Mashhad University of Medical SciencesAvicenna Journal of Phytomedicine2228-79307520170901Tiliacora triandra (Colebr.) Diels leaf extract enhances spatial learning and learning flexibility, and prevents dentate gyrus neuronal damage induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice389400839810.22038/ajp.2017.19681.1756ENWachiryah Thong-asaPhysiology Division, Animal Toxicology and Physiology Specialty Research Unit (ATPRU), Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand0000-0003-0065-7339Panas TumkiratiwongPhysiology Division, Animal Toxicology and Physiology Specialty Research Unit (ATPRU), Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, ThailandVasakorn BullangpotiAnimal Toxicology and Physiology Specialty Research Unit (ATPRU), Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, ThailandKasem KongnirundonsukFaculty of Science and Technology, Bansomdejchaopraya Rajabhat University, Hiranruchi, Dhonburi Bangkok, ThailandKanokwan TilokskulchaiNeuroscience Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, ThailandJournal Article20161022<strong>Objective:</strong> The present study investigated the effects of a local Thai vegetable<em>, Tiliacora triandra</em> (Colebr.) Diels, also known as Yanang, against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice.<br /> <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> Thirty male ICR mice were divided into three experimental groups of BLCCAO + 10% Tween 80, BLCCAO + <em>T. triandra</em> 300 mg/kg, and BLCCAO + <em>T. triandra</em> 600 mg/kg. Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion was induced by three minutes of bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BLCCAO) followed by 18 days of reperfusion. Leaf extract was administered orally 24 hours after arterial occlusion and continued for 18 consecutive days. Cognitive abilities were evaluated using the Morris water maze. Histological analysis was conducted in the dorsal hippocampus subregions CA1, CA3, and DG and white matter regions (the corpus callosum, internal capsule, and optic tract) using 0.1 % cresyl violet and 0.1% Luxol fast blue staining.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> Results showed that <em>T. triandra </em>leaf extract at the doses of 300 and 600 mg/kg significantly enhanced spatial learning, and learning flexibility, and prevented neuronal death in the DG of mice following ischemia/reperfusion.<br /> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> <em>T. triandra</em> leaf extract enhanced spatial learning, and learning flexibility, and prevented DG neuronal death in a mice model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesAvicenna Journal of Phytomedicine2228-79307520170901Effects of ethanolic extract of Jasminum grandiflorum Linn. flowers on wound healing in diabetic Wistar albino rats401408869910.22038/ajp.2017.14406.1580ENHiren HiraparaGMERS Medical College, Junagadh, Gujarat, IndiaVishal GhoriBillev Pharma East , Ljubljana, SloveniaAshish AnovadiyaGovernment Medical College, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, IndiaSeema BaxiGovernment Medical College, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, IndiaChandrabhanu TripathiGovernment Medical College, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, IndiaJournal Article20160120<strong>Objective</strong>: To evaluate wound healing activity of ethanolic extract of Jasminum grandiflorum Linn. (J. grandiflorum) flowers in diabetic rats. <br /> <strong>Materials and Methods</strong>: Streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar albino rats were divided into six groups (n=6).Three groups – diabetic control, positive control (that received Glibenclamide) and treatment (that received J. grandiflorum Linn. Flower extract) were operated for excision wounds (EW). These groups were evaluated for wound contraction and re-epithelization. The other three groups were operated for incision wounds (IW) and dead space wounds (DW). Incision and dead space wounds were produced in the same rats. IWs were analyzed for wound breaking strength and the granulation tissues from DWs were analyzed for dry weight, hydroxyproline content, and histology.<br /> <strong>Results</strong>: IWs and DWs showed significant improvement in wound breaking strength (265.8±10.4 vs 332.5±8.2; p<0.05), granulation tissue dry weight (26.1±0.6vs 40.4±0.3; p<0.01) and hydroxyproline content (19.3±0.5 vs 32.6±0.8; p<0.01) in treatment group as compared to control group. Neo-angiogenesis was also high in treatment group. Wound contraction was earlier (day 14) in treatment group compared to diabetic control (day 20). No significant improvement was seen in re-epithelization in treatment group.<br /> <strong>Conclusion</strong>: Ethanolic extract of J. grandiflorum Linn. flowers increases granulation tissue formation as well as neo-angiogenesis. It also enhances wound contraction; however, re-epithelization was not significantly affected. J. grandiflorum Linn. flowers could be potentially effective in promotion of diabetic wounds healing by increasing granulation tissue formation and enhancing wound contraction; however, further studies are required for its clinical application.<br /> .Mashhad University of Medical SciencesAvicenna Journal of Phytomedicine2228-79307520170901Modulation of lung inflammation and immune markers in asthmatic rats treated by Portulaca oleracea409416882410.22038/ajp.2017.8824ENMahsa KavehDepartment of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.Akram EidiDepartment of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.Ali NeamatiDepartment of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, I.R. IranMohammad Hossein BoskabadyNeurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0001-5736-9755Journal Article20170315Objective: Previous studies indicated anti-inflammatory effects for Portulaca oleracea in various inflammatory disorders. In this study, the effects of P. oleracea on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) levels of total protein (TP), Phospholipase A2(PLA2) and IgE in sensitized rats were examined.<br /> Materials and Methods: Male rats were randomly divided into six groups namely, control (group C), sensitized rats (group S), sensitized animal treated with three concentrations of the extract of P. oleracea and dexamethasone (n = 8 for each group). The levels of TP, PLA2 and IgE in BALF were measured.<br /> Results:The levels of TP, PLA2and IgE were significantly increased in the BALF of group S compared to group C (pand IgE compared to group S (pand IgE (p<br /> Conclusion: The results indicated anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of P. oleracea in sensitized rats (as an animal model of asthma) which was equal or more marked than dexamethasone at studied concentrations.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesAvicenna Journal of Phytomedicine2228-79307520170901The antioxidant activity of Beta vulgaris leaf extract in improving scopolamine-induced spatial memory disorders in rats417425882110.22038/ajp.2017.8821ENShadie HajihosseiniDepartment of Biology, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj ,IranMahbubeh SetorkiDepartment of Biology, Izeh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Izeh, Iran0000-0001-6983-9929Zahra HooshmandiDepartment of Biology, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj ,IranJournal Article20160811Objective: Medicinal plants have attracted global attention due to their safety as well as their considerable antioxidant content that helps to prevent or ameliorate various disorders including memory impairments. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of beet root (Beta vulgaris) leaf extract on scopolamine-induced spatial memory impairments in male Wistar rats.<br /> Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=10): Control (C), scopolamine 1 mg/kg/day (S), scopolamine+50 mg/kg B. vulgaris leaf extract (S+B 50), scopolamine+100 mg/kg B. vulgaris leaf extract (S+B 100) and scopolamine+200 mg/kg B. vulgaris leaf extract (S+B 200). Morris water maze task was used to assess spatial memory. Serum antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde (MDA) level were also measured.<br /> Results: Group S spent significantly less time in the target quadrant compared to the control group, and the administration of B. vulgaris leaf extract (100 and 200 mg/kg) significantly increased this time (p<0.05). Scopolamine decreased serum antioxidant capacity and increased serum MDA level yet insignificantly. B. vulgaris extract (200 mg/kg) significantly increased the antioxidant capacity and decreased serum MDA level in scopolamine-treated rats (p<0.05).<br /> Conclusion: Our results suggested that B. vulgaris leaf extract could ameliorate the memory impairments and exhibited protective effects against scopolamine-induced oxidation. Further investigation is needed to isolate specific antioxidant compounds from B. vulgaris leaf extract with protective effect against brain and memory impairments.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesAvicenna Journal of Phytomedicine2228-79307520170901Effect of the methanolic extracts of different parts of Ferula assa-foetida on naloxone-induced withdrawal behavior in morphine-dependent mice426435885310.22038/ajp.2017.17885.1696ENMahnaz KhanaviFaculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Sajad MaadaniDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-4053-6331Behnaz FarahanikiaDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMahdieh EftekhariDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMohammad SharifzadehDepartment of Toxicology and Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20160903Objective: Ferula assa-foetida, a native species in Iran, is used for treatment of several diseases particularly for neurological disorders in Iranian Traditional Medicine. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of methanolic roots, fruits, and aerial parts extracts of Ferula assa-foetida on withdrawal syndrome in morphine-dependent mice.<br /> Materials and Methods: Aerial parts, roots, and fruits of the plant were separately extracted with 80% MeOH. For induction of dependence, morphine (50, 50 and 75 mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously three times daily (10 am, 1 pm and 4 pm) for three days and a last dose of morphine (50 mg/kg) was administrated on the fourth day. Withdrawal syndrome was induced by injection of naloxone (5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) 2 hr after the final dose of morphine. Different doses of the extracts were administered i.p. 60 minutes before naloxone injection and withdrawal sign was recorded 2 minutes after naloxone injection for a period of 60 minutes. <br /> Results: Pre-treatment of animals with different doses (2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg/kg) of methanolic extract of the aerial parts of F. assa-foetida caused a significant decrease in naloxone-induced behavior. Intraperitoneal administration of different doses (10, 15, 20, 25 mg/kg) of methanolic extract of the fruit significantly reduced the naloxone-induced withdrawal behavior (p<0.001). <br /> Conclusion: It might be concluded that the extracts of Ferula assa-foetida affect morphine withdrawal syndrome possibly via interference with the neurotransmitters in nervous system.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesAvicenna Journal of Phytomedicine2228-79307520170901Evaluation of the effect of soybean diet on interferon-α-induced depression in male mice436443888910.22038/ajp.2017.20914.1793ENYazdan Azimi FashiDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical sciences, Isfahan university of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranAzadeh MesripourIsfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical sciences, Isfahan university of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranValiollah HajhashemiDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical sciences, Isfahan university of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0001-5783-2324Journal Article20161224Objective: Interferon-α (IFN) therapy can cause depressive symptom which may lead to drug discontinuation. By interfering with tryptophan pathway, the available level of tryptophan required for serotonin synthesis decreases which could be related to depression. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether soybean diet could improve IFN-induced depression.<br /> Materials and Methods: Male mice weighing 28±3 g were used in the forced swimming test (FST) as an animal model of depression; also, locomotor activity was recorded. IFN 16×10<sup>5 </sup>IU/kg was injected subcutaneously for 6 days. Animals were fed with regular diet or soybean diet at 3 concentrations throughout the experiment. Fluoxetine was the reference drug. To check whether the tryptophan content in the soy bean diet was effective, a group of animals was injected with a single dose of tryptophan on the test day.<br /> Results: IFN-α increased the immobility time in the FST (192 sec ± 5.4), that denotes depression in mice. Soybean diets caused less immobility that was more profound with 50% soybean (26.4 sec ± 6). This diet overcame the depression caused by IFN in the FST (54 sec±18). This result was parallel with that of tryptophan injected to animals (38 sec±17). All the animals showed normal locomotor activity.<br /> Conclusion: For the first time, we showed that soybean diet could counteract with depression caused by IFN-α. Since tryptophan therapy had similar effects, possibly the tryptophan content of soybean had induced the serotonin synthesis. Thus, not only less harmful kynurenine was produced but also more serotonin was available in the brain to overcome depression. However, this interpretation needs further evaluations.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesAvicenna Journal of Phytomedicine2228-79307520170901A simple, sensitive and rapid isocratic reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method for determination and stability study of curcumin in pharmaceutical samples444453886110.22038/ajp.2017.20890.1790ENFarjad AmanolahiDepartment of Drug and Food Control, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, IranAli MohammadiDepartment of Drug and Food Control, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, IranReza Kazemi OskueeNeurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranHooriyeh NassirliPharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranBizhan Malaekeh-NikoueiNanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranJournal Article20161222Objective: This study was designed to develop and validate a new reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method based on Q<sub>2 </sub>(R<sub>1</sub>) International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guideline for determination of curcumin in pharmaceutical samples.<br /> Materials and Methods: The HPLC instrument method was optimized with isocratic elution with acetonitrile: ammonium acetate (45:55, v/v, pH 3.5), C18 column (150 mm×4.6 mm×5 µm particle size) and a flow rate of 1 ml/min in ambient condition and total retention time of 17 min. The volume of injection was set at 20 µl and detection was recorded at 425 nm. The robustness of the method was examined by changing the mobile phase composition, mobile phase pH, and flow rate.<br /> Results: The method was validated with respect to precision, accuracy and linearity in a concentration range of 2-100 µg/ml. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.25 and 0.5 µg/ml, respectively. The percentage of recovery was 98.9 to 100.5 with relative standard deviation (RSD) < 0.638%.<br /> Conclusion: The method was found to be simple, sensitive and rapid for determination of curcumin in pharmaceutical samples and had enough sensitivity to detect degradation product of curcumin produced under photolysis and hydrolysis stress condition.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesAvicenna Journal of Phytomedicine2228-79307520170901Evaluation of the effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of Terminalia chebula fruits on diazinon-induced liver toxicity and oxidative stress in rats454466899710.22038/ajp.2017.21401.1807ENRaheleh Ahmadi-NajiStudent Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, IranEsfandiar HeidarianClinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran0000-0002-4701-144XKeyhan Ghatreh-SamaniMedical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, IranJournal Article20170117Objective: Diazinon causes oxidative stress and dysfunction of the liver. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of Terminalia chebula, on some biochemical and histopathological parameters of liver tissue in diazinon-administered rats.<br /> Materials and Methods: Wistar rats were orally administered with 25 mg/kg body weight diazinon. Vehicle (distilled water) and silymarin (50 mg/kg body weight) were used as the negative and positive control groups, respectively. Diazinon-administered groups were treated with T.chebula (Terminalia chebula) fruit extract (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg). After 15 days of treatment, the blood specimens and liver samples were examined.<br /> Results: In diazinon-treated group, the levels of serum urea, high density lipoprotein (HDL), and liver superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and vitamin C significantly decreased (p<0.05) compared to control. Also, in this group, serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL), protein carbonyl (PC), malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and TNF-α gene expression significantly increased (p<0.05) as compared to the control (vehicle-treated rats). Treatment with T. chebula resulted in a significant increase (p<0.05) in CAT, SOD, vitamin C, HDL and a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the level of urea, MDA, PC, TG, TC, VLDL, TNF-α protein, and the gene expression of TNF-α compared with test without treatment group. Histopathological evidence demonstrated that treatment with T. chebula extract could decrease liver lymphocyte infiltration.<br /> Conclusion: The present study suggests that T. chebula fruit extract has protective effects against diazinon-induced oxidative stress.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesAvicenna Journal of Phytomedicine2228-79307520170901Acute effects of thermally processed pili (Canarium ovatum, Engl.) pomace drink on plasma antioxidant and polyphenol status in humans467476881410.22038/ajp.2017.8814ENElizabeth ArenasThe Graduate School
University of Santo Tomas
Espana, Manila PhilippinesTrinidad PaladTrinidadThe Graduate School
University of Santo Tomas
Espana, Manila PhilippinesJournal Article20161001<strong>Objective:</strong> Pili (<em>Canarium ovatum, </em>Engl<em>.</em>) pomace is an underutilized agricultural waste that possesses great potential to be regarded as a functional food ingredient. The aim of this study was to measure the polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of pili pomace drink and determine the influence of heating on these parameters. Moreover, it sought to assess the acute effects of thermally processed pili pomace drink on plasma antioxidant and polyphenol status in humans.<br /> <strong>Material and Methods:</strong> Ten healthy adults received a single dose (130 ml) of pili pomace drink following an overnight fasting, and blood was collected at 0, 30, 60, 120 and 240 min after ingestion of pili pomace. Plasma total polyphenol content was measured using Folin-Ciocalteu method, while total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was determined using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay in uricase-treated and untreated plasma samples.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> Significant changes in plasma antioxidant and polyphenol levels were observed, reaching maximum levels at 120 and between 30 – 60 min, respectively (p<0.05). Both plasma polyphenols and TAC remained significantly above baseline values throughout the entire test period (p<0.05).<br /> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Results raised the possibility that an acute consumption of this phenolic-rich pili pomace drink may enhance plasma antioxidant and polyphenol status in humans. Future studies on other unidentified metabolites from pili pomace that may have enhanced the antioxidant activity of plasma should be done.