Mashhad University of Medical SciencesAvicenna Journal of Phytomedicine2228-79306520160901Capparis spinosa reduces Doxorubicin-induced cardio-toxicity in cardiomyoblast cells489494620710.22038/ajp.2016.6207ENSeyed Hadi MousaviPharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranAzar HosseiniPharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0002-3423-0539Elham BakhtiariDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranHassan RakhshandehDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0002-2118-1096Journal Article20150518Objective: Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective anticancer drug but its clinical application is limited because it induces apoptosis in cardiomyocytes and leads to permanent degenerative cardiomyopathy and heart failure possibly due to oxidative stress. Recent studies showed that <em>Capparis spinosa </em>(<em>C. spinose</em>)exhibits potent antioxidant activity. So, in this study, we explored the protective effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of <em>C. spinosa </em>against DOX-induced cytotoxicity in H9c2 cells. <br/>Materials and Methods: Cell viability was quantified by MTT assay. Apoptotic cells were determined using flow cytometry (sub-G1 peak) evaluation of DNA fragmentation following PI staining. Cells were cultured with 5 μM DOX for 24 hr to induce cell damage. H9c2 cells were pretreated with different concentrations (6-200 μg/ml) of <em>C. spinosa </em>extract for 4 hr before DOX treatment in all trials. <br/>Results: Pretreatment with 25, 50, 100 and 200 µg/ml of <em>C. spinosa</em> could increase the viability of H9C2 cells to 72.63 ± 2.8% (p< 0.05), 77.37 ± 1.8% (p< 0.05), 83.56 ± 2.6% (p< 0.001) and 90.9 ± 0.5% (p< 0.001) of control, respectively. Also, <em>C. spinosa</em> decreased apoptotic induction significantly, at the doses of 50 µg/ml (p<0.05), 100 µg/ml (p<0.01) and 200 µg/ml (p<0.001) <br/>Conclusion: Our results showed that <em>C. spinosa </em>could exert cardioprotective effects against DOX-induced toxicity that might be mediated via its antioxidant activity.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesAvicenna Journal of Phytomedicine2228-79306520160901Assessment of antibacterial effect of garlic in patients infected with Helicobacter pylori using urease breath test495501631710.22038/ajp.2016.6317ENMahmoud ZardastBirjand Atherosclerosis And Coronary Artery Research Center, Department of pathology, Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Birjand, Iran0000-0002-7511-2512Kokab NamakinDepartment of pediatrics, Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Birjand, IranJamil Esmaili KahoBirjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran (BUMS)Sarira Sadat HashemiBirjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran (BUMS)Journal Article20150526<br/><strong>Objective: </strong><em>Helicobacter pylori </em>(<em>H. pylori</em>) is the most common pathogenic bacteria in the stomach. The aim of the current study was to explore the effect of oral garlic administration on bacterial urease activity inside the stomach and its contribution to the treatment of <em>H. pylori</em> infection. <br/><strong>Materials and Methods</strong>: In this clinical trial, 15 patients were studied quantitatively with Urease Breath Test (UBT). The patients with gastrointestinal symptoms and a positive serum <em>H. pylori</em> IgG were enrolled. UBT was performed for each patient in three sessions as follows: at the beginning of the study, an initial UBT was performed based on which, the positive cases entered the study and the negative ones were excluded. Second UBT was done three days later in patients who were not receiving any treatment and were considered as the control, whereas the third UBT was performed three days after prescribing two medium-sized cloves of garlic (3 g) with their meal, twice a day (at noon and in the evening). The collected data were analyzed using ANOVA and Bonferroni tests and the significance level was set at p<br/><strong>Results</strong>: the mean UBT significantly differed before and after treatment with garlic cloves, being significantly lower after garlic consumption. No meaningful difference was observed in the mean UBT without garlic consumption between the first and second steps. <br/><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Raw garlic has anti-bacterial effects against <em>H. pylori</em> residing in the stomach and may be prescribed along with routine drugs for the treatment of gastric <em>H. pylori</em> infection.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesAvicenna Journal of Phytomedicine2228-79306520160901Urological recommedations of Hadji Pasha’s, a Turkish aged doctor in Anatolia502505649910.22038/ajp.2016.6499ENMehmet YildirimDepartment of Urology, Turgut Özal University School of Medicine, Ankara, TurkeyMetin CanbalDepartment of Family Medicine, Turgut Özal University School of Medicine, Ankara, TurkeyEkrem OzyuvaliDepartment of Urology, Turgut Özal University School of Medicine, Ankara, TurkeyOmer KaratasDepartment of Urology, Atatürk Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, TurkeyJournal Article20150701<br/><strong>Objective: </strong>Urinary tract conditions have been an important part of diseases from antiquity until today. Historically, many plants and herbs have been used for the treatment of urinary disorders. <br/><strong>Methods:</strong> Celâlüddîn Hızır bin Ali el-Konevi (Hadji Pasha) is one of the most famous physician who lived in Anatolia between 13th and 14th centuries. He has written one of the most important medical books of that era, "Müntehab-ıŞifa" (solution of wellness) in Turkish. General medical information about the diseases in this book, focus on diagnosis and treatment. <br/><strong>Results: </strong>The herbal solutions for urological disorders such as, urinary incontinence, urinary stones or erection problems are told in this section.<strong> </strong><br/><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Many of the herbal medicines addressed in this book are being widely used in current medicine, but the usage of these herbals in daily urology practice is limited. In this study, we aimed to share the advices for the urological diseases and therelated herbal medicines that are named in Hadji Pasha’s book, " Müntehab-ıŞifa ", with today's physicians.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesAvicenna Journal of Phytomedicine2228-79306520160901A review study on the effect of Iranian herbal medicines against in vitro replication of herpes simplex virus506515656710.22038/ajp.2016.6567ENMohammad-Taghi MoradiStudents Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Science, Shahrekord, Iran0000-0002-3103-3740Mamoud Rafieian-KopaeiMedical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Science, Shahrekord, Iran0000-0003-3190-7863Ali KarimiMedical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Science, Shahrekord, IranJournal Article20150701<br/><strong>Objective: </strong>There are a number of published data indicating <em>in vitro</em> anti-HSV activity of some of Iranian herbal extracts with no systematic review to discuss these results. Therefore, this article was aimed to review and discuss the methods carried out and the phytochemistry and bioactivity of the extracts used and also conclusions provided in these publications. <br/><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> Published articles both in English (from Medline, Science Direct, EMBASE, Scopus, Pro Quest, Google scholar, Cochrane Library) and in Persian (from SID, Iran Medex and Magiran) databases, from 1966 to October 2014 were incorporated in this review. The <em>in vitro</em> studies that lacked CC<sub>50</sub>, IC<sub>50</sub>, were excluded. <br/><strong>Results:</strong> Only 42 published reports were found to examine Iranian herbs against HSV replication <em>in vitro. </em>Seventeen out of 42 studies in which 23 kinds of medicinal plants were subjected to crude extraction were included. The review of data showed that some of the herbal extracts including <em>Hyssopus officinalis </em>methanolic extract, <em>Melissa officinalis </em>aqueous extract, <em>Quercus persica </em>L. hydroalcoholic extract and <em>Securigeras ecuridaca </em>methanolic extract with selective index (SI) of 234, 877, >778 and 250, respectively were highly effective against HSV <em>in vitro.</em> <br/><strong>Conclusion:</strong> More comprehensive studies using more advanced methods are needed to be done to achieve promising anti-HSV agents from the bioactive compounds isolated from these herbs.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesAvicenna Journal of Phytomedicine2228-79306520160901Anti-oxidant and anti-hyperlipidemic activity of Hemidesmus indicus in rats fed with high-fat diet516525646610.22038/ajp.2016.6466ENSuganya VenkateshanDepartment of Pharmacology, Madras Medical College, Tamil Nadu, IndiaVetriselvan SubramaniyanDepartment of Medicine, Pharmacology Unit, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Ethiopia00-0002-9629-9494Velmurugan Chinnasamy3epartment of Pharmacology, Sri Krishna Chaithanya College of Pharmacy, Madanapalee, Andhra Pradesh, IndiaSarath ChandiranDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ratnam Institute of Pharmacy, Nellore, IndiaJournal Article20150707<br/><strong>Objective: </strong>Dietary changes playmajor risk roles in oxidative stress andcardiovascular disease and modulate normal metabolic function. The present study was designed to investigate the ameliorative potential of different extracts of <em>Hemidesmus indicus</em> to experimental high-fat diet in wistar rats, and their possible mechanism of action. <br/><strong>Materials and Methods</strong>: Male wistar rats were divided into 6 groups (n=6/group) andfed with a standard diet (control), high-fat diet (HFD), high-fat diet supplemented with different extracts and positive control for 9 weeks. High-fat diet induced changes in average body weight andoxidative stress and elevated levels of plasma lipid profilein rats. <br/><strong>Results</strong>: Oral administration of methanolic extract of <em>H. indicus</em>(200 mg/kg) offered a significant dose-dependent protection against HFD-induced oxidative stress, as reflected in the levels of catalase (p<br/><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The present study revealed that the methanolic extract of <em>H.indicus </em>protects against oxidative stress, hyperlipidemia and liver damage.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesAvicenna Journal of Phytomedicine2228-79306520160901Estragole and methyl-eugenol-free extract of Artemisia dracunculus possesses immunomodulatory effects526534647910.22038/ajp.2016.6479ENSeyyed Meysam Abtahi FroushaniDepartment of Microbiology, Veterinary Faculty, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran0000-0003-2579-6618Leila ZareiSolid Tumor Research Center, rmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, IranHadi Esmaeili Gouvarchin GhalehDepartment of Microbiology, Veterinary Faculty, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran0000-0001-8562-2295Bahman Mansori MotlaghDepartment of Microbiology, Veterinary Faculty, Urmia University, Urmia, IranJournal Article20150521<br/><strong>Objective: </strong>Some evidence suggests that chronic uptake of estragole and methyl-eugenol, found in the essential oil of <em>Artemisia dracunculus</em> (tarragon), may be associated with an increased risk of hepato-carcinogenicity. The present study was conducted to investigate the immumodulatory and anti-inflammatory potentials of estragole and methyl-eugenol free extract of tarragon. <br/><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>Aqueous, hydroalcoholic, methanol and hexane extracts of dried and milled tarragon was prepared and analyzed by GC-MS. The estragole and methyl-eugenol free extract was characterized and used for evaluation of immunity in NMRI mice after challenging with sheep red blood cells. <br/><strong>Results: </strong>It was shown that the aqueous extract of tarragon was free from potentially harmful estragole or methyl-eugenol. Moreover, the immunomodulatory effect of the aqueous extract of tarragon (100 mg/kg for 21 consecutive days) was investigated. The extract significantly increased the level of anti-sheep red blood cells (SRBC (antibody and simultaneously decreased the level of cellular immunity in the treatment group. Moreover, tarragon caused a significant reduction in the production of pro-inflammatory IL-17 and IFN-γ in parallel with a reduction in the ratio of INF-γ to Il-10 or IL-17 to IL-10 in the splenocytes. In addition, the levels of the respiratory burst and nitric oxide production in peritoneal macrophages were significantly decreased. Additionally, the phagocytosis potential of macrophages was significantly increased in treated mice. <br/><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These data showed that the aqueous extract of tarragon may be used as a natural source to modulate the immune system, because it can inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines and induce anti-inflammatory macrophages.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesAvicenna Journal of Phytomedicine2228-79306520160901Effect of virgin olive oil versus piroxicam phonophoresis on exercise-induced anterior knee pain535541661210.22038/ajp.2016.6612ENBabak Nakhostin-RoohiDepartment of Exercise Physiology, Islamic Azad University-Ardabil Branch, Ardabil, IranFaegheh KhoshkhaheshDepartment of Exercise Physiology, University of Mohaghegh- Ardabili, Ardabil, IranShahab BohlooliDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, IranJournal Article20150621<br/><strong>Objective: </strong>The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of virgin olive oil phonophoresis on female athletes' anterior knee pain (AKP). <br/><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> A double blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted. Ninety-three female athletes suffering from AKP voluntarily participated in this study. Patients were randomly assigned into olive oil (n=31), piroxicam (n=31) or base gel phonophoresis (n=31) groups. At the baseline visit, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) questionnaire was filled by subjects who were then treated with olive oil, piroxicam or pure phonophoresis for 12 sessions. After 6 and 12 sessions of physiotherapy, subjects filled the questionnaire again. Main outcomes were significant improvement in pain, stiffness, physical function, and total WOMAC scores. <br/><strong>Results:</strong> Although, there was a significant reduction in symptoms of AKP at the end of the therapy in all groups (p< 0.05), but in olive oil group, this improvement was seen after 6 sessions of treatment (p< 0.001). A significant difference between olive oil group and piroxicam and/or phonophoresis group was observed after 6 sessions of therapy (p< 0.05). <br/><strong>Conclusion:</strong> It could be proposed that phonophoresis with virgin olive oil is as effective as piroxicam gel on lowering WOMAC scores of AKP in female athletes and also has several beneficial properties including faster effect and shorter duration of therapy. The exact mechanism of beneficial action of virgin olive oil on AKP is not clear and requires further studies.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesAvicenna Journal of Phytomedicine2228-79306520160901Teratogenic effects of silymarin on mouse fetuses542549667910.22038/ajp.2016.6679ENMahbobe GholamiDepartment of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranSeyed Adel MoallemPharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranMohammad AfsharDepartment of Anatomy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, IranSakineh AmoueianDepartment of Pathology, Imam-Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranLeila EtemadPharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranGholamreza KarimiPharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmacy school, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000000212735448Journal Article20151010<br/><strong>Objective: </strong><em>Silybum marianum</em> has been used for centuries in herbal medicine for treatment of liver diseases. Currently, there is no data available on the possible effects of silymarin on fetal development. This study aimed to investigate the teratogenic effect of silymarin on BALB/c mice fetuses. <br/><strong>Materials and Methods</strong>: A total of 40 pregnant mice were divided into 4 groups of 10 mice each. Three groups received silymarin at three different doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/day during gestational days (GDs). The control group received normal saline and tween (solvent). Dams were sacrificed on GD 18 and all fetuses were examined for gross malformations, size and body weight. Malformed fetuses were double stained with alizarin red and alcian blue. <br/><strong>Results</strong>: Silymarin administration at all doses resulted in reduction of the mean fetal body weights. The abnormalities included limb, vertebral column and craniofacial malformations. Craniofacial malformations were the most common abnormalities, but they were not observed in a dose-dependent manner. The percentage of fetal resorption significantly increased (up to 15%) in all treatment groups. <br/><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Based on our results, silymarin, especially at high doses can lead to fetal resorption, intrauterine growth retardation and limb, vertebral column and craniofacial abnormalities. More precise studies should be conducted about the teratogenic effects of herbal medicine investigating the underlying mechanisms. Thus, caution should be taken when administering <em>S. marianum </em>to pregnant woman.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesAvicenna Journal of Phytomedicine2228-79306520160901Comparison of antiplatelet activity of garlic tablets with cardio-protective dose of aspirin in healthy volunteers: a randomized clinical trial550557668010.22038/ajp.2016.6680ENMojtaba ShafiekhaniDepartment of Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranPouya FaridiDepartment of phytopharmaceuticals , Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranJavad KojuriDepartment of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranSoha NamaziDepartment of Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranJournal Article20150520<br/><strong>Objective: </strong>Some of the adverse effects of aspirin including peptic ulcers, gastrointestinal bleeding and aspirin resistance compelled researchers to find a suitable alternative with fewer adverse effects. In this clinical trial, we aimed to find the effective antiplatelet dose of garlic. <br/><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> This randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) was conducted on 62 healthy volunteers of 20-50 years old. All volunteers used 80 mg aspirin per day for 1 week and at the end of this time, platelet aggregation (PA) induced by 4 agonists acting in aggregation pathway including adenosinediphosphate (20 μmol/l), epinephrine (20 μmol/l), collagen(0.19 mg/ ml) and arachidonic acid (0.5mg/ ml) was measured by Light Transmittance Aggregometry (LTA) in all participants. After one month washout period, volunteers were randomized into 3 groups and each received 1, 2 or 3 garlic tablets (1250 mg) a day for 1 month. After one month, PA was examined in all groups. <br/><strong>Results:</strong> The mean ±SD of the age of all volunteers was 28.60 ± 9.00 years. In addition, 52.00 % of our volunteers were male and 48.00% of them were female. Garlic tablet didnot have significant effect on PA at any dose. However, 30% of volunteers in the group that used 3 garlic tablets/day reported adverse effect (i.e. bleeding). No significant association between sex, age and PA was observed. <br/><strong>Conclusion:</strong> In this study, we were unable to determine the effective anti-platelet dose of garlic which that could be equal to that of aspirin anti-platelet activity, as assessed LTA method.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesAvicenna Journal of Phytomedicine2228-79306520160901Evaluation of acute and sub-acute toxicity of Pinus eldarica bark extract in Wistar rats558566670610.22038/ajp.2016.6706ENAkram GhadirkhomiDepartment of Pharmacology, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza Branch, Shahreza, IranLeila SafaeianDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranBehzad ZolfaghariDepartment of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0001-7087-2590Mohammad Reza Aghaye-GhazviniIsfahan Center of Public Health Training and Research, Institute of Public Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Science, IranParisa RezaeiDepartment of Pathology, Seyed-Al-Shohada Hospital, Isfahan, IranJournal Article20151010<br/><strong>Objective: </strong><em>Pinus eldarica</em> (<em>P. eldarica</em>) is one of the most common pines in Iran which has various bioactive constituents and different uses in traditional medicine. Since there is no documented evidence for <em>P. eldarica</em> safety, the acute and sub-acute oral toxicities of hydroalcoholic extract of<em> P. eldarica</em> bark were investigated in male and female Wistar rats in this study. <br/><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> In the acute study, a single dose of extract (2000 mg/kg) was orally administered and animals were monitored for 7 days. In the sub-acute study, repeated doses (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg/day) of the extract were administered for 28 days and biochemical, hematological and histopathological parameters were evaluated. <br/><strong>Results: </strong>Our results showed no sign of toxicity and no mortality after single or repeated administration of <em>P. eldarica.</em> The median lethal dose (LD<sub>50</sub>) of <em>P. eldarica </em>was determined to be higher than 2000 mg/kg. The mean body weight and most of the biochemical and hematological parameters showed normal levels. There were only significant decreases in serum triglyceride levels at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg of the extract in male rats (p<br/><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Oral administration of the hydroalcoholic extract of<em> P. eldarica</em> bark may be considered as relatively non-toxic particularly at the doses of 125 and 250 mg/kg.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesAvicenna Journal of Phytomedicine2228-79306520160901The effect of nano-curcumin on HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, and lipid profile in diabetic subjects: a randomized clinical trial567577676110.22038/ajp.2016.6761ENHamid Reza RahimiStudent Research Committee, Department of Modern Sciences & Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0002-2269-4109Amir Hooshang MohammadpourDepartment of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0002-6000-3276Mostafa DastaniCardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0003-2788-2827Mahmoud Reza JaafariNanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran Biotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran0000-0003-3908-6828Khali AbnousPharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranMajid Ghayour MobarhanCardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0003-2852-7632Reza Kazemi OskueeDepartment of Medical Biotechnology, Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranJournal Article20150528<br/><strong>Objective: </strong>Diabetes mellitus is defined as a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both or insulin resistance. Curcumin inhibits NF-κB signaling pathway. The aim of this study is evaluation of the effect of Nano-curcumin on HbA1C, fast blood glucose and lipid profile in diabetic patients. <br/><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>Seventy type-2 diabetic patients (fasting blood glucose (FBG) ≥ 126 mg/dL or 2-hr postprandial blood glucose ≥200 mg/dl) randomly receivedeither Curcumin (as nano-micelle 80 mg/day) or placebo for 3 months in a double blind randomized clinical trial. Fasting blood glucose, HbA1C, and lipids profile were checked before and after the intervention. Data analyses, including parametric and nonparametric tests were done using the SPSS 11.5 software. A p value < 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. (RCT registration code: IRCT2013081114330N1) <br/><strong>Results: </strong>Mean age, BMI, FBG, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), LDL, HDL, HbA1c , and sex and had no significant difference at the baseline between the groups. In Nano-curcumin group, a significant decrease was found in HbA1C, FBG, TG, and BMI comparing results of each subject before and after the treatment (p<0.05). <br/>By comparing pre- and post-treatment values among the groups, HbA1c, eAG, LDL-C, and BMI variables showed significant differences (p<0.05). <br/><strong>Conclusion:</strong> These findings suggest an HbA1c lowering effect for Nano-curcumin in type-2 diabetes; also, it is partially decrease in serum LDL-C and BMI.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesAvicenna Journal of Phytomedicine2228-79306520160901Effects of flavonoids from Martynia annua and Tephrosia purpurea on cutaneous wound healing578591676010.22038/ajp.2016.6760ENSantram LodhiDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Dr. H. S. Gour University,
Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, IndiaAvijeet JainDepartment of Pharmacy
RKDF University, Bhopal
Madhya Pradesh, India-462033Alok Pal JainDepartment of Pharmacy, Guru Ramdas Khalsa Institute of Science & Technology, Kukrikheda, Barela, Jabalpur (M.P.), IndiaRajesh PawarDepartment of Pharmacognosy,
VNS Institute of Pharmacy, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, IndiaAbhay Kumar SinghaiDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Dr. H. S. Gour University,
Sagar, M.P., 470003. IndiaJournal Article20150826<br/><strong>Objective: </strong><em>Martynia annua</em> L. (<em>M. annua</em>), (Martyniaccae) has been traditionally used in the treatment of epilepsy, sore throat and inflammatory disorders. The leaf paste is used topically on Tuberculosis of the lymphatic glands and wounds of domestic animals. <em>Tephrosia purpurea </em>(<em>T. purpurea</em>), (Fabaceae) has been used traditionally as a remedy for asthma, gonorrhea, rheumatism and ulcers. This study aimed to evaluate the potential wound healing effects of different fractions ofethanol extract of <em>M. annua</em> leaves and aerial parts of <em>T. purpurea</em>. <br/><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> Methanol fraction of <em>M. annua</em> (MAF-C) and ethyl acetate fraction of <em>T. purpurea</em> (TPF-A) were evaluated for healing potential in dead-space and burn wound models. An ointment (5% w/w) of MAF-C and TPF-A, pongamol (0.2 and 0.5% w/w) and luteolin (0.2 and 0.5% w/w) was applied topically twice a day. The effects were compared with Povidone Iodine ointment with respect to protein, collagen content, enzymatic assay and histopathological finding of granuloma tissues. <br/><strong>Results:</strong> Ethanol extracts of <em>M. annua</em> and <em>T. purpurea</em>were exhibited total flavonoid contents of 126.2 ± 4.69 and 171.6 ± 6.38 mg (quercetin equivalent), respectively. HPLC fingerprinting confirmed the presence of luteolin in<em> M. annua </em>and quercetin in <em>T. purpurea</em>. TPF-A and MAF-C ointments (5% w/w) significantly increases the hydroxyproline and protein contents. Luteolin and pongamol ointments were also found to be effective in both wound models. <br/><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Our findings suggested that 5% w/w ointment of TPF-A and MAF-C fractions were more effective than isolated flavonoids in wound healing which may be due to synergistic interactions between the flavonoids and other constituents.