Mashhad University of Medical SciencesAvicenna Journal of Phytomedicine2228-79309420190701Potential angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors from Iranian traditional plants described by Avicenna’s Canon of Medicine2913091223310.22038/ajp.2019.12233ENZohreh KamraniDepartment of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.Behjat JavadiDepartment of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.Awallace HayesUniversity of South Florida College of Public Health, Tampa, FL USA and Michigan State University Institute for Integrative Toxicology, East Learning; MI USA.Gholamreza KarimiDepartment of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.0000000212735448Journal Article20180603<strong><span style="font-size: medium;">Objective: </span></strong><span style="font-size: medium;">Hypertension is an important cause of cardiovascular disorders. The angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) plays an important role in hypertension; therefore, inhibition of ACE in treatment of chronically elevated blood pressure is an important therapeutic approach. In the current review, we have provided information from Persian Traditional Plants described by Avicenna in the Canon of Medicine and a number of more current scientific databases, with a focus on angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activity of the following six plants: <em>Allium sativum, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Jasminum grandiflorum, Tribulus terrestris, Vaccinium myrtillus </em></span><span style="font-size: medium;">and </span><em><span style="font-size: medium;">Vitis vinifera</span></em><span style="font-size: medium;">.</span><br /> <span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>A literature search was conducted and information on different traditional plants used for hypertension was collected from the Canon of Medicine and several other databases including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and Web of Science.</span><br /> <strong><span style="font-size: medium;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-size: medium;">The present article highlights the antihypertensive potential of the above-noted six plants<em>. </em></span><span style="font-size: medium;">Administered doses, manner of consumption, types of extracts, preparations and derivatives, personal habits, and other geographic and epidemiologic variables have an important role in the potential efficacy of these plants.</span><br /> <span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Recent studies indicated a significant correlation between the traditional use of Persian plants to reduce blood pressure and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activity</span>.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesAvicenna Journal of Phytomedicine2228-79309420190701The effect of a natural vaginal product based on honey on the success of intrauterine insemination (IUI) in infertility treatment3103211258810.22038/ajp.2019.12588ENMaryam KavousiDepartment of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranNayereh KhademDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0003-1275-6262Mona Najaf NajafiClinical Research Unit, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranRoshanak MokaberinejadDepartment of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Zohre FeyzabadiDepartment of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.000000025748809xRoshanak SalariDepartment of pharmaceutical sciences in Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.0000-0003-4690-7823Journal Article20181013<strong>Objective:</strong> Due to high prevalence of infertility and increasing tendency towards complementary medicine, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of a vaginal natural product based on honey and 1% extract of <em>Myristica fragrans</em> on the extent of success of intrauterine insemination (IUI).<br /> <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> This non-randomized clinical trial study with a historic control group, was performed on infertile women. In this trial, 159 patients were assigned to the intervention group, and 288 patients were recruited to the control group. All the participants received clomiphene or letrozole from the third up to seventh day of menstruation, and on days 6, 7, and 8, they received human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) injections. IUI was performed 36 hours after human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) injection. In the intervention group, a natural vaginal product was used besides the above treatments, from menstruation day 7 until the day before performing IUI. Sixteen days after IUI, serum beta HCG was measured to investigate chemical pregnancy, and six weeks following IUI, vaginal sonography was performed to investigate clinical pregnancy.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> Analysis showed that the pregnancy rate was higher in the group that receiving the natural product compared to the control group. Chemical pregnancy rate was 18.1% vs. 15.4%, and clinical pregnancy rate was 15.2% vs. 13.8% for intervention and control groups, respectively; but, this difference was not significant.<br /> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> It seems that the use of this vaginal product for a longer period of time and across several menses cycles before IUI, may produce more positive results. Further studies, however, are needed to be done. Mashhad University of Medical SciencesAvicenna Journal of Phytomedicine2228-79309420190701The effect of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) supplementation on blood pressure, and renal and liver function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A double-blinded, randomized clinical trial3223331278510.22038/ajp.2019.12785ENFatemeh EbrahimiSkull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-7812-3017Naheed AryaeianDepartment of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-9662-8561Naseh PahlavaniDepartment of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranDavood AbbasiFaculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranAgha Fatemeh HosseiniDepartment of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranSoudabeh FallahDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranNariman MoradiDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, IranIraj HeydariDepartment of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20180823<strong><span style="font-size: medium;">Objective:</span></strong><span style="font-size: medium;"> Microalbuminuria and hypertension are the risk factors for diabetic nephropathy, and increased levels of liver enzymes are prevalent among diabetic patients. The aim of this research was to examine the effects of <em>Crocus sativus</em></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> supplementation on nephropathy indices, liver enzymes, and blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).</span><br /> <strong><span style="font-size: medium;">Materials and Methods:</span></strong><span style="font-size: medium;"> This placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial was performed among 80 T2D patients. Subjects were randomly assigned to either <em>Crocus sativus</em></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> (n = 40) or placebo (n = 40) groups and treated with </span><em><span style="font-size: medium;">C. sativus</span></em><span style="font-size: medium;"> and or placebo for 12 weeks, respectively. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), serum urea, creatinine, 24-hr urine albumin, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), physical activity, and dietary intakes were measured and blood samples were taken at baseline and after the 12</span><span style="font-size: medium;">‑week intervention to assess the differences between the two groups.</span><br /> <strong><span style="font-size: medium;">Results:</span></strong><span style="font-size: medium;"> <em>C. sativus</em></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> supplementation compared with the placebo resulted in a significant reduction of SBP (P<0.005). However, changes in other indices including liver enzymes, serum creatinine, serum urea, and 24-hr urine albumin, and DBP were not significantly different between the two groups (p>0.05). Also, no significant changes in dietary intakes and physical activity were seen between the two groups.</span><br /> <strong><span style="font-size: medium;">Conclusion:</span></strong><span style="font-size: medium;"> This report shows that daily supplementation with 100 mg <em>C. sativus</em></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> powder improved SBP. However, it did not considerably improve DBP, nephropathy indices and liver functions in T2D patients after 12 weeks of administration.</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span>Mashhad University of Medical SciencesAvicenna Journal of Phytomedicine2228-79309420190701Cytotoxic effects of auraptene against a human malignant glioblastoma cell line3343461238410.22038/ajp.2019.12384ENAmir R. AfshariDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranPharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0001-9989-9818Mostafa Karimi RoshanDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranMohammad SoukhtanlooDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0003-2145-125XAhmad GhorbaniPharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranFarzad RahmaniDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranMohammad Jalili-nikDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranMohammad Mahdi VahediHealth Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran0000-0002-2607-0715Azar HoseiniPharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranHamid R. SadeghniaDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranHamid MollazadehDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, IranSeyed Hadi MousaviMedical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0002-6467-7307Journal Article20180723<strong><span style="font-size: medium;">Objective:</span></strong><span style="font-size: medium;"> Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the deadliest type of primary brain tumors, and the survival of patients is estimated to be only about one year. This study, for the first time, investigated the cytotoxic effects of auraptene</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> on U87 GBM cell line.</span><br /> <strong><span style="font-size: medium;">Materials and Methods:</span></strong><span style="font-size: medium;"> The cellular toxicity was measured by the MTT assay following 24 and 48-hr treatment with different concentrations of auraptene</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> (0-400μg/ml). Apoptosis was evaluated by </span><span style="font-size: medium;">sub-G1 peak </span><span style="font-size: medium;">in cell cycle analysis of propidium-iodide- stained nuclei. Moreover, to determine the Ba</span><em><span style="font-size: medium;">x</span></em><span style="font-size: medium;">, </span><em><span style="font-size: medium;">Bcl-2</span></em><span style="font-size: medium;">, </span><em><span style="font-size: medium;">MCP-1</span></em><span style="font-size: medium;">, </span><em><span style="font-size: medium;">NF-κB</span></em><span style="font-size: medium;">, </span><em><span style="font-size: medium;">IL-1β</span></em><span style="font-size: medium;">, and </span><em><span style="font-size: medium;">p53</span></em><span style="font-size: medium;"> genes expression, we used real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). </span><br /> <strong><span style="font-size: medium;">Results:</span></strong><span style="font-size: medium;"> The results revealed that auraptene</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> reduced the viability of U87 cells concentration- and time-dependently with IC</span><sub><span style="font-size: small;">50</span></sub><span style="font-size: medium;"> values of 108.9 and 79.17μg/ml obtained for 24 and 48-hr treatments, respectively. Also, </span><span style="font-size: medium;">sub-G1</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> population was significantly increased following 24 (p<span style="font-size: medium;"> real-time RT-PCR</span> <span style="font-size: medium;">showed an up-regulation in <em>Bax</em></span><span style="font-size: medium;">, </span><em><span style="font-size: medium;">NF-κB</span></em><span style="font-size: medium;">, </span><em><span style="font-size: medium;">IL-1β</span></em><span style="font-size: medium;">, and </span><em><span style="font-size: medium;">p53</span></em><span style="font-size: medium;"> but a down-regulation in </span><em><span style="font-size: medium;">MCP-1</span></em><span style="font-size: medium;"> and </span><em><span style="font-size: medium;">Bcl-2</span></em><span style="font-size: medium;"> genes expression.</span><br /> <strong><span style="font-size: medium;">Conclusion:</span></strong><span style="font-size: medium;"> This study showed that auraptene</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> triggered apoptosis probably through Bax/Bcl-2 regulation, blocked cell cycle progression and inhibited proliferation in U87 GBM cells. Taken together, </span><span style="font-size: medium;">auraptene</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> can be utilized as an effective natural medicine against GBM, after complementary studies.</span></span>Mashhad University of Medical SciencesAvicenna Journal of Phytomedicine2228-79309420190701Effect of crocin on biochemical parameters, oxidative/antioxidative profiles, sperm characteristics and testicular histopathology in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats3473611259610.22038/ajp.2019.12596ENSeyed Mersad SefidgarStudent Research Committee, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, IranMahmood Ahmadi-hamedaniDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran0000-0002-8281-3720Ashkan Jebelli JavanDepartment of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, IranReza Narenji SaniDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran0000-0003-0281-799XAbbas Javaheri VayghanDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, IranJournal Article20181220<strong>Objective:</strong> Chronic hyperglycemia and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are strong predictors of the development of reproductive complications of diabetes. The present study was conducted to determine the effects of crocin on biochemical parameters, oxidative stress, and sperm characteristics as well as testes histopathology in diabetic rats.<br /> <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> Twenty-four rats were divided into the four groups as follows: control, untreated diabetic and two crocin (40 and 60 mg/kg/day)-treated diabetic groups. Diabetes was induced by injection of a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ, 60 mg/kg). Administration of crocin (intraperitoneally) was started three days after STZ injection and was continued until the 28<sup>th</sup> day. At the end of the experiment, rats were anesthetized after weighing. Blood samples and epididymal sperm were subsequently collected to measure biochemical parameters (glucose and lipid profile), total oxidant and antioxidant status (TOS and TAS, respectively), oxidative stress index (OSI), and sperm characteristics (count, motility, and viability); also, testes were dissected out for histopathology examination.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> Our result indicated that blood glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL cholesterol levels, as well as TOS, and OSI decreased, but body weight, sperm counts, motility and viability, as well as TAS and HDL levels increased significantly in the crocin-treated diabetic rats (P˂0.05). In testis sections from diabetic rats treated with crocin (40 and 60 mg/kg), seminiferous tubules exhibited normal shape and restoration of testis architecture was observed.<br /> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Administration of crocin in the present study, ameliorated blood glucose, lipid abnormalities, oxidative stress, sperm characteristics and testis damage in STZ-diabetic rats.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesAvicenna Journal of Phytomedicine2228-79309420190701The effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Ziziphora clinopodioides L. on spatial memory and neuronal density of hippocampal CA1 region in rats with sporadic Alzheimer's disease3623731270010.22038/ajp.2019.12700ENSamaneh SedighiDepartment of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran0001000053025808Maryam TehranipourDepartment of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.Gholamhassan VaeziDepartment of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran.Vida HojatiDepartment of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran.0000-0002-0408-389Hamid Hashemi-MoghaddamDepartment of chemistry, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran.Journal Article20180804<strong><span style="font-size: medium;">Objective:</span></strong><span style="font-size: medium;"> Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with gradual loss of cognitive and memory abilities. It was shown that the hippocampus is one of the first structures in the brain that is affected by the disease. <em>Ziziphora clinopodioides</em></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> (</span><em><span style="font-size: medium;">Z. clinopodioides</span></em><span style="font-size: medium;">) is a member of Lamiaceae family and contains various substances</span><span style="font-size: medium;">.</span><br /> <span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> In this experimental study, 72 adult male Wistar rats were used for behavioral and histopathologic studies. They were divided into nine groups included: control, negative control (Alzheimer), positive control (Alzheimer's treated with rivastigmine), aCSF</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;"> (</span><span style="font-size: medium;">artificial cerebrospinal fluid) + <em>ziziphora</em> extract with doses of 200,400, and 600 mg/kg, and </span><span style="font-size: medium;">STZ (stereptozotocine)+<em>ziziphora</em></span><span style="font-size: medium;">extract in 200,400,600 mg/kg doses. The injury was created with bilaterally intraventricular injection. </span><span style="font-size: medium;">The spatial memory was studied by passive avoidance test and neuronal density was evaluated by dissector method. To examine the histopathological lesions, Congo red and toluidine blue staining were done. Data were analyzed by ANOVA Minitab software.</span><br /> <span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>Results:</strong> The memory index (neuronal density and passive avoidance test results) showed a significant decrease in negative control group compared to control (p≤0.001). Treatment with the hydroalcoholic extract at the doses of 400 and 600 mg/kg showed a significant increase in memory index in rats with Alzheimer's disease (p≤0.001). The effect of 200 mg/kg extract was not significantly different from that of the negative control group. The results of histological analysis indicated beta-amyloid plaques formation in the control group as compared to the negative control group while treatment with the extract at the doses of 400 and 600 mg/kg, significantly reduced beta-amyloid plaques formation. </span><br /> <strong><span style="font-size: medium;">Conclusion:</span></strong><span style="font-size: medium;"> These findings suggest that the extract of <em>Z. clinopodioides</em></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> can improve Alzheimer's condition and alleviate memory and histopathologic damages; also, it decreases beta-amyloid plaques and apoptosis in CA1 region of the hippocampus.</span>Mashhad University of Medical SciencesAvicenna Journal of Phytomedicine2228-79309420190701Administration of troxerutin improves testicular function and structure in type-1 diabetic adult rats by reduction of apoptosis3743851274110.22038/ajp.2019.12741ENAfsaneh QadiriDepartment of physiology, Faculty of medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.Student research committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranFariba Mirzaei BavilDrug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.Gholamreza HamidianDepartment of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.Zohreh Zavvari OskuyeDepartment of physiology, Faculty of medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranMahdi AhmadiTuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran0000-0002-0774-9378Hajar OghbaeiDepartment of physiology, Faculty of medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranKeivan MehriDepartment of physiology, Faculty of medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranAmir Mansour VatankhahDrug applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.Rana KeyhanmaneshDrug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.0000-0002-6941-2690Journal Article20180822<span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>Objective:</strong> The glucose-reducing effects of troxerutin was previously proven. This study was conducted to evaluate troxerutin effect on testicular structure and spermatozoid parameters in type-1 diabetic adult male rats.</span><br /> <span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly classified into 5 groups as follows: control (C), troxerutin (T), diabetic (DM), troxerutin-treated DM (DT) and insulin-treated DM (DI). Testicular structure, apoptosis, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity, and spermatozoid parameters were assessed 4 weeks after initiation of the interventions.</span><br /> <span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>Results:</strong> The results revealed that diabetes caused testicular stereological changes and significantly increased blood glucose level, testicular MDA content and apoptosis but decreased insulin level, testicular GPX activity, and sperm parameters compared to controls (p<br /> <span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Taken together, troxerutin, comparable to insulin, effectively improved DM-induced testicular dysfunction and sperm parameters in diabetic rats and these effects might be mediated through troxerutin’s anti-apoptotic effects.</span></span>Mashhad University of Medical SciencesAvicenna Journal of Phytomedicine2228-79309420190701Cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects of Rosa beggeriana Schrenk extracts on human liver and breast cancer cells3863951278010.22038/ajp.2019.12780ENOzra ZareiDepartment of Biotechnology, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran.Mohammad Mehdi YaghoobiDepartment of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology Kerman, Iran.0000-0003-1434-6224Journal Article20180516<strong>Objective:</strong> <em>Rosa beggeriana </em>Schrenk has been consumed in Iranian traditional medicine. In contrary to its close species (e.g. <em>R. canina</em>), there is no data on its medicinal properties. Therefore, we explored possible cytotoxic effects of <em>R. beggeriana</em> against two cancer cell lines.<br /> <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> The cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects of <em>R. beggeriana</em> ethanolic and aqueous extracts on human liver cancer cells (LCLPI 11), breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and fibroblast-like cells (HSkMC) were evaluated by MTT, BrdU and TUNEL assays. <br /> <strong>Results:</strong> Following 48 h, IC<sub>50</sub> values for LCL-PI11 and MCF-7 cells were found to be 3.9 and 4.2 μg/mL for aqueous extract, and 2.3 and 2.7 μg/mL for ethanolic extract, respectively.<br /> BrdU assay data verified the MTT results and showed that both extracts inhibit cell proliferation as much as 5-fluorouracil does (p<0.05). The ethanolic extract had a more marked inhibitory effect compared to the aqueous extract (p<0.05). Besides both extracts were less effective against HSKMC cells compared to other cells lines.<br /> TUNEL assay results demonstrated that following 48 h, the aqueous extract induced about 19 and 24% apoptotic death in the LCL-PI 11 and MCF-7 cells, respectively (p<0.05). While at the same time, the ethanolic extract was more potent and caused about 83 and 91% death in the LCL-PI 11 and MCF-7 cells, respectively (p<0.05).<br /> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> These data indicate that both extracts have anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activities on these two cancer cell lines and these effects were more pronounced then their activities against normal cells. Also, the ethanolic extract was more potent than the aqueous extract. Further researches are necessary for finding and isolating effective anticancer ingredient of <em>R. beggeriana</em>.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesAvicenna Journal of Phytomedicine2228-79309420190701Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott ethanolic leaf extract and fractions exhibited profound anti-inflammatory activity3964091278410.22038/ajp.2019.12784ENEarnest OghenesuvweErhirhieDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.0000-0001-5230-9817Chika NdubuisiEmegheboDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, NigeriaEmmanuel EmekaIlodigweDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of pharmaceutical sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, AwkaDaniel LotannaAjaghakuDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu State, Nigeria.Blessing OgechukwuUmeokoliDepartment of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, AwkaPeter MaduabuchiEzeDepartment of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.Kenneth GeraldNgwokeDepartment of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.Festus Basden ChieduOkoyeDepartment of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.0000-0001-8414-2329Journal Article20181022<strong><span style="font-size: medium;">Objective:</span></strong><span style="font-size: medium;"> <em>Dryopteris filix-mas </em></span><span style="font-size: medium;">(<em>D. filix-</em></span><span style="font-size: medium;">mas)</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> (L.) Schott, (Dryopteridaceae) </span><span style="font-size: medium;">is used in traditional medicine, particularly</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> in the </span><span style="font-size: medium;">Southern parts of Nigeria for the treatment of inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis, wounds and ulcers. In this study, we evaluated the </span><span style="font-size: medium;">anti-inflammatory activity of its ethanolic leaf extract and fractions.</span><br /> <span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> The ethanolic leaf extract and fractions were screened for anti-inflammatory properties using egg-albumin-induced paw edema, xylene-induced topical ear edema, formaldehyde-induced arthritis and ulcerogenic models. The ethyl acetate most promising vacuum liquid chromatography fraction (VLC-E7) was purified using size exclusion chromatography technique (Sephadex LH-20) and its structure was elucidated using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also determined.</span><br /> <strong><span style="font-size: medium;">Results:</span></strong><span style="font-size: medium;"> From the study, e</span><span style="font-size: medium;">thyl acetate and butanol fractions </span><span style="font-size: medium;">elicited better anti-inflammatory activities in</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> egg-albumin-induced paw edema, formaldehyde-induced arthritis and xylene-induced topical ear edema. The ethanol extract, ethyl acetate and butanol fractions were non-ulcerogenic at 200 and 400 mg/kg. The compound isolated from Sephadex fraction (SPH-E6) was quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside.</span><br /> <strong><span style="font-size: medium;">Conclusion:</span></strong><span style="font-size: medium;"> Results of this study justify the ethnomedicinal use of <em>D. filix-mas </em></span><span style="font-size: medium;">leaf for treatment of inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis. We suggest that </span><em><span style="font-size: medium;">D. filix-mas</span></em><span style="font-size: medium;"> could be a prospective anti-inflammatory agent with no gastric irritation side effect, due to its bioactive component, quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside.</span>