium;">The lesions in CO and treatment groups were much milder than GU group by regarding ulcer area and number (p<span style="font-size: medium;"> </span><span style="font-size: medium;">In treated (BM 150 and BM 300) groups, the gastric mucosal TAC and NO level were significantly higher than GU group (p<br /> <strong><span style="font-size: medium;">Conclusion:</span></strong><span style="font-size: medium;"> <em>B. multifida </em></span><span style="font-size: medium;">possesses gastro-protective effects against ethanol-induced ulcer model; this effect is at least partly related to plant’s antioxidant and NO production accelerating properties.</span></span></span></span>Mashhad University of Medical SciencesAvicenna Journal of Phytomedicine2228-79309520190901Effects of saffron (Crocus sativus) on sexual dysfunction among men and women: A systematic review and meta-analysis4194271268610.22038/ajp.2019.12686ENHossein RanjbarDepartment of nursing, school of nursing and midwifery,Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran0000-0002-8755-3761Akram AshrafizavehDepartment of midwifery, school of nursing and midwifery, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, IranJournal Article20181213<strong><span style="font-size: medium;">Objective: </span></strong><span style="font-size: medium;">This systematic review and meta-analysis study evaluated the effect of saffron (<em>Crocus sativus</em></span><span style="font-size: medium;">) on sexual dysfunction and its subscales (dimensions) among men and women.</span><br /> <span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>Material and Methods: </strong>PubMed/Medline, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, as well as Scientific Information Database (www.SID.ir) and Magiran (as Persian databases) were searched without any time and language restrictions. Statistical pooling was done using the random effects model.</span><br /> <span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 5 studies comprising 173 participants were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The analysis showed a statistically significant positive effect of saffron on sexual dysfunction (Std diff in means=0.811; 95% CI, 0.356–1.265) and its subscales (Std diff in means=0.493; 95% CI, 0.261–0.724). Heterogeneity indexes such as Cochran Q index and </span> <span style="font-size: medium;"> </span><span style="font-size: medium;">indicated a heterogeneity among the included studies (Q=9:981, df:4, (p=0.041),</span><span style="font-size: medium;">I</span><sup><span style="font-size: small;">2</span></sup><span style="font-size: medium;">=59.92%). There was no evidence of publication bias in these studies.</span><br /> <span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In general, saffron was proven effective in improving sexual dysfunction and its subscales among participants; this effect was different on different dimensions of sexual dysfunction. Further studies are required to extend these initial findings.</span>Mashhad University of Medical SciencesAvicenna Journal of Phytomedicine2228-79309520190901Curcumin effects on myeloperoxidase, interleukin-18 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 inflammatory biomarkers in patients with unstable angina: A randomized clinical trial4284351264410.22038/ajp.2019.12644ENAmir Hooshang Mohammad PourDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.Mostafa DastaniDepartment of Cardiology, Ghaem Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.Roshanak SalariDepartment of Clinical Persian Pharmacy, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.0000-0003-4690-7823Sohrab RadbinPharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.Soghra MehriDepartment of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranMaryam GhorbaniDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Asieh KarimaniDepartment of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.Masoumeh SalariDepartment of Internal Medicine, Ghaem Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.0000-0002-3443-6158Journal Article20170919<strong><span style="font-size: medium;">Objective:</span></strong><span style="font-size: medium;"> Inflammation along with oxidative stress plays an important role in the development, progression, instability and rupture of coronary atherosclerotic plaques. Several studies introduced curcumin (diferuloylmethane) as a wonderful chemical in <em>Curcuma longa</em></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> (turmeric) with appropriate anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The effect of curcumin on inflammatory biomarkers was assessed in several clinical trials. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of curcumin on three pro-inflammatory biomarkers in patients with unstable angina.</span><br /> <span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> Forty patients with unstable angina who met the inclusion criteria, participated in this double-blind randomized clinical trial. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. The patients in the treatment group received nanocurcumin 80 mg per day for 5 days and the control group received placebo 80 mg per day for five days. Blood samples were obtained before the administration, and also 1, 2 and 4 days after taking the treatment. Serum concentrations of </span><span style="font-size: medium;">Myeloperoxidase (MPO), </span><span style="font-size: medium;">matrix metalloproteinase-9 </span>(<span style="font-size: medium;">MMP-9) and interleukin 18</span> (<span style="font-size: medium;">IL-18) biomarkers were measured by ELISA.</span><br /> <span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>Results:</strong> There was no significant difference in concentration of these biomarkers before the administration and 1, 2 and 4 days after the start of the trial, between the two groups; however, the concentration of IL-18 on the first day significantly varied between the groups.</span><br /> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Based on the findings of this study, administration of nanocurcumin capsules at the dose of 80 mg per day for 5 days, did not significantly decrease inflammatory biomarkers in patients with unstable angina.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesAvicenna Journal of Phytomedicine2228-79309520190901Effects of saffron on homocysteine, and antioxidant and inflammatory biomarkers levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized double-blind clinical trial4364451285410.22038/ajp.2019.12854ENHajieh ShahbazianDiabetes Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.Armaghan Moravej AlealiDiabetes Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.0000-0002-0694-0656Reza AmaniDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition & Food Science, Food security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.Foroogh NamjooyanDepartment of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.0000-0002-3171-479xBahman CheraghianDepartment of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.Seyed Mhmoud LatifiDiabetes Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.Sara BahrainianAerosol Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Ataallah GhadiriCellular and molecular research center, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.Journal Article20180804<span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>Objective:</strong> Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common health problems worldwide. Studies have shown that saffron and its derivatives may have therapeutic potentials in T2DM through reducing plasma glucose. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of saffron extract on serum anti-inflammatory and antioxidant variables in T2DM patients.</span><br /> <span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> This was a double-blind randomized clinical trial conducted on 64 T2DM patients. Participants received either 15 mg of saffron or placebo capsules (two pills per day) for 3 months Anthropometric indices, homocysteine, serum anti-inflammatory and antioxidant variables and dietary intake were assessed pre- and post-intervention. </span><br /> <span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>Results:</strong> After 3 months of treatment, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) increased significantly in both group (p<0.05). No significant differences were observed for total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA),highsensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and interleukin 10(IL-10) after the treatment period (p>0.05). Homocysteine decteased significantly in control group (p<0.05).</span><br /> <span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Our results showed no improvement in homocystein levels, antioxidant status and inflammatory biomarkers in T2DM patients after treatment with saffron. </span>Mashhad University of Medical SciencesAvicenna Journal of Phytomedicine2228-79309520190901Gummosin, a sesquiterpene coumarin from Ferula assa-foetida is preferentially cytotoxic to human breast and prostate cancer cell lines4464531259810.22038/ajp.2019.12598ENMilad IranshahiDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.AJA Cancer Epidemiology Research and Treatment Center (AJA- CERTC), AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Faegheh FarhadiDepartment of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.Babak PaknejadDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranParvin ZareianDepartment of Physiology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMehrdad IranshahiBiotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.Masoumeh KaramiBiochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Seyed Reza AbtahiDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.0000-0002-9863-5631Journal Article20181120<strong><span style="font-size: medium;">Objective:</span></strong><span style="font-size: medium;"> The present study was conducted to find cytotoxic compounds from oleo-gum-resin of <em>Ferula assa-foetida</em></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> (asafoetida).</span><br /> <strong><span style="font-size: medium;">Materials and Methods:</span></strong><span style="font-size: medium;"> A dichloromethane extract of asafoetida was subjected to different chromatography analyses (including column chromatography, preparative thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography) to isolate its bioactive sesquiterpene coumarins. The structures of isolated compounds were elucidated through </span><sup><span style="font-size: small;">1</span></sup><span style="font-size: medium;">H-NMR spectra interpretation and comparison with those reported in the literature. To measure the cytotoxic activity of pure compounds, a non-fluorescent substrate called resazurin (alamarBlue</span><sup><span style="font-size: small;">®</span></sup><span style="font-size: medium;">)</span><span style="font-size: medium;">was used in this study. Human breast and prostate cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and PC-3, respectively) and a normal human embryonic stem cell (NIH) were treated with different concentrations (50, 25, 12.5 and 6.25 µg/mL) of pure compounds.</span><br /> <strong><span style="font-size: medium;">Results:</span></strong><span style="font-size: medium;"> In this study, 10 sesquiterpene coumarins were isolated from oleo-gum-resin of <em>F. assa-foetida</em></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> and cytotoxic activity of 6 compounds was tested against MCF-7 and PC-3 cell lines and NIH cells. Badrakemin acetate (7), ferukrinone (8) and deacetyl kellerin (10) were found for the first time in the oleo-gum-resin of </span><em><span style="font-size: medium;">F. assa-foetida</span></em><span style="font-size: medium;">. Gummosin (4) showed moderate cytotoxic activity with IC</span><sub><span style="font-size: small;">50</span></sub><span style="font-size: medium;"> values of 30 and 32.1 µg/mL against PC-3 and MCF-7 cell lines, respectively. None of the isolated compounds showed toxicity against NIH as a normal human cell line. </span><br /> <span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The preferential cytotoxic activity of gummosin against cancer cell lines is reported for the first time in this study.</span>Mashhad University of Medical SciencesAvicenna Journal of Phytomedicine2228-79309520190901The anti-diabetic and antioxidant effects of a combination of Commiphora mukul, Commiphora myrrha and Terminalia chebula in diabetic rats4544641272110.22038/ajp.2019.12721ENReyhaneh SotoudehDivision of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.Mousa-al-reza HajzadehDivision of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.0000-0003-0086-6472Zahra GholamnezhadDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.0000-0001-6280-7246Azita AghaeePharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.Journal Article20190126<strong><span style="font-size: medium;">Objective:</span></strong><span style="font-size: medium;"> Effects of <em>Commiphora mukul</em></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> and </span><em><span style="font-size: medium;">Commiphora myrrha</span></em><span style="font-size: medium;"> ethanolic extracts and </span><em><span style="font-size: medium;">Terminalia chebula</span></em><span style="font-size: medium;"> hydro-ethanolic extract combination were evaluated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. </span><br /> <strong><span style="font-size: medium;">Materials and Methods:</span></strong><span style="font-size: medium;"> Male Wistar rats (n=48) were randomly assigned into: control; diabetic; diabetic+metformin (300 mg/kg); diabetic+dose 1 of herbal combination (438 mg/kg of <em>C. mukul</em></span><span style="font-size: medium;">+214 mg/kg of </span><em><span style="font-size: medium;">C. myrrha</span></em><span style="font-size: medium;">+857 mg/kg of </span><em><span style="font-size: medium;">T. chebula</span></em><span style="font-size: medium;">); diabetic+dose 2 (642 mg/kg of </span><em><span style="font-size: medium;">C. mukul</span></em><span style="font-size: medium;">+214 mg/kg of </span><em><span style="font-size: medium;">C. myrrha</span></em><span style="font-size: medium;">+642 mg/kg of </span><em><span style="font-size: medium;">T. chebula</span></em><span style="font-size: medium;">); and diabetic+dose 3 (857 mg/kg of </span><em><span style="font-size: medium;">C. mukul</span></em><span style="font-size: medium;">+438 mg/kg of </span><em><span style="font-size: medium;">C. myrrha</span></em><span style="font-size: medium;">+1714 mg/kg t of </span><em><span style="font-size: medium;">T. chebula</span></em><span style="font-size: medium;">). All treatments were given orally by gavage. Diabetes was induced by STZ (60 mg/kg, i.p.). At the end of study (day 28), blood glucose, insulin and lipid profile; as well as hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) and thiol content, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were determined. </span><br /> <span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>Results:</strong> In diabetic rats, plasma glucose, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and LDL-C, as well as hepatic MDA levels were elevated but plasma HDL-C and insulin, and hepatic thiol content and SOD and CAT activities were reduced compared to control (p<0.01-p<0.001). In diabetic+dose 3, plasma TC, TG, and LDL-C and hepatic MDA level decreased (p<0.001), while plasma HDL-C and insulin, and hepatic thiol content, and SOD and CAT activities increased compared to diabetic (p<0.01-p<0.001). Treatment with dose 1 and 2 improved such abnormalities in diabetic rats except for insulin level (p<0.05-p<0.001). The herbal combination effects were comparable to those of metformin. Metformin did not significantly change serum insulin and HDL-C levels, and hepatic SOD activity; however, serum levels of TC, TG, and LDL-C, as well as hepatic MDA levels, thiol content and CAT activity were improved compared to diabetic (p<0.05-p<0.001). </span><br /> <span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>Conclusion:</strong> These results indicate that this herbal combination acts as an anti-diabetic, antioxidant and hypolipidemic agent and it may be suggested as a beneficial remedy for diabetic patients.</span><br /> <br /> <strong><br clear="all" /> </strong>Mashhad University of Medical SciencesAvicenna Journal of Phytomedicine2228-79309520190901Zataria multiflora could improve hippocampal tau protein and TNFα levels and cognitive behavior defects in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease4654731283910.22038/ajp.2019.12839ENMohabbat AhmadiPhysiology division of Basic Science Department, School of Vet Med; Shiraz University, Shiraz—Iran0000-0001-7391-4418Mahnaz TaherianfardPhysiology division of Basic Science Department, School of Vet Med; Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.0000-0002-8819-1619Tahora ShomaliPharmacology division of Basic Science Department, School of Vet Med; Shiraz University, Shiraz—Iran0000-0002-5954-7815Journal Article20190116<strong>Objective:</strong> <em>Zataria multiflora</em> (ZM) is a plant with ethnopharmacological value which was recently tested to reduce symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of ZM essential oil on spatial cognitive and noncognitive behavior, as well as hippocampal tau protein and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) concentrations in rats with AD.<br /> <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> Thirty-five adult male Sprague Dawley rats (300±30 g) were randomly divided into 5 groups: control (intact rats); sham (received intracerebroventricular (ICV) microinjection of normal saline); AD control (rats with AD that did not receive any treatment); vehicle control (rats with AD that orally received tween-80, 5% (ZM essential oil vehicle) for 20 days) and experimental (rats with AD that orally received ZM essential oil 100 µl/kg/day for 20 days). AD was induced by bidirectional microinjection of β amyloid 1-42 (10 µg/2µl). Tau protein and TNFα concentrations were measured by ELISA methods. Spatial cognitive and noncognitive behavior were determined by Morris water maze (MWM) test.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> ZM essential oil significantly improved latency time, time spent in the target quarter and cognitive behavior of rats with AD compared to control and sham groups (p<0.05). Hippocampal tau protein and TNFα concentrations were significantly higher in both AD control and vehicle groups compared to control and sham groups respectively (p <strong>Conclusion:</strong> ZM essential oil improves spatial learning and memory of rats with AD as assessed by MWM test. These effects are associated with decreased concentrations of hippocampal tau protein and TNFα.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesAvicenna Journal of Phytomedicine2228-79309520190901Antimalarial activity of extract and fractions of Castanopsis costata (Blume) A.DC4744811318810.22038/ajp.2019.13188ENMaulana AlkandahriDepartment of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University0000-0003-3402-4265Afiat BerbudiDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Parasitology Division, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.Novi Vicahyani Utami UtamiDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Pharmacology Division, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.Anas SubarnasDepartment of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, West Java, Indonesia.Journal Article20190127<strong>Objective:</strong> One of the biggest health problems in the world, which occurs in more than 90 countries, is the spread of malaria. Cep-cepan leaves (<em>Castanopsis costata</em>), was empirically used as an antimalarial herb in North Sumatra. Since its use has not been scientifically studied, we investigated the antimalarial activity of extract and fractions of <em>C. costata</em> against <em>Plasmodium berghei</em> ANKA <em>(PbA)</em> in a mouse model.<br /> <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> This experimental study was conducted using 32 male Balb/C mice. PbA inoculation was performed intraperitoneally with 10<sup>6</sup> parasites/mouse. Immediately after parasitemia reach >2% (day 0), the mice were treated orally with daily artesunate (36.4 mg/kg/day) (positive control), ethanolic extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day), and the fractions of water, ethyl acetate and n-hexane (108 mg/kg/day each) for 5 consecutive days (from day 0 to 4). Parasitemia inhibition was observed to determine the antimalarial activity of each type of <em>C. costata</em> extract and fractions.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> The administration of <em>C. costata</em> leaves ethanolic extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the growth of <em>PbA </em>in Balb/C mice (42.66%, 66.2 1% and 80.99 % inhibition, respectively) (p<0.05). Similarly, all <em>C. costata</em> fractions also produced antimalarial activity against <em>PbA</em> with administration of the ethyl acetate fraction presenting the highest activity (79.85 % inhibition).<br /> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The <em>C. costata</em> leaves showed antimalarial activity against <em>P</em><em>bA</em>. However, further studies are necessary to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of this effect and the active compounds involved. Our current study revealed that <em>C.costata</em> could be a potential candidate to be used as a new antimalarial drug.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesAvicenna Journal of Phytomedicine2228-79309520190901Kiwifruit effect on adipose tissue cell size and cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene expression in high-fat diet fed Golden Syrian hamsters4824901336810.22038/ajp.2019.13368ENZahra ZaherijamilDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences; Hamadan, IranNarjes RezaeiStudents Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IranMohammad HashemniaDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah-Iran0000-0002-2899-4794Shirin MoradkhaniMedicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IranMassoud SaidijamResearch Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IranIraj KhodadadiNutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.0000-0001-9048-4528Ebrahim Abbasi OshaghiDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences; Hamadan, IranHeidar TavilaniDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences; Hamadan, Iran0000-0002-7243-660XJournal Article20190128<span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>Objective:</strong> The effects of kiwifruit on the histology and cell size of adipose tissue in hyperlipidemic models have not yet been reported. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of kiwifruit on the adipose tissue cell size and activity as well as the gene expression of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) in high-fat diet (HFD) fed hamsters. </span><br /> <span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> Forty-two male Syrian hamsters were divided into six groups. Control normal (CN) hamsters received normal diet, control HFD (CHF) were fed with a HFD plus a normal diet (15% butter fat + 0.05% cholesterol + a normal diet). Two groups were fed with normal diet including kiwifruit (1.86; Nd.1 or 3.73 g/kg; Nd.2) and two groups were fed with HFD including kiwifruit (1.86;HFd.1or 3.73 g/kg; HFd.2), for 8 weeks. </span><br /> <span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>Results:</strong> Histological examination of adipose tissue showed that the cell size was significantly reduced in the kiwifruit-treated groups (low and high dose) in comparison to their control groups (p<0.05). Kiwifruit supplementation (low and high dose) in normal and HFD groups significantly increased gene expression of CETP in adipose tissue. Kiwifruit had no significant effect on serum concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol and triglyceride. Although, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration increased in HFD-fed hamsters supplemented with 3.73 g/kg of kiwifruit (p<0.05).</span><br /> <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Kiwifruit consumption reduces the size of adipocytes and increases the expression of CETPgene in adipose tissue cells. Despite the increases in CETP expression in adipose tissue, its activity in serum was not changed following kiwifruit supplementation.