ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Phytochemical characterization, antimicrobial activity and reducing potential of seed oil, latex, machine oil and presscake of Jatropha curcas
Objective: This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial activity, phytochemical studies and thin layer chromatography analysis of machine oil, hexane extract of seed oil and methanol extract of presscake& latex of Jatropha curcas Linn (family Euphorbiaceae). Materials and Methods: J. curcas extracts were subjected to preliminary qualitative phytochemical screening to detect the major phytochemicals followed by its reducing power and content of phenol and flavonoids in different fractions. Thin layer chromatography was also performed using different solvent systems for the analysis of a number of constituents in the plant extracts. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the disc diffusion method, while the minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration were calculated by micro dilution method. Results: The methanolic fraction of latex and cake exhibited marked antifungal and antibacterial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, steroids, glycosides, phenols and flavonoids. Reducing power showed dose dependent increase in concentration compared to standard Quercetin. Furthermore, this study recommended the isolation and separation of bioactive compounds responsible for the antibacterial activity which would be done by using different chromatographic methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), GC-MS etc. Conclusion: The results of the above study suggest that all parts of the plants possess potent antibacterial activity. Hence, it is important to isolate the active principles for further testing of antimicrobial and other biological efficacy.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_5913_62ae25cce35dd4a0bc99253017ad800d.pdf
2016-07-01
366
375
10.22038/ajp.2016.5913
Reducing power
Antimicrobial
Phytochemical
Thin layer chromatography
Minimum bactericidal concentration
Amit
Sharma
mayankgangwar2008@gmail.com
1
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 21005, UP India
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mayank
Gangwar
sharmaamitkumar5@gmail.com
2
Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi- 221005 UP
India
AUTHOR
Dharmendra
Kumar
dharmbhu@gmail.com
3
Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi- 221005 UP India
AUTHOR
Gopal
Nath
gopalnath@gmail.com
4
Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi- 221005 UP India
AUTHOR
Akhoury Sudhir
Sinha
asksinha.che@itbhu.ac.in
5
Department of Chemical Engg, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Vanarasi-221005. UP India
AUTHOR
Yamini
Tripathi
yaminiok@yahoo.com
6
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 21005, UP India
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
In vitro protoscolicidal effects of various concentrations of Ziziphora tenuior L. extract at different exposure times
Objective: Hydatidosis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases and surgery is still the main treatment for this problem. One of the side effects of hydatid cyst surgery is recurrence, thus, searching and assessment of some new agents such as medicinal plant extracts are very important. In the present study, the scolicidal effect of ethanolic extract of Ziziphora tenuior L. (Z. tenuior) was investigated. Materials and Methods: Protoscolices were aseptically collected from sheep livers containing hydatid cyst and used in the experiments. Z. tenuior extract was used at concentration of 3-100 mg/ml for 10-60 min. Viability of protoscolices was determined by 0.1% eosin staining. Results: Based on our results, Z. tenuior extract at concentration of 10 mg/ml killed all protoscolices after 20 min. However, this medicinal plant at concentration of 25 mg/ml destroyed all protoscolices in a shorter exposure time (10 min). Therefore, the scolicidal activity of the extract at 10 and 25 mg/ml concentrations was considerably effective in lower concentrations and shorter exposure times. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the ethanolic extract of Z. tenuior produces high scolicidal activity; it may be used as an appropriate and effective scolicidal agent in hydatidosis surgery. This is the first report on the protoscolicidal activity of Z. tenuior.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_5961_9ab9f6472467576921199ddb5909e851.pdf
2016-07-01
376
382
10.22038/ajp.2016.5961
Hydatidosis
Surgery
Medicinal plant
Scolicidal
Hydatid Cyst
Ziziphoratenuior L
Mojtaba
Shahnazi
shahnazi58@yahoo.com
1
Department of Parasitology, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
AUTHOR
Abbas
Azadmehr
azadmehr2014@gmail.com
2
Department of Immunology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Robabeh
Latiffi
azadmehr2012@gmail.com
3
Department of Parasitology, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
AUTHOR
Reza
Hajiaghaee
rhajiaghaee@yahoo.com
4
Department of Pharmacognosy & Pharmaceutics Department of Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehrzad
Saraei
azadmehr2010@gmail.com
5
Department of Parasitology, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahmood
Alipour
shahnazi2013@gmail.com
6
Department of Social Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
AUTHOR
Adas G, Arikan S, Kemik O, Oner A, Sahip N, Karatepe O. 2009. Use of albendazole sulfoxide, albendazole sulfone, and combined solutions as scolicidal agents on hydatid cysts (in vitro study).World J Surg, 15: 112–116.
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Shahnazi M, Badakhsh F, Azadmehr A, Saraei M, Alipour M, Shahnazi M, Jamshidi M. 2014. Study of protoscolicidal effects of hypertonic glucose on protoscolices of hydatid cyst at different concentrations and exposure times. International Scholary Research Notices, Article ID 314502, 5 pages.
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34
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Novel delivery system for natural products: Nano-curcumin formulations
Objective: Curcumin is extracted from Curcuma longa and regulates the intracellular signal pathways which control the growth of cancerous cell, inflammation, invasion and apoptosis. Curcumin molecules have special intrinsic features that can target the intracellular enzymes, genome (DNA) and messengers (RNA). A wide range of studies have been conducted on the physicochemical traits and pharmacological effects of curcumin on different diseases like cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer’s, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and even it has wound healing. Oral bioavailability of curcumin is rather poor, which would certainly put some boundaries in the employment of this drug. Materials and Methods: Bibliographical searches were performed using MEDLINE/ScienceDirect/OVID up to February 2015 using the following keywords (all fields): (“Curcumin” OR “Curcuma longa”) AND [(nanoparticles) OR (Nanomicelles) OR (micro emulsions) OR (liposome) OR (phospholipid). Results: Consequently, for any developments of curcumin in the future, analogues of curcumin that have better bioavailability or substitute formulations are needed crucially. Conclusion: These studies indicated that nanotechnology can formulate curcumin effectively, and this nano-formulated curcumin with a potent ability against various cancer cells, were represented to have better efficacy and bioavailability under in vivo conditions.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_6187_fa00aef51aa9891d1f1325eaef72a8a9.pdf
2016-07-01
383
398
10.22038/ajp.2016.6187
Curcumin
Curcumin Nano formulations
Nano micelle
Hamid Reza
Rahimi
rahimihr@mums.ac.ir
1
Students Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
AUTHOR
Reza
Nedaeinia
nedaeinr901@mums.ac.ir
2
Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Alireza
Sepehri Shamloo
sepehria871@gmail.com
3
Students Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
AUTHOR
Shima
Nikdoust
nikdousts901@mums.ac.ir
4
Students Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
AUTHOR
Reza
Kazemi Oskuee
oskueekr@mums.ac.ir
5
Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Anand P, Kunnumakkara AB, Newman RA, Aggarwal BB.2007. Bioavailability of curcumin: problems and promises. Mole pharma, 4:807-818
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2
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Neuroprotective effects of Withania coagulans root extract on CA1 hippocampus following cerebral ischemia in rats
Objective: Oxygen free radicals may be implicated in the pathogenesis of ischemia reperfusion damage. The beneficial effects of antioxidant nutrients, as well as complex plant extracts, on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injuries are well known. This study was conducted to determine the effects of the hydro-alcoholic root extract of Withania coagulans on CA1 hippocampus oxidative damages following global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rat. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided in five groups: control, sham operated, Ischemia/ Reperfiusion (IR), and Withania Coagulans Extract (WCE) 500 and 1000mg/kg + I/R groups. Ischemia was induced by ligation of bilateral common carotid arteries for 30 min after 30 days of WCE administration. Three days after, the animals were sacrificed, their brains were fixed for histological analysis (NISSL and TUNEL staining) and some samples were prepared for measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in hippocampus. Results: WCE showed neuroprotective activity by significant decrease in MDA level and increase in the SOD, CAT and GPx activity in pretreated groups as compared to I/R groups (p<0.001). The number of intact neurons was increased while the number of TUNEL positive neurons in CA1 hippocampal region in pretreated groups were decreased as compared to I/R group (p<0.001). Conclusion: WCE showed potent neuroprotective activity against oxidative stress-induced injuries caused by global cerebral ischemia/ reperfusion in rats probably by radical scavenging and antioxidant activities.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_6261_0eae4589c4520c6e283ea944c482523a.pdf
2016-07-01
399
409
10.22038/ajp.2016.6261
Withania coagulans
Antioxidant Enzymes
Hippocampus
Ischemia
Rat
Maryam
Sarbishegi
sarbishegi@yahoo.co.in
1
Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
AUTHOR
Zahra
Heidari
histology_iri@yahoo.com
2
Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, and Department of histology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical sciences, Zahedan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hamidreza
Mahmoudzadeh- Sagheb
histology@ymail.com
3
Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohharam
Valizadeh
m.valizadeh@anrs.usb.ac.ir
4
Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant, High Complex Education of Saravan, Saravan, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahboobeh
Doostkami
mahtab amiri@yahoo.com
5
Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
AUTHOR
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57
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Ctotoxic and apoptogenic effects of Perovskia abrotanoides flower extract on MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines
Objective: Perovskia abrotanoides Karel, belongs to the family Lamiaceae and grows wild alongside the mountainous roads inarid and cold climate of Northern Iran. The anti-tumor activity of P. abrotanoides root extract has been shown previously. This study was designed to examine in vitro anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of flower extract of P. abrotanoides on MCF-7 and Hela cell lines. Materials and Methods: Cells were cultured in DMEM medium with 10% fetal bovine serum, 100 units/ml penicillin and 100 µg/ml streptomycin and incubated with different concentrations of plant extracts. Cell viability was quantified by MTT assay. Apoptotic cells were determined using propidium iodide (PI) staining of DNA fragmentation by flow cytometry (sub-G1 peak). Results: P. abrotanoides extract inhibited the growth of malignant cells in a time and dose-dependent manner and 1000 µg/ml of extract following 48h of incubation was the most cytotoxic dose against Hela cell in comparison with other doses; however, in MCF-7 cells,1000 and 500 µg/ml PA induced toxicity at all time points but with different features.. Analysis of flowcytometry histogram of treated cells compared with control cells indicated that the cytotoxic effect is partly due toapoptosis induction. Conclusion: Hydro-alcoholic extract of P. abrotanoides flowers inhibits the growth of MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines, partly via inducing apoptosis. Their inhibitory effect was increased in a time and dose-dependent manner, especially in MCF7 cells. However, further studies are needed to reveal the mechanisms of P. abrotanoides extract-induced cell death.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_6263_230bf2d1ce8678f7e5684bf83ca7ee5f.pdf
2016-07-01
410
417
10.22038/ajp.2016.6263
Perovskia abrotanoides
Breast Cancer
Cervical Cancer
Apoptosis
MCF-7
HeLa
Mohamad Ali
Geryani
geryanima@mums.ac.ir
1
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Davood
Mahdian
mahdiand881@mums.ac.ir
2
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Seyed Hadi
Mousavi
mousavih@mums.ac.ir
3
Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Azar
Hosseini
hoseiniaz@mums.ac.ir
4
Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Abu-Dahab R, Abdallah MR, Kasabrik V, Mhaida NM , Afifi, FU. 2015. Mechanistic studies of antiproliferative effects of Salvia triloba and Salvia dominica (Lamiaceae) on breast cancer cell lines (MCF7 and T47D). Z. Naturforsch, 69: 443-451.
1
Aoyagia, Y, Takahashit, Y, Satake, Y, Takeya, K, Aiyama, R, Matsuzaki, T, Hashimoto, S Kurihara, T. 2006. Cytotoxicity of abietane diterpenoids from Perovskia abrotanoides and of their semisynthetic analogues. Bioorg Med Chem, 14: 5285-5291.
2
Ashraf S N, Zubair M, Rizwan K, Tareen R B, Rasool N, Zia-Ul-Haq M, Ercisli S. 2014. Compositional studies and biological activities of Perovskia abrotanoides Kar. oils. Biol Res, 47: 1-9.
3
Bai, A, Lu N, Guo Y, Fan X. 2008. Tanshinone IIA ameliorates trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced murine colitis. Dig Dis Sci, 53: 421-428.
4
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Beikmohammadi M. 2012. The evaluation of medicinal properties of Perovskia abrotanoides Karel. Middle-East J Sci Res, 11: 189-193.
6
Bolourian – Kashy M. 2007. Extraction, isolation, purification and structure elucidation of tanshinones from the dried roots of Perovskia abrotanoides Karel. Using spectroscopic methods and evaluation of their biological activity. pharmacy signaling, university of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Choi MS, Cho DL, Choi HK, Im S Y, Ryu SY, Kim KM. 2004. Molecular mechanisms of inhibitory activities of tanshinones on Lipopolysaccharide-lnduced nitric oxide generation in RAW 264.7 cells. Arch Pharm Res, 27:1233-1237.
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Fang J, Xu, SW, Wang P, Tang FT, Zhou SG, Gao, J, Chen JW, Huang HQ. Liu, PQ. 2010. Tanshinone II-A attenuates cardiac fibrosis and modulates collagen metabolism in rats with renovascular hypertension. Phytomedicine, 18: 58-64.
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Jiang B, Zhang L, Wang Y, Li M, Wu W, Guan S, Liu X, Yang M, Wang J, Guo DA. 2009. Tanshinone IIA sodium sulfonate protects against cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin in vitro and in vivo. Food and Chemical Toxicology(FCT), 47: 1538-1544.
15
Kim D H, Kim S, Jeon S J, Son, K H, Lee S, Yoon B H, Cheong J H, Ko K H Ryu J H. 2009. Tanshinone I enhances learning and memory, and ameliorates memory impairment in mice via the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase signalling pathway. Br J Pharmacol, 158: 1131-1142.
16
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17
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18
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19
Mazandarani M, Beykmohammadi M , Bayat H. 2010. Ethno pharmacology and investigation secondary metabolites of Perovskia abrotanoides Karel. in two natural regions, North of Iran. J Plant Sci Res, 4: 69-77.
20
Mousavi S H, Tavakkol-Afshari, J, Brook A, Jafari-Anarkooli I. 2009. Direct toxicity of Rose Bengal in MCF-7 cell line: role of apoptosis. Food Chem Toxicol, 47: 855-859.
21
Safaeighomi J, Batooli H. 2010. Determination of bioac tive molecules from flowers, leaves, stems and roots of Perovskia abrotanoides Karel growing in central Iran by nano scale injection. DIG J NANOMATER BIOS, 5: 551-556.
22
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24
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26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of Persian leek (Allium ampeloprasum) on hepatic lipids and the expression of proinflammatory gene in hamsters fed a high-fat/ high-cholesterol diet
Objective: Persian leek is one of the most widely used herbal foods among Iranians. In this study, effects of oral administration of Persian leek on plasma and liver lipids were examined in hamster. Materials and Methods: Male Syrian hamsters were randomly divided into three groups: control (standard diet), high fat control (high-fat/high-cholesterol diet), Persian leek (high-fat/high-cholesterol diet + 1% per weight of diet from dried powdered Persian leek) for 14 weeks. Results: High fat diet increased plasma and liver lipids as compared to standard diet. Adding Persian leek to the high-fat/high-cholesterol diet resulted in no significant changes in the concentration of the plasma lipids or liver cholesterol. However, liver triglycerides (TG), plasma Alanine aminotransferase and gene expression of tumor necrosis factor- α were decreased in hamsters fed high-fat diet containing Persian leek as compared to high-fat diet only. Conclusion: Persian leek might be considered as a herbal food that can reduce liver TG accumulation induced by high fat diets.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_6351_7748482ae108974fe447938a96916a0c.pdf
2016-07-01
418
424
10.22038/ajp.2016.6351
Leek
High fat
Liver lipids
Hyperlipidemia
Vahideh
Fatoorechi
vahideh.fatoorechi@gmail.com
1
Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Marjan
Rismanchi
rismanchimarjan@yahoo.com
2
Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Javad
Nasrollahzadeh
jnasrollahzadeh@gmail.com
3
National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abidi P, Chen W, Kraemer FB, Li H, Liu J. 2006. The medicinal plant goldenseal is a natural LDL-lowering agent with multiple bioactive components and new action mechanisms. J Lipid Res, 47:2134-2147.
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Bernaert N, De Paepe D, Bouten C, De Clercq H, Stewart D, Van Bockstaele E, De Loose M, Van Droogenbroeck B. 2012. Antioxidant capacity, total phenolic and ascorbate content as a function of the genetic diversity of leek (Allium ampeloprasum var. porrum). Food Chem, 134:669-677.
3
Bernaert N, Wouters D, De Vuyst L, De Paepe D, De Clercq H, Van Bockstaele E, De Loose M, Van Droogenbroeck B. 2013. Antioxidant changes of leek (Allium ampeloprasum var. porrum) during spontaneous fermentation of the white shaft and green leaves. J Sci Food Agric, 93:2146-2153.
4
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14
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15
Karimi N, Bareemizadeh F, Ghasempour H. 2013. The Comparision GC And GC-MS Of Allium Ampeloprasum L. Var, Atroviolaceum Regel And Allium Iranicum Wendelbo. 2nd National Congress on Medicinal Plants Tehran- Iran.
16
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36
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Phytochemical screening and evaluation of antioxidant activities of Dracocephalum kotschyi and determination of its luteolin content
Objective: Dracocephalum kotschyi (Lamiaceae family) has been usedin traditional medicine for stomach and liver disorders, headache and congestion. In the present study, we have investigated phytochemical properties and antioxidant activities of dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of D.kotschyi. Material and Methods: Antioxidant activities of extracts were evaluated using the integration of HPLC-DPPH and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. In addition, the luteolincontent was determined using HPLC method. Results: The highest antioxidant activity was observed for the methanol extract (among the three tested extracts) showing 50% DPPH scavenging activity at 4.85µg/ml as compared to butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) and ascorbic acid (3.00 µg/ml, 0.97 µg/ml). Also, luteolin was detected in methanol extract; it was identified by comparing its retention time and DAD spectra with standard and it was one of antioxidant components of this plant. In addition, the antioxidant activity of methanol extract was higher than BHT, in FRAP assay. Total phenolic content was in the range of 11.62-22.29 mg Gallic acid /gram of dry extract and flavonoid content was in the range of 3.97-5.042 mg Quercetin/ gram of extract for dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts. The quantity of luteolin in D.kotschyiwas found to be 1061.005 µg/g of dried plant. Conclusion: The results of this investigation indicated that luteolin plays major role in the antioxidant activity of the plant.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_6377_c1cecac2bf89b960665aa0e4382355aa.pdf
2016-07-01
425
433
10.22038/ajp.2016.6377
Antioxidant
Dracocephalum kotschyi
Luteolin
HPLC
Mansureh
Kamali
kamali_1352@yahoo.com
1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Quchan Azad University, Quchan, Iran
AUTHOR
Susan
Khosroyar
susankhosroyar@yahoo.com
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, Quchan Azad University, Quchan, Iran
AUTHOR
Hossein
Kamali
h.kamali62@yahoo.com
3
Natural Products & Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
AUTHOR
Tooba
Ahmadzadeh Sani
npsmp.rc@gmail.com
4
School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Ameneh
Mohammadi
ameneh.mohamadi@yahoo.com
5
Natural Products & Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ashokkumar P, Sudhandiran G. 2008. Protective role of luteolin on the status of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense against azoxy methane–induced experimental colon carcinogenesis. Biomed. Pharmacother, 62: 590-597.
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41
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Protective effect of Viola tricolor and Viola odorata extracts on serum/glucose deprivation-induced neurotoxicity: role of reactive oxygen species
Objective: Oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathophysiology of brain ischemia and neurodegenerative disorders.Previous studies indicated that Viola tricolor and Viola odorataare rich sources of antioxidants. This study aimed to determine whether these plants protect neurons against serum/glucose deprivation (SGD)-induced cell death in an in vitro model of ischemia and neurodegeneration. Methods and Material: The PC12 neuronal cells were pretreated for 4 hr with 1 to 50 µg/ml of V. odorata or V. tricolor hydroalcoholic extracts followed by 24 hr incubation under SGD condition. Cell viability was evaluated by 4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay. The level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was quantitated by flow cytometry using 2',7'- dichlorofluorescin diacetate as a probe. Results: SGD condition led to significant decrease in cell viability (p < 0.001). Pretreatment with both V. tricolor and V. odorata extracts reduced the SGD-induced cytotoxicity. SGD resulted in a significant increase in intracellular ROS production (p < 0.001). Both extracts at concentrations of 25 and 50 µg/ml could reverse the increased ROS production (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Results of the present study showed that V. tricolor and V. odorata protect neuronal cells against SGD-induced cell death, at least in part, by their antioxidant activities. Further studies on the possible application of these plants in prevention or treatment of cerebral ischemia and neurodegenerative diseases seem to be warranted.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_6327_a56afacd18d062f7e9e5eab94bfd931c.pdf
2016-07-01
434
441
10.22038/ajp.2016.6327
PC12
Reactive Oxygen Species
Viola tricolor
Viola odorata
Seyed Hadi
Mousavi
mousavih@mums.ac.ir
1
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Behnaz
Naghizade
behnaz5287@yahoo.com
2
Payam Noor Shargh, Tehran University of Basic Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Solmaz
Pourgonabadi
pourgonabadip891@mums.ac.ir
3
Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Ahmad
Ghorbani
ghorbania@mums.ac.ir
4
Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Alinejad B, Ghorbani A, Sadeghnia HR. 2013. Effects of combinations of curcumin, linalool, rutin, safranal, and thymoquinone on glucose/serum deprivation-induced cell death. Avicenna J Phytomed, 3: 321-328.
1
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2
Asadpour E, Ghorbani A, Sadeghnia HR. 2014. Water-soluble compounds of lettuce inhibit DNA damage and lipid peroxidation induced by glucose/serum deprivation in N2a cells. Acta Pol Pharm, 71: 409-413.
3
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4
Broughton BRS, Reutens DC, Sobey CG. 2009. Apoptotic mechanisms after cerebral ischemia. Stroke, 40: e331-e339.
5
Duke JA, Bogenschutz-Godwin MJ, Ducelliar J, Duke PAK. 2002. Sweet Violet (Viola odorata L.) Handbook of Medicinal Herbs. 2nd edition Boca Raton: CRC Press, 715.
6
Ebrahimzadeh MA, Nabavi SM, Nabavi SF, Bahramian F, Bekhradnia AR. 2010. Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of H. officinalis L. var. angustifolius, V. odorata, B. hyrcana and C. speciosum. Pak J Pharm Sci, 23:29-34.
7
Fisher M. 2001. Stroke therapy, 2nd edn. Butter worth-Heinemann, Boston, pp 25-50.
8
Forouzanfar F, Goli AA, Asadpour E, Ghorbani A, Sadeghnia HR. 2013. Protective effect of Punica granatum L. against serum/glucose deprivation-induced PC12 cells injury. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 7167730.
9
Ghorbani A, Hadjzadeh MR, Rajaei Z, Zendehbad SB. 2014. Effects of fenugreek seeds on adipogenesis and lipolysis in normal and diabetic rat. Pak J Biol Sci, 17: 523-528.
10
Ghorbani A, Youssofabad N.J, and Rakhshandeh H. 2012. Effect of Viola tricolor on pentobarbital-induced sleep in mice. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol, 6: 2503-2509.
11
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12
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13
Gonçalves AFK, Friedrich RB, Boligon AA, Piana M, Beck RCR, Athayde ML. 2012. Anti-oxidant capacity, total phenolic contents and HPLC determination of rutin in Viola tricolor (L) flowers. Free Radicals Antioxid, 2: 32-37.
14
Hajzadeh MA, Afshari JT, Ghorbani A, Shakeri MT. 2007. Antiproliferative property of aqueous extract of garlic on human larynx tumour and non-tumour mouse fibroblast cell lines. Australian J Med Herbalism, 19: 33-37.
15
Hillion JA, Takahashi K, Maric D, Ruetzler C, Barker JL, Hallenbeck JM. 2005. Development of an ischemic tolerance model in a PC12 cell line. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 25:154-162.
16
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Khan MM, Ahmad A, Ishrat T, Khuwaja G, Srivastawa P, Khan MB, Raza SS, Javed H, Vaibhav K, Khan A, Islam F. 2009. Rutin protects the neural damage induced by transient focal ischemia in rats. Brain Res, 1292: 123-135.
18
Love S. 1999. Oxidative stress in brain ischemia. Brain Pathol, 9:119- 131.
19
Manzanero S, Santro T, Arumugam TV. 2013. Neuronal oxidative stress in acute ischemic stroke: Sources and contribution to cell injury. Neurochem Int, 62: 712-718.
20
Mortazavian SM, Ghorbani A. 2012. Antiproliferative effect of viola tricolor on neuroblastoma cells in vitro. Australian J Herbal Med, 24: 93-96.
21
Mortazavian SM, Ghorbani A, Hesari TG. 2012. Effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Viola tricolor and its fractions on proliferation of uterine cervix carcinoma cells. Iran J Obstet Gynecol and Infertil, 15: 9-16.
22
Mousavi SH, Asghari M, Tayarani-Najaran Z, Sadeghnia HR. 2010. Protective effect of Nigella sativa extract and thymoquinone on serum/glucose deprivation-induced PC12 cells death. Cell Mol Neurobiol, 30: 591-598.
23
Navarro-Yepes J, Zavala-Floresa L, Anandhana A, Wangc F, Skotakc M, Chandrac N, Lid M, Pappag A, Martinez-Fongf D, Del Razoe LM, Quintanilla-Vegae B, Franco R. 2014. Antioxidant gene therapy against neuronal cell death. Pharmacol Ther, 142: 206-230.
24
Ochiaia T, Ohnoa S, Soedaa S, Tanakab H, Shoyamab Y, Shimenoa H. 2004. Crocin prevents the death of rat pheochromyctoma (PC12) cells by its antioxidant effects stronger than those of atocopherol. Neurosci Lett, 362:61-64.
25
Piana M, Zadra M, de Brum TF, Boligon AA, Gonçalves AF, da Cruz RC, de Freitas RB, do Canto GS, Athayde ML. 2013. Analysis of rutin in the extract and gel of Viola tricolor. J Chromatogr Sci, 51: 406-411.
26
Sadeghnia HR, Farahmand SK, Asadpour E, Rakhshandeh H, Ghorbani A. 2012. Neuroprotective effect of Lactuca sativa on glucose/serum deprivation-induced cell death. . Afr J Pharm Pharmacol, 6: 2464-2471.
27
Sadeghnia HR, Ghorbani Hesari T, Mortazavian SM, Mousavi SH, Tayarani-Najaran Z, Ghorbani A. 2014. Viola tricolor induces apoptosis in cancer cells and exhibits antiangiogenic activity on chicken chorioallantoic membrane. BioMed Research International: 625792.
28
Sadeghnia HR, Yousefsani BS, Rashidfar M, Boroushaki MT, Asadpour E, Ghorbani A. 2013. Protective effect of rutin on hexachlorobutadiene-induced nephrotoxicity. Ren Fail, 35: 1151-1155.
29
Toiu A, Muntean E, Oniga L, Vostinaru O, Tamas M. 2009. Pharmacognostic research on Viola tricolor L. (Violaceae). Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi, 113:246-247.
30
Vishal A, Parveen K, Pooja S, Kannappan N, Kumar S. 2009. Diuretic, laxative and toxicity Studies of Viola odorata aerial parts. Pharmacol online, 1:739-748.
31
Vukics V, Kery A, Guttman A. 2008a. Analysis of polar antioxidants in Heartsease (Viola tricolor L.) and Garden pansy (Viola x wittrockiana Gams.). J Chromatogr Sci, 46: 823-827.
32
Vukics V, Kery A, Bonn GK, Guttman A. 2008b. Major flavonoid components of heartsease (Viola tricolor L.) and their antioxidant activities. Anal Bioanal Chem, 390:1917-1925.
33
Wang H, Joseph JA. 1999. Quantifying cellular oxidative stress by dichlorofluorescein assay using microplate reader. Free Radic Biol Med, 27:612-616.
34
Witkowska-Banaszczak E, Bylka W, Matlawska I, Goslinska O, Muszynski Z. 2005. Antimicrobial activity of Viola tricolor herb. Fitoterapia, 76:458-461.
35
Woronowicz A, Amith SR, Davis VW, Jayanth P, De Vusser K, Laroy W, Contreras R, Meakin SO, Szewczuk MR. 2007. Trypanosome trans-sialidase mediates neuroprotection against oxidative stress, serum/glucose deprivation, and hypoxiainduced neurite retraction in Trk-expressing PC12 cells. Glycobiology, 17:725-734.
36
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37
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The effects of crocin and safranal on the yawning induced by intracerebroventricular injection of histamine in rats
Objective: Crocin and safranal, as the major constituents of saffron, have many biological activities. This study investigated the effects of crocin and safranal on yawning response induced by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of histamine in rats. Materials and Methods: In ketamine/xylazine-anesthetized rats, a guide cannula was implanted in the right ventricle of the brain and yawning induced by i.c.v. injection of histamine. Crocin and safranal were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected alone and before i.c.v. injection of histamine. Results: Histamine at the doses of 10 and 20 µg/rat produced yawning. Mepyramine (a histamine H1 receptor antagonist) 40 µg/rat significantly (p<0.05) prevented histamine (20 µg/rat)-induced yawning. Crocin (30 mg/kg) and safranal (1 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.05) increased histamine (10 µg/rat)-induced yawning. Crocin and safranal also induced yawning when injected before mepyramine plus histamine administration. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed a yawning-inducing effect for central histamine, which was inhibited by mepyramine. Crocin and safranal increased histamine-induced yawning, and also produced yawning when the histamine action is blocked.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_6400_1795218df9706173f7d288252309be2c.pdf
2016-07-01
442
448
10.22038/ajp.2016.6400
Crocin
Histamine
Safranal
Yawning
Mina
Taati
minataati68@gmail.com
1
Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia 57153-1177, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Amir
Erfanparast
erfanparast@gmail.com
2
Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia 57153-1177, Iran
AUTHOR
Esmaeal
Tamaddonfard
etamaddonfard@yahoo.com
3
Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia 57153-1177, Iran
AUTHOR
Hamid
Ghasemi
ghasemi.h1986@gmail.com
4
Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia 57153-1177, Iran
AUTHOR
Amin B, Hosseinzadeh H. 2012. Evaluation of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of saffron, Crocus sativus L, and its constituents, safranal and crocin in allodynia and hyperalgesia induced by chronic constriction injury model of neuropathic pain in rats. Fitoterapia, 83: 888-895.
1
Assimopolou AN, Sinakos Z, Papageorgiou VP. 2005. Radical scavenging activity of Crocus sativus L. extract and its bioactive constituents. Phytother Res, 19: 997-1000.
2
Boskabady MH, Tabatabaee A, Byrami G. 2012. The effect of the extract of Crocus sativus and its constituent safranal, on lung inflammation of ovalbumin sensitized guinea-pigs. Phytomedicine, 19: 904-911.
3
Boskabady M.H, Rahbardar M.G, Jafari Z. 2011. The effect of safranal on histamine H1 receptors of guinea pig tracheal chains. Fitoterapia, 82: 162–167.
4
Collins GT, Eguibar JR. 2010. Neuropharmacology of yawning. Front Neurol Neurosci, 28: 90-106.
5
Collins GT, Witkin GM, Newman AH, Svensson KA, Grundt P, Cao J, Woods JH. 2005. Dopamine-agonist induced yawning in rats: a dopamine D3 receptor-mediated behavior. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 314: 310–319.
6
Ferrari F, Baggio G. 1985. Influence of cimetidine, ranitidine and imidazol on the behavioral effects of (+/-) N-n-propylnorapomorphine in male rats. Psychopharmacology (Berlin), 85: 197-200.
7
Gadrdoost B, Vafaei AA, Rashidy-Pour A, Hajisoltani R, Bandegi AR, Motamedi F, Haghighi S, Sameni HR, Pahlavan S. 2011. Protective effects of saffron extract and its active constituent crocin against oxidative stress and spatial learning and memory deficts induced by chronic stress in rats. Eur J Pharmacol, 667: 222-229.
8
Haas HL, Sergeeva OA, Selbach O. 2008. Histamine in the nervous system. Physiol Rev, 88: 1183-1241.
9
Li SM, Collins GT, Paul NM, Grundt P, Newman AH, Xu M, Grandy DK, Woods JH, Katz JL. 2010. Yawning and locomotor behavior induced by dopamine receptor agonists in mice and rats. Behav Pharmacol, 21: 171-181.
10
Nam KN, Park YM, Jung HJ, Lee JY, Min BD, Park SU, Jung WS, Cho KH, Kang I, Hong JW, Lee EH. 2010. Anti-inflammatory effects of crocin and crocetin in rats brain Epub ahead of print 11 microglial cells. Eur J Pharmacol, 648: 110-116.
11
Paxinos G, Watson C. 1997. The rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates. Compact Third Edition, Academic Press, San Diego.
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Rios JL, Recio MC, Ginger RM, Manz S. 1996. An update review of saffron and its active constituents. Phytother Res, 10: 189-193.
13
Seki Y, Nakatani Y, Kita I, Sato-Suzuki I, Oguri M, Arita H. 2003. Light induces cortical activation and yawning in rats. Behav Brain Res, 140: 65–73.
14
Seki Y, Sato-Suzuki I, Kita I, Oguri M, Arita H. 2002. Yawning/ cortical activation induced by microinjection of histamine into the paraventricular nucleus of the rat. Behav Brain Res, 134: 75–82.
15
Schmidt M, Betti G, Hensel A. 2007. Saffron in phytotherapy: pharmacology and clinical uses. Wien Med Wochenschr, 157: 315-319.
16
Tamaddonfard E, Farshid AA, Ahmadian E, Hamidhoseyni A. 2013a. Crocin enhanced functional recovery after sciatic nerve crush injury in rats. Iran J Basic Med Sci, 16: 83-90.
17
Tamaddonfard E, Farshid AA, Asri-Rezaee S, Javadi S, Khosravi V, Rahman B, Mirfakhraee Z. 2013b. Crocin improved learning and memory impairments in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Iran J Basic Med Sci, 16: 91-100.
18
Tamaddonfard E, Farshid AA, Eghdami K, Samadi F, Erfanparast A. 2013c. Comparison of the effects of crocin, safranal and diclofenac on local inflammation and inflammatory pain responses induced by carrageenan in rats. Pharmacol Rep, 65: 1272-1280
19
Tamaddonfard E. 2013d. Turmeric active substance, curcumin, enhanced apomorphine-induced yawning in rats. Avicenna J Phytomed, 3: 231-237
20
Tamaddonfard E, HamzehGooshchi N, Seiednejhad-Yamchi S. 2012a.Central effect of crocin on penicillin-induced epileptiform activity in rats. Pharmacol Rep, 64: 94-101.
21
Tamaddonfard E, Farshid AA, Hosseini L. 2012b. Crocin alleviates the local paw edema induced by histamine in rats. Avicenna J Phytomed, 2: 97-104.
22
Tamaddonfard E, Soraya H, Hamzeh-Gooshchi N. 2008a. Central interaction between physostigmine and histamine during yawning in rats. Pharmacol Rep, 60: 896–903
23
Tamaddonfard E, Khalilzadeh E, Hamzeh-Gooshchi N, Seiednejhad-Yamchi S. 2008b.Central effect of histamine in a rat model of acute trigeminal pain. Pharmacol Rep, 60: 219–224.
24
Walusinski O. 2009. Yawning in diseases. Eur Neurol, 62: 180-187.
25
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Hydroalcoholic extract of needles of Pinus eldarica enhances pentobarbital-induced sleep: possible involvement of GABAergic system
Objective: Insomnia is accompanied by several health complications and the currently used soporific drugs can induce several side effects such as psychomotor impairment, amnesia, and tolerance. The present study was planned to investigate the sleep prolonging effect of Pinus eldarica. Materials and Methods: Hydroalcoholic extract (HAE) of P. eldarica, its water fraction (WF), ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) and n-butanol fraction (NBF) were injected (intraperitoneally) to mice 30 min before administration of pentobarbital. Then, the latent period and continuous sleeping time were recorded. Also, LD50 of P. eldarica extract was determined and the possible neurotoxicity of the extract was tested on neural PC12 cells. Results: The HAE and NBF decreased the latency of sleep (p<0.05) and significantly increased duration of sleep (p<0.05) induced by pentobarbital. These effects of P. eldarica were reversed by flumazenil. The LD50 value for HAE was found to be 4.8 g/Kg. HAE and its fractions did not show neurotoxic effects in cultured PC12-cell line. Conclusion: The present data indicate that P. eldarica potentiated pentobarbital hypnosis without major toxic effect. Most probably, the main components responsible for this effect are non-polar agents which are found in NBF of this plant.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_6451_901d9c6fef738f7f7d78a95c05e75cff.pdf
2016-07-01
449
457
10.22038/ajp.2016.6451
insomnia
Diazepam
Pinuseldarica
Sleep
PC12
Fatemeh
Forouzanfar
forouzanfarf901@mums.ac.ir
1
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Ahmad
Ghorbani
ghorbania@mums.ac.ir
2
Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Hasan
Rakhshandeh
rakhshandehh@mums.ac.ir
3
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mahmoud
Hosseini
sfsfsdfs@mums.ac.ir
4
Neurocognitive Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Akhila JS, Shyamjith D, Alwar MC. 2007. Acute toxicity studies and determination of median lethal dose. Curr Sci, 93: 917-920.
1
Currie G, Wheat J. 2007. Insomnia: An overview of herbal treatments. Internet J Altern Med, 5.
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Edewor-Kuponiyi TI. 2013. Plant-derived compounds with potential sedative and anxiolytic activities. Int J Basic Appl Sci, 2: 63-78.
4
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5
Ghorbani A, Asadpour E, Sadeghnia HR. 2015. Mechanism of protective effect of lettuce against glucose/serum deprivation-induced neurotoxicity. Nutr Neurosci, 18: 103-109.
6
Ghorbani A, Hadjzadeh MR, Rajaei Z, Zendehbad SB. 2014.Effects of fenugreek seeds on adipogenesis and lipolysis in normal and diabetic rat.Pak J Biol Sci, 17: 523-528.
7
Ghorbani A, Youssofabad NJ, Rakhshandeh H. 2012. Effect of Viola tricolor on pentobarbital-induced sleep in mice. Afri J Pharm Pharmacol, 6: 2503-2509.
8
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Mortazavian SM, Ghorbani A, Hesari TG. 2012. Effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Viola tricolor and its fractions on proliferation of uterine cervix carcinoma cells. Iran J Obst Gyncol Infertil, 15: 9-16.
25
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27
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31
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44
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The effect of Allium sativum (Garlic) extract on infectious bronchitis virus in specific pathogen free embryonic egg
Objective: Garlic is a plant has been used as a flavor, and anti-microbial and anti-diarrheal agent. Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a coronavirus. The available vaccines against IBV cannot cover new variants. This study evaluated the inhibitory effects of garlic extract on IBV. Materials and Methods: The constituents of garlic extract were detected by gas chromatography. This study was done in four groups of embryonic SPF eggs; first group was used for virus titration; second group received the mixture of different virus titration and constant amount of garlic extract; third group received 10-3 titration of virus and after 8 hr received garlic extract and the last group received different dilutions of garlic extract. Results: Based on our results, in the second group, IBV vaccine strain (4/91) at all titration and M41 in 10-2 and 10-3 titration and in the third group both variants of virus the embryonic Index (EI) was significantly increased. Conclusion: The garlic extract had inhibitory effects on IBV in the chickens embryo.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_6455_b12ce3bc382a2e65f28416324779d1d6.pdf
2016-07-01
458
467
10.22038/ajp.2016.6455
Infectious Bronchitis Virus
Garlic extract
Embryonic Index
Herbal Medicine
Antiviral
Tabassom
Mohajer Shojaei
mohajer.tabassom1991@gmail.com
1
Department of Avian Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Arash
Ghalyanchilangeroudi
arashghalyanchi@gmail.com
2
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Vahid
Karimi
vkarimi@ut.ac.ir
3
Department of Avian Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Abbas
Barin
abarin05@gmail.com
4
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Naser
Sadri
naser.sadri@ymail.com
5
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Bayan L, Koulivand PH, Gorji A. 2014. Garlic: a review of potential therapeutic effects. Avicenna J Phytomed, 4:1-14.
1
Cavanagh D. 2007. Coronavirus avian infectious bronchitis virus. Vet Res, 38: 281-297.
2
Chen C, Zuckerman DM, Brantley S, Sharpe M, Childress K, Hoiczyk E, Pendleton AR. 2014. Sambucus nigra extracts inhibit infectious bronchitis virus at an early point during replication. BMC Vet Res, 10:24.
3
de Wit JJ, Cook JK. 2014. Factors influencing the outcome of infectious bronchitis vaccination and challenge experiments. Avian Pathol, 43:485-497.
4
Delaha EC, Garagusi VF. 1985. Inhibition of mycobacteria by garlic extract (Allium sativum). Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 27:485-486.
5
Dhinakar RajG, Suresh KumarK, Nainar A, Nachimuthu K. 2004. Egg: embryo weight ratio as an indicator of dwarfism induced by infectious bronchitis virus. Avian Pathol, 33: 307-309.
6
Dion M, Milner J. 1997. Garlic inhibits cytochrome P450 2E1 mediated chlorzoxazone metabolism. FASEB J,11:A370.
7
Harrison SM, Tarpey I, Rothwell L, Kaiser P, Hiscox JA. 2007. Lithium chloride inhibits the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus in cell culture. Avian Pathol, 36:109-114.
8
Howitt D, Cramer D. 2014. Introduction to SPSS in Psychology: For Version 22 and Earlier: Pearson Education, pp: 104-108.
9
Jackwood MW, Hilt DA, Williams SM, Woolcock P, Cardona C, O'Connor R. 2007. Molecular and serologic characterization, pathogenicity, and protection studies with infectious bronchitis virus field isolates from California. Avian Dis, 51:527-533.
10
Jackwood MW, Rosenbloom R, Petteruti M, Hilt DA, McCall AW, Williams SM. 2010. Avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus susceptibility to botanical oleoresins and essential oils in vitro and in vivo. Virus Res, 149:86-94.
11
Johnson L, Strich H, Taylor A, Timmermann B, Malone D, Teufel‐Shone N, Martinez A 2006. Use of herbal remedies by diabetic Hispanic women in the southwestern United States. Phytother Res, 20:250-255.
12
Li H, Wu J, Zhang Z, Ma Y, Liao F, Zhang Y, Wu G. 2011. Forsythoside a inhibits the avian infectious bronchitis virus in cell culture. Phytother Res, 25: 338-342.
13
Maclachlan NJ, Dubovi EJ. 2010. Fenner's veterinary virology (4th Eds): Coronaviridae, pp:410-412, Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier.
14
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15
Raj GD, Jones RC. 1997. Infectious bronchitis virus: Immunopathogenesis of infection in the chicken. Avian Pathol, 26: 677-706.
16
Rose P, Whiteman M, Moore PK, Zhu YZ. 2005. Bioactive S-alk (en) yl cysteine sulfoxide metabolites in the genus Allium: the chemistry of potential therapeutic agents. Nat Prod Rep, 22:351-368.
17
Suleria HAR, Butt MS, Khalid N, Sultan S, Raza A, Aleem M, Abbas M. 2015. Garlic (Allium sativum): diet based therapy of 21st century–a review. Asian Pac J Trop Dis, 5:271-278.
18
van der Meer F, de Haan C, Schuurman N, Haijema B, Peumans W, Van DammeE, Egberink H. 2007. Antiviral activity of carbohydrate-binding agents against Nidovirales in cell culture. Antiviral Res, 76:21-29.
19
Wang X, Liu R, Yang Y, Zhang M. 2015. Isolation, Purification and Identification of Antioxidants in an Aqueous Aged Garlic Extract. Food Chem. 15;187:37-43.
20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Therapeutic effect of frankincense in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease
Objective: Frankincense improves memory in different models of learning. However, its influence on models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has not been studied widely. In the present study, the therapeutic effect of frankincense was evaluated in a model of AD induced by i.c.v administration of streptozotocin. Materials and Methods: Under stereotaxic surgery, two guide cannulas were implanted in the lateral ventricles of adult male Wistar rats weighing 230-270 g. One group received streptozotocin (1.5 mg/kg/2μl/side) bilaterally on the first and third day of surgery. Another group received artificial cerebro-spinal fluid. Fourteen days after surgery, learning was evaluated using the passive avoidance paradigm. Four other groups of animals received frankincense (50 mg/kg) or its solvent after establishment of AD for 21 or 42 consecutive days, and then, memory retrieval was assessed. Results: Streptozotocin increased the number of stimulations required for induction of short-term memory and decreased step-through latency on the test day, significantly (p<0.05). Chronic injection of the aqueous extract of frankincense for 21 days did not affect learning parameters, but injection of it for 42 days, significantly increased step-through latency (p<0.05), decreased the number of step-through into the dark compartment (p<0.01) and decreased the time spent in the dark compartment (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results indicate that chronic administration of frankincense has the potential to improve dementia type of AD induced by i.c.v injection of streptozotocin in a time-dependent manner.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_6465_6c970c3e7339e3c5fd66254fc7b7cba1.pdf
2016-07-01
468
475
10.22038/ajp.2016.6465
Streptozotocin
Alzheimer’s disease
Frankincense
Memory
Rat
Siamak
Beheshti
siamak.beheshti@yahoo.com
1
Division of Animal Science, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan
LEAD_AUTHOR
Rezvan
Aghaie
rezvans68@yahoo.com
2
Division of Animal Sciences, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali NA, Wurster M, Arnold N, Teichert A, Schmidt J, Lindequist U, et al. 2008. Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils from the oleogum resins of three endemic Soqotraen Boswellia species. Rec Nat Prod, 2: 6-12.
1
Banno N, Akihisa T, Yasukawa K, Tokuda H, Tabata K, Nakamura Y, et al. 2006. Anti-inflammatory activities of the triterpene acids from the resin of Boswellia carteri. J Ethnopharmacol, 107: 249-253.
2
Beheshti S, Hosseini SA, Noorbakhshnia M, Eivani M. 2014. Role of hippocampal CA1 area gap junction channels on morphine state-dependent learning. Eur J pharmacol, 745: 196-200.
3
Farshchi A, Ghiasi G, Farshchi S, Malek Khatabi P. 2010. Effects of boswellia papyrifera gum extract on learning and memory in mice and rats. Iran J Basic Med Sci, 13: 9-15.
4
Heppner FL, Ransohoff RM, Becher B. 2015. Immune attack: the role of inflammation in Alzheimer disease. Nat Rev Neurosci, 16: 358-372.
5
Hosseini M, Hadjzadeh MA, Derakhshan M, Havakhah S, Rassouli FB, Rakhshandeh H, et al. 2010. The beneficial effects of olibanum on memory deficit induced by hypothyroidism in adult rats tested in Morris water maze. Arch Pharm Res, 33: 463-468.
6
Hosseini M, Shafei MN, Safari V, Taiarani Z, Kafami Ladani m, Sadeghian R. 2012. The effects of olibanum administered to methimazole-treated dams during lactation on learning and memory of offspring rats. Nat Prod Res, 26: 1544-1548.
7
Hosseini Sharifabad M, Esfandiari E. 2007. A morphometeric study on CA3 hippocampal field in young rats following maternal administration of Boswellia serrata resin during gestation. Iran J Basic Med Sci, 10: 176-82.
8
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9
Hosseini-sharifabad M, Esfandiari E. 2015. Effect of Boswellia serrata gum resin on the morphology of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells in aged rat. Anat Sci Int, 90: 47-53.
10
Hosseinzadeh H RM, Akhtar Y, Ziaie ST. 2009. Evaluation of ethyl acetate and N-botanolic fractions of Frankincense on learning and memory of rats in the Morris water maze. J Med Plants, 34: 95-101.
11
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14
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15
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Anxiolytic-like effect of ethanolic extract of Argemone mexicana and its alkaloids in Wistar rats
Objective: Argemone mexicana is a Papaveracea plant; some reports have shown their antibacterial, anti-cancer, sedative and probably anti-anxiety properties. From their aerial parts, flavonoids and alkaloids have been isolated, which are intrinsically related to some actions on the central nervous system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anxiolytic-like effects of the plant, using its ethanolic extract and alkaloid-enriched extract obtained from fresh leaves. Material and Methods: Phytochemical screening was carried out together with evaluation of antioxidant capacity and the enrichment of alkaloids present in the extract. Subsequently, 100 and 200 mg/kg doses of ethanolic extract and alkaloid-enriched extract (200 µg/kg) were intraperitoneally administered to female Wistar rats, which were exposed to elevated plus maze (EPM) test. Picrotoxin (1 mg/kg), a non-competitive gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) chloride channel antagonist, was used in experimental procedures to evaluate if this receptor is involved in the anxiolytic-like effects of A. mexicana. To discard motor effects associated with the treatments, the rats were evaluated by the locomotor activity test. Results: Only the ethanolic extract at 200 mg/kg and alkaloid-enriched extract (200 µg/kg) produced anxiolytic-like effects similarly to diazepam 2 mg/kg on EPM test, without affecting locomotor activity. Meanwhile, the administration of picrotoxin blocked anti-anxiety effect of alkaloid-enriched extract of the plant. Conclusion: These results showed that A. mexicana is a potential anxiolytic agent and we suggest that this effect is mediated by the GABAA receptor. These effects are related to the presence of alkaloids.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_6701_d5ecdcfdabed6e1f87ea70f49bf6a7ca.pdf
2016-07-01
476
488
10.22038/ajp.2016.6701
Argemone mexicana
Alkaloids
GABAA receptor antagonist
Anxiolytic-like effect
Aideé Itzel
Arcos-Martínez
aidearcos@hotmail.com
1
Institute of Neuroethology, University of Veracruz (UV), Xalapa-Veracruz, Mexico
AUTHOR
Omar David
Muñoz-Muñiz
omunoz@uv.mx
2
Support Services Unit in Analytical Resolution (SARA), University of Veracruz (UV), Xalapa-Veracruz, Mexico
AUTHOR
Miguel Ángel
Domínguez-Ortiz
midominguez@uv.mx
3
Institute of Basic Sciences (ICB), University of Veracruz (UV), Xalapa-Veracruz, Mexico
AUTHOR
Margarita Virginia
Saavedra-Vélez
mago_68@hotmail.com
4
Institute of Neuroethology, University of Veracruz (UV), Xalapa-Veracruz, Mexico
AUTHOR
Maribel
Maribel Vázquez-Hernández
marivazquez@uv.mx
5
Support Services Unit in Analytical Resolution (SARA), University of Veracruz (UV), Xalapa-Veracruz, Mexico
AUTHOR
Maria Gabriela
Alcantara-Lopez
gaviota2571@gmail.com
6
Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry (QFB), University of Veracruz (UV), Xalapa-Veracruz, Mexico
LEAD_AUTHOR
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