ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Ghrelin, food intake, and botanical extracts: A Review
A kind of growth hormone secretagogue (GHS), ghrelin, was first isolated from the rat stomach and plays a major role in the activation of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHS-R1a) resulting the release of growth hormone (GH). The preproghrelin gene is placed on chromosome 3, at locus 3p25 –2 in humans and constitutes five exons and three introns. Ghrelin is most plentifully expressed in particular cells in the oxyntic glands of the gastric epithelium, initially named X/A-like cells. Almost 60-70% of circulating ghrelin is secreted by the stomach. Plasma ghrelin concentration alters throughout the day. Ghrelin has been suggested to act as a meal initiator because of its appetite-stimulating influences in free feeding rats in short period. In addition to ghrelin’s function as a meal motivator, it seems to contribute in long-term energy balance and nutritional status. In addition, many studies have been carried out in order to investigate the effects of natural and medicinal plants and botanical extracts on appetite, food intake, energy hemostasis, and the level of related hormones including ghrelin. Due to the importance of ghrelin in nutritional and medical sciences, this review was performed to understand new aspects of this hormone’s function.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_4196_d5822c012ac03c6660b3defa5da4e070.pdf
2015-07-01
271
281
10.22038/ajp.2015.4196
ghrelin
Food intake
Botanical extracts
Appetite
Peyman
Rezaie
rezaeip911@mums.ac.ir
1
Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohsen
Mazidi
mazidim911@mums.ac.ir
2
Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, International College, University of Chinese Academy of Science (IC-UCAS), Beijing, China
AUTHOR
Mohsen
Nematy
nematym@mums.ac.ir
3
Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Tabernaemontana divaricata leaves extract exacerbate burying behavior in mice
Objective: Tabernaemontana divaricata (TD) from Apocynaceae family offers the traditional folklore medicinal benefits such as an anti-epileptic, anti-mania, brain tonic, and anti-oxidant. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of ethanolic extract of TD leaves on burying behavior in mice. Materials and Methods:Mice were treated with oral administration (p.o.) of ethanolic extract of TD (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg). Fluoxetine (FLX, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) was used as a reference drug. Obsessive-compulsive behavior was evaluated using marble-burying apparatus. Results:TD at doses of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg dose-dependently inhibited the obsessive and compulsive behavior. The similar results were obtained from 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg of FLX. TD and FLX did not affect motor activity. Conclusion: The results indicated that TD and FLX produced similar inhibitory effects on marble-burying behavior.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_4329_2692b85aa1f8d9d307e07e25f5e2b110.pdf
2015-07-01
282
287
10.22038/ajp.2015.4329
Tabernaemontana divaricate
Fluoxetine
Burying behavior
Raj
Chanchal
pharmanavin@rediffmail.com
1
Technocrats Institute of Technology Pharmacy, Anand Nagar, Bhopal- 462 021 (M.P.), India
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Balasubramaniam
abasu68@gmail.com
2
Technocrats Institute of Technology Pharmacy, Anand Nagar, Bhopal- 462 021 (M.P.), India
AUTHOR
Raj
Navin
versatilenavin@rediffmail.com
3
Technocrats Institute of Technology Pharmacy, Anand Nagar, Bhopal- 462 021 (M.P.), India
AUTHOR
Sayyed
Nadeem
snadeem.pharma@gmail.com
4
Technocrats Institute of Technology Pharmacy, Anand Nagar, Bhopal- 462 021 (M.P.), India
AUTHOR
Archer T, Fredrikksson A, Lew ander T, Soderberg U. 1987. Marble burying and spontaneous motor activity in mice: interaction over days and the effect of diazepam. Scand Psychol, 28: 242-249.
1
Broekkamp CL, Rijk HW, Joly-Gelouin D, Lloyd KL. 1986. Major tranquillizers can be distinguished from minor tranquillizers on the basis of effects on marble burying and swim-induced grooming in mice. Eur J Pharmacol, 126: 223-229.
2
Chattipakorn S, Pongpanparadorn A, Pratchayasakul W, Pongchaidacha A, Ingkaninan,K, Chattipakorn N. 2007. Tabernaemontana divaricata extract inhibits neuronal acetylcholinesterase activity in rats. J Ethnopharmacol, 110: 61-68.
3
Gaikwad U, Bhutada P, Wanjari M, Umathe S. 2007. LHRH antagonist attenuates the effect of fluoxetine on marble-burying behavior in mice. Eur J Pharmacol, 563: 155-159. Gomes FV, Casarotto PC, Resstel LB, Guimarães FS. 2011. Facilitation of CB1 receptor mediated neurotransmission decreases marble burying behaviour in mice.Prog Neuro psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry, 35: 434-438.
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Goodman WK. 1999.Obsessive-compulsive disorder: diagnosis and treatment. J Clin Psychiatry, 60: 27-32.
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Hirano K, Kimura R, Sugimoto Y, Yamada J, Uchida S, Kato R, Hashimoto H, Yamada S. 2005. Relationship between brain serotonin transporter binding, plasma concentration and behavioral effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Br J Pharmacol, 144: 695-702.
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Ingkaninan K, Temkitthawon P, Chuenchom K, Yuyaem T, Thongnoi W. 2003. Screening for acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity in plants used in Thai traditional rejuvenating
7
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Li X, Morrow D, Witkin JM. 2006. Decreases in nestlet shredding of mice by serotonin uptake inhibitors: comparison with marble burying. Life Sci, 78: 1933-1939.
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Mansari El M, Blier P. 2006. Mechanisms of action of current and potential pharmacotherapies of obsessive–compulsive disorder. Prog Neuro-psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry, 30: 362-373.
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Nakdook W, Khongsombata O, Taepavarapruk P, Taepavarapruk N, Ingkaninan K. 2010. The effects of Tabernaemontana divaricata root extract on amyloid β-peptide 25–35 peptides induced cognitive deficits in mice. J Ethnopharmacol, 130: 122-126.
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Pratchayasakul W, Pongchaidecha A, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn S. 2008. Ethnobotany and ethnopharmacology of Tabernaemontana divaricata. Indian J Med Res, 127: 317- 35. Rapoport JL, Leonard HL, Swedo SE, Lenane MC. 1993. Obsessive compulsive disorder in children and adolescents: issues in management. J Clin Psychiatry, 54: 9-27.
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Umathe SN, Manna SS, Jain NS. 2012. Endocannabinoid analogues exacerbate marble-burying behavior in mice via TRPV1 receptor. Neuropharmacology, 62: 2024-2033.
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Venkata RN, Basavaraj P, Nimbal SK, Shantakumar SM, Satyanarayana D. 2008. Nootropic activity of tuber extract of Pueraria tuberosa (Roxb) . Indian J Exp Biol, 46: 591-598.
21
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Gallic acid and exercise training improve motor function, nerve conduction velocity but not pain sense reflex after experimental sciatic nerve crush in male rats
Objective: The aim of present study was to evaluate the effects of oral administration of gallic acid (GA) for 21 days alone and in combination with exercise on nerve conduction velocity and sensory and motor functions in rats with sciatic nerve crush. Materials and Methods: Seventy adult male Wistar rats (250-300 g) were divided randomly into 7 groups with 10 in each: 1) Control (Cont), 2) Crushed + Vehicle (Cr +Veh), 3-5) Crushed + gallic acid (Cr+GA) (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/2 mL, orally), 6) Crushed + exercise (Cr+Exe), and 7) Crushed + exercise + effective dose of gallic acid (Cr+Exe +GA200) for 21 days. In order to establish an animal model of sciatic nerve crush, equivalent to 7 kg of force pressed on 2-3 mm of sciatic nerve for 30 s, three times with 30 s intervals. Pain sense reflex in hot plate, motor coordination in rotarod, and sciatic nerve conduction velocity (SNCV) in all groups were tested. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test and pResults: Pain threshold was increased significantly in untreated crushed rats while motor function and SNCV were decreased in all groups with nerve crush (p<0.05, p<0.01, pConclusion: GA, dose-dependently, may have therapeutic potential to improve the peripheral nerve degeneration, which is most likely related, at least in part, to its antioxidant and therapeutic properties.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_4184_796c70944d0ee48ab47eedf2a2e4a6c6.pdf
2015-07-01
288
297
10.22038/ajp.2015.4184
Sciatic nerve crush
Gallic acid
Exercise
Pain
Motor
SNCV
Rat
Maryam
Hajimoradi
hajimoradimaryam@yahoo.com
1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Isfahan Payamenoor University, Isfahan, Iran.
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Fazilati
mfazilati@yahoo.com
2
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Payamnoor University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Kazem
Gharib-Naseri
mgharibnaseri@yahoo.com
3
Ahvaz Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
AUTHOR
Alireza
Sarkaki
sarkaki_a@ajums.ac.ir
4
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of medical Sciences, Ahavaz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Amakura Y, Okada M, Tsuji S, Tonogai YA. 2000. Determination of phenolic acids in fruit juices by isocratic column liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr, 891:183-188.
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Burnett MG, Zager EL. 2004. Pathophysiology of peripheral nerve injury: a brief review. Neurosurg Focus 16 1-7.
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Chen ZY, Chai YF, Cao L, Lu CL, He C. 2001. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor enhances axonal regeneration following sciatic nerve transection in adult rats. Brain Res. 902:272-276.
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Gómez-Caravaca AM, Verardo V, Toselli M, Segura-Carretero A, Fernández-Gutiérrez A, Caboni MF. 2013. Determination of the major phenolic compounds in pomegranate juices by HPLC−DAD−ESI-MS. J Agric Food Chem 61:5328-5337.
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Gomez-Pinilla F, Ying Z, Roy RR, Molteni R, Edgerton VR. 2002. Voluntary exercise induces a BDNF-mediated mechanism that promotes neuroplasticity. J Neurophysiol 88:2187-2195.
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Kalender AM, Dogan A, Bakan V, Yildiz H, Gokalp MA, Kalender M. 2009. Effect of Zofenopril on regeneration of sciatic nerve crush injury in a rat model. J. brachial plexus and periph nerve injury 4:1-7.
13
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Keeler BE, Liu G, Siegfried RN, Zhukareva V, Murray M, Houlé JD. 2012. Acute and prolonged hindlimb exercise elicits different gene expression in motoneurons than sensory neurons after spinal cord injury. Brain Res 1438:8-28.
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Kim SH, Jun CD, Suk K, Choi BJ, Lim H, Park S. 2006. Gallic acid inhibits histamine release and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in mast cells. Toxicol Sci 91:123-131.
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Mohammadi R, Yadegarazadi MJ, Amini K. 2013. Peripheral nerve regeneration following transection injury to rat sciatic nerve by local application of adrenocorticotropic hormone. Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery : Official publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery 1-6.
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23
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25
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27
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28
Sukhvir Kaur S, Rana AC, Gangwani S, Sharma R. 2012. Punica granatum attenuates sciatic nerve ligation induced-neuropathic pain. IJPSR 3:509-518.
29
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30
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31
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32
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33
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34
Wong KH, Naidu M, David P, Abdulla MA, Abdullah N, Kuppusamy UR, Sabaratnam V. 2011. Peripheral Nerve Regeneration Following Crush Injury to Rat Peroneal Nerve by Aqueous Extract of Medicinal Mushroom Hericium erinaceus. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM 2011:1-10.
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36
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Nutrient-rich versus nutrient-poor foods for depressed patients based on Iranian Traditional Medicine resources
Objectives: Considering the positive effects of certain nutrients on depression, increasingly prevalent in the contemporary societies, we investigated the nutritional content of prescribed and prohibited foodstuffs for depressed patients in Iranian Traditional Medicine resources. Materials and Methods: In order to conduct the study, credible sources of Iranian Traditional Medicine were primarily reviewed for the prescribed and prohibited foodstuffs for depressed patients. USDA database, as a well-known and valuable source, was then visited to determine the amount of effective nutrients in each foodstuff. Finally, the obtained amounts were compared with each other in three food groups, namely vegetables, fruits and nuts and also high protein products. Results: In Iranian Traditional Medicine texts, the following are prescribed for depression management: basil, coriander, spinach, lettuce, squash, peppermint, dill, chicory, celery, chard, quince, cucumber, watermelon, grape, peach, pomegranate, banana, apple, currant, pistachio, dried fig, almond, egg, chicken, lamb, and trout; cabbage, eggplant, onion, garlic, broad beans, lentils, and beef, meanwhile, are prohibited. In this regard, the effective nutritional content of these foodstuffs was obtained and then compared in the three food groups. Conclusions: This study revealed that spinach, lettuce, chicory, and squash (vegetables), pomegranate and almond (fruits and nuts) and ultimately trout (high protein products) are the best effective foodstuffs on depressed patients from nutritional content aspect.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_4185_d9fb4ea192a34f238b1e72be00f82995.pdf
2015-07-01
298
308
10.22038/ajp.2015.4185
medicine
Traditional
Depression
Food
Mandana
Tavakkoli-Kakhki
tavakkolikm@mums.ac.ir
1
Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Saeid
Eslami
eslamis@mums.ac.ir
2
Department of Medical Informatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
AUTHOR
Malihe
Motavasselian
m_motevasselian@yahoo.com
3
Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Achten J, Halson S, Moseley L, Rayson M, Casey A, Jeukendrup A. 2004. Higher dietary carbohydrate content during intensified running training results in better maintenance of performance and mood state. J Appl Physiol, 96: 1331-1340.
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42
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The inhibitory effect of Thymus vulgaris extracts on the planktonic form and biofilm structures of six human pathogenic bacteria
Objective: Microorganisms are responsible for many problems in industry and medicine because of biofilm formation. Therefore, this study was aimed to examine the effect of Thymus vulgaris (T. vulgaris) extracts on the planktonic form and biofilm structures of six pathogenic bacteria. Materials and methods: Antimicrobial activities of the plant extracts against the planktonic form of the bacteria were determined using the disc diffusion method. MIC and MBC values were evaluated using macrobroth dilution technique. Anti-biofilm effects were assessed by microtiter plate method. Results: According to disc diffusion test (MIC and MBC), the ability of Thymus vulgaris (T. vulgaris ) extracts for inhibition of bacteria in planktonic form was confirmed. In dealing with biofilm structures, the inhibitory effect of the extracts was directly correlated to their concentration. Except for the inhibition of biofilm formation, efficacy of each extract was independent from type of solvent. Conclusion: According to the potential of Thymus vulgaris (T. vulgaris ) extracts to inhibit the test bacteria in planktonic and biofilm form, it can be suggested that Thymus vulgaris(T. vulgaris )extracts can be applied as antimicrobial agents against the pathogenic bacteria particularly in biofilm forms.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_4210_673c6e68d9a9bd1047fe1a70b83184e4.pdf
2015-07-01
309
318
10.22038/ajp.2015.4210
Biofilm
Thymus vulgaris
antimicrobial effect
Pathogenic bacteria
Zinab
Mohsenipour
mohsenipourz20@gmail.com
1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
AUTHOR
Mehdi
Hassanshahian
hasanshahi@gmail.com
2
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Al-Rawi A, Chakravarty HL. 1988. Medicinal plants of Iraq. Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation, Baghdad.
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Androw JM. 2001. Standardized disc susceptibility testing method. J Antimicrob Chemother, 25:48-57.
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Priti V. 2012.Use of essential oils against gram negative pathogens. J Drug Deliv Therap, 2:134-137.
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Rizk AM. 1986. The phyto-chemistry of flora of Qatar. King Print of Richmond, Great Britian.
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Sandasi M. 2008. The effect of plant extraction on microbial biofilm formation and development. Msc dissertation, Tshwane University of Technology.
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27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Rosa damascena on cardiovascular responses in normotensive rat
Objective: Rosa damascena mill L. (R. damascena) is a well-known plant with fragrant effects. Several therapeutic effects of this plant on respiratory, gastrointestinal and nervous systems have been reported. It is also suggested to have beneficial effect on cardiovascular system especially blood pressure regulation. The present study was carried out to evaluate acute cardiovascular effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of R. damascena. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (n= 8 for each group). After anesthesia, a catheter was inserted into the femoral artery and blood pressure and heart rate (HR) were continuously recorded by a power lab system. Animals received three doses of hydro-alcoholic extract (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg) via peritoneal (i.p). After 30 min, systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and HR were recorded and maximal changes were compared to control group. Results: Injection of all doses of the extract did not significantly change HR compare to control group. The SBP, dose dependently, was decreased by all doses of the extract and the maximal response was significant compared to saline group (p Conclusion: This study provides evidence of a hypotensive effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of R. damascena with no significant effect on HR. Therefore, R. damascena is suggested to have beneficial effect to control blood pressure. However, it needs to be more investigated.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_4372_dd2f07ff531df15e0c59abdbbaa65cd9.pdf
2015-07-01
319
324
10.22038/ajp.2015.4372
Rosa damascena mill
Blood pressure. Heart rate
Rat
Mohammad Naser
Shafei
shafeimn@mums.ac.ir
1
Neurogenic Inflammation Research Centre, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Amir
Baniasad
2
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
AUTHOR
Abolfazl
Khajavirad
khajavirada@mums.ac.ir
3
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahmoud
Hosseini
sfsfsdfs@mums.ac.ir
4
Neurocognitive Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
AUTHOR
Saeed
Aminzadah
5
Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahmoud
Ghavi
6
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
AUTHOR
Adeneye A, Ajagbonna O, Mojiminiyi F, Odigie I, Ojobor P, et al. 2006. The hypotensive mechanisms for the aqueous stem bark extract of Musanga cecropioides in Sprague-Dawley rats. J. Ethnopharmacol, 106: 203-207.
1
AveSina AA. 1990. Law in medicine. (Translated bySharafkhandy A). pp 129–131. Thehran, Ministry of Guidance Publication.
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Babu KG, Singh B, Joshi VP, Singh V. 2002. Essential oil composition of Damask rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) distilled under different pressures and temperatures. Flavour Fragr J, 17: 136-140.
3
Boskabady MH, Kiani S, Rakhshandah H. 2006. Relaxant effects of Rosa damascena on guinea pig tracheal chains and its possible mechanism (s). J. Ethnopharmacol, 106: 377-382.
4
Boskabady MH, Shafei MN, Saberi Z, Amini, S. 2011. Pharmacological effects of rosa damascena. Iran J Basic Med Sci, 14: 295-307.
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Libster M. 2002. Delmar's integrative herb guide for nurses. PP. 360-370.
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Rakhshandah H, Hosseini M. 2006. Potentiation of pentobarbital hypnosis by Rosa damascena in mice. Indian J. Exp. Biol, 44, 910-912.
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Rakhshandah H, Shakeri MT , Ghasemzadeh MR. 2010b. Comparative hypnotic effect of Rosa damascena fractions and Diazepam in Mice. Iran J Pharm Res, 6: 193-197.
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29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Anti-diabetic effect of Capparis spinosa L. root extract in diabetic rats
Objective: Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorders with severe impact on quality of life. Reducing serum glucose levels and normalization of serum lipid is of great clinical importance for treating diabetes. To our knowledge, there are not any evidences about the anti-diabetic action of capparis spinosa root. In the present study the effects of the C. spinosa root extract on diabetic metabolic disorders have been studied in experimental diabetes. Materials and Methods: Rats were divided into six groups: normal control (NC), diabetic control (DC), diabetic rats receiving 0.2, 0.4 g/kg of plant extract or 0.6 mg/kg glibenclamide (groups D0.2, D0.4 or DG respectively). A normal group of rats was also designed to receive 0.2 g/kg of plant extract (N0.2). Rats were rendered diabetic (streptozotocin 60 mg/kg, i.p.) and treated with 0.2, 0.4 g/ kg of plant extract or glibenclamide for four weeks. At the end of the experiment, blood was drawn through heart puncture under deep anesthesia. Weight was measured weekly, glucose levels were measured at the first and fourth week and lipid profiles, insulin and liver enzymes at the end of the study. Results: Glucose levels significantly decreased after treating with plant extract (p=0.003). However, insulin levels did not increase in any treating groups. Plant extract could significantly raise HDL and reduce levels of LDL and liver enzymes (ALT and ALP). Conclusion: These results showed that C. spinosa rootextract could improve diabetic related metabolic derangement such as hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and elevated liver markers in an insulin-independent manner.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_4317_72c1a8898e593595dd5e1692326f471c.pdf
2015-07-01
325
332
10.22038/ajp.2015.4317
Capparis spinosa
Diabetes Mellitus
Insulin
glibenclamide
Mostafa
Kazemian Mansur Abad
m.kazemian2@gmail.com
1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Qom, Qom, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Reza
Haeri
haeri.mr@gmail.com
2
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mansoor
Ebrahimi
m.kazemin2@gmail.com
3
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Qom, Qom, Iran
AUTHOR
Reza
Heidari
m.kaemian2@gmail.com
4
Anesthesiology Section, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
AUTHOR
Asgary S, Rahimi P, Mahzouni P, Madani H. 2012. Antidiabetic effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Carthamus tinctorius L. in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. J Res Med Sci, 17: 386-392
1
Brownlee M. 2001. Biochemistry and molecular cell biology of diabetic complications. Nature, 414: 813 – 20.
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Tan MH, Johns D, Strand J, Madsbad S, Erikson JW, Clausen J, Konkoy CS, Herz M; GLAC Study Group. 2004. Sustained effect of pioglitazone vs. glibenclamid on insulin sensitivity, glycaemic control, and lipid profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med, 21: 859-866.
21
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Vessal M, Hemmati M, Vasei M. 2003. Antidiabetic effects of quercetin in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol, 135: 357-364.
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26
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27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Nigella sativa seed on oxidative stress in hippocampus of STZ-induced diabetic rats
Objective: Oxidative stress plays an important role in the etiology of diabetic complications. Diabetes impairs hippocampus neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and learning. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Nigella sativa seed on oxidative stress in STZ-induced diabetic rats' hippocampus. Materials and Methods: Diabetes induced by 60 mg/kg STZ, i.p, and the rats were divided into five experimental groups (n=8-10 in each group) including control (received 0.5 ml normal saline), untreated STZ-diabetic (received 0.5 ml normal saline), and treated rats received Nigella sativa extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) or metformin (300 mg/kg) by gavage for 42 days. Serum glucose concentration and body weight as well as hippocampus tissue malondialdehyde and thiollevels were determined by calorimetric assay. Results: Serum glucose level in the diabetic rats treated with 200 mg/kg Nigella sativaextract at the days 24 and 45 decreased in comparison to untreated diabetic group (p<0.05, p<0.01, respectively). Weight loss was significantly different between metformin and Nigella sativa extract at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg (p<0.05).Thiol content of hippocampus increased by 200 mg/kg Nigella sativa extract in comparison to untreated diabetic group (p<0.05). Malondialdehyde content of hippocampus reduced by Nigella sativa extract, 200 mg/kg (p<0.001), 400 mg/kg (p<0.05), and metformin (p<0.05) in comparison to the untreated diabetic group. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that hydroalcoholic extract of the Nigella sativa decreased oxidative stress in hippocampus of the STZ-induced diabetic rats. Nigella sativa at the dose of 200 mg/kg was more effective to reduce oxidative stress in hippocampus of rats.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_3921_e707f3ee17f86a36c406c4d7a1077c14.pdf
2015-07-01
333
340
10.22038/ajp.2015.3921
Diabetes Mellitus
Nigella Sativa
Oxidative stress
Hippocampus
Rat
Abbasali
Abbasnezhad
abbasnezhada891@mums.ac.ir
1
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Parichehr
Hayatdavoudi
2
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Saeed
Niazmand
niazmands@mums.ac.ir
3
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Maryam
Mahmoudabady
mahmoudabadym@mums.ac.ir
4
Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Ahmad A, Husain A, Mujeeb M, Khan SA, Najmi AK, Siddique NA, Kishore K. 2013. A review on therapeutic potential of Nigella sativa: A miracle herb. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed, 3, 337-352.
1
Alhebshi AH, Gotoh M, Suzuki I. 2013. Thymoquinone protects cultured rat primary neurons against amyloid b-induced neurotoxicity. Bioch emical and Biophysical Research Communications, 433, 362-7.
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Ali BH, Blunden G. Pharmacological and toxicological properties of Nigella sativa. Phytother Res, 17, 299-305.
3
Al-okaily BN, Mohammed RS, Al-mzain KA, Khudair KK. 2012. Effect of Flavonoids Extracted from Black Cumin (Nigella sativa) and Vitamin E in Ameliorating Hepatic Damage Induced by Sodium Nitrate in adult male rats. Proceeding of the Eleventh Veterinary Scientific Conference, 172 -181
4
Amin SN, Younan SM, Youssef MF, Rashed LA, Mohamady I. 2013. A histological and functional study on hippocampal formation of normal and diabetic rats. F1000Res, 2, 151.
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Azzubaidi MS, Saxena AK, Talib NA, Ahmed QU, Dogarai BB. 2012. Protective effect of treatment with black cumin oil on spatial cognitive functions of rats that suffered global cerebrovascular hypoperfusion. Acta Neurobiol, 72, 154–165
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Badr G, Alwasel S, Ebaid H, Mohany M, Alhazza I. 2011. Perinatal supplementation with thymoquinone improves diabetic complications and T cell immune responses in rat offspring. Cellular immunology, 267, 133-140.
7
Benhaddou-Andaloussi A, Martineau L Fau - Vuong T, Vuong T Fau - Meddah B, Meddah B Fau - Madiraju P, Madiraju P Fau - Settaf A, Settaf A Fau - Haddad PS, et al. 2011. The In Vivo Antidiabetic Activity of Nigella sativa Is Mediated through Activation of the AMPK Pathway and Increased Muscle Glut4 Content, 2011 (2011).
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Ceretta LB, Reus GZ, Abelaira HM, Ribeiro KF, Zappellini G, Felisbino FF, Quevedo J. 2012. Increased oxidative stress and imbalance in antioxidant enzymes in the brains of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Exp Diabetes Res, 2012, 302682.
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Hosseini M, Mohammadpour T, Karami R, Rajaei Z, Sadeghnia HR, Soukhtanloo M. 2014. Effects of the hydro-alcoholic extract of Nigella Sativa on scopolamine-induced spatial memory impairment in rats and its possible mechanism. Chinese journal of integrative medicine, March, 1-7.
16
Houcher Z, Boudiaf K, Benboubetra M, & Houcher B. 2007. Effects of methanolic extract and commercial oil of Nigella sativa L. on blood glucose and antioxidant capacity in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Pteridines, 18, 8-18.
17
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18
Leong XF, Rais Mustafa M, Jaarin K. 2013. Nigella sativa and Its Protective Role in Oxidative Stress and Hypertension. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2013:120732.
19
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20
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21
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22
Meddah B, Ducroc R, El Abbes Faouzi M, Eto B, Mahraoui L, Benhaddou-Andaloussi A, et al. 2009. Nigella sativa inhibits intestinal glucose absorption and improves glucose tolerance in rats. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 121, 419-24.
23
Mohammadpour T, Hosseini M, Karami R, Rajaei Z, Soukhtanloo M , Sadeghnia HR. 2013. Effect of Nigella sativa on spatial memory deficit and oxidative stress. Iranian Journal of Neurology, 12, 138
24
Momin M, Momin S. Kurhade S, Mohebkhan, Butte K .Niglla sativa: Blessed seed. 2013. Res phyochem pharmacho, 3, 78-84
25
Moradabadi L, Kouhsari SM, Sani MF. 2013. Hypoglycemic Effects of Three Medicinal Plants in Experimental Diabetes: Inhibition of Rat Intestinal α-glucosidase and Enhanced Pancreatic Insulin and Cardiac Glut-4 mRNAs Expression. Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research, 12, 387.
26
Muhammad Tauseef Sultan, Masood Sadiq Butt, Roselina Karim MZia-Ul-Haq, Rizwana Batool, Shakeel Ahmad, Feo a VD. 2014. Nigella sativa Fixed and Essential Oil Supplementation Modulates Hyperglycemia and Allied Complications in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Mellitus. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2014, 1-8.
27
Neveen AN, Iman MM. 2010. Evaluation of antioxidant effect of Nigella sativa oil on monosodium glutamate-induced oxidative stress in rat brain. Journal of American Science, 6, 13-19.
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Salem ML. 2005. Immunomodulatory and therapeutic properties of the Nigella sativa L. seed. International immunopharmacology, 5, 1749-1770
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31
Sani MF, Kouhsari SM, Moradabadi L. 2012. Effects of Three Medicinal Plants Extracts in Experimental Diabetes: Antioxidant Enzymes Activities and Plasma Lipids Profiles inComparison with Metformin. Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research, 11, 897.
32
Sharma JB, Sharma A, Bahadur A, Vimala N, Satyam A, Mittal S. 2006. Oxidative stress markers and antioxidant levels in normal pregnancy and pre-eclampsia. International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 94, 23-7.
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34
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35
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Malva sylvestris cream on burn injury and wounds in rats
Objectives: Burn injury is one of the most health-threatening problems in the world. Malva sylvestris (M. sylvestris) flowershave a high mucilage content and are used as a remedy for cut wound and dermal infected wounds in Iranian folklore Medicine. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of M. sylvestris cream on the second degree burn injury in rats. Materials and Methods: Five groups of 10 rats per group were burned with hot metal plate. Animals were administrated divided as control, normal saline, standard silver sulfadiazine 1% (SSD), 5% M. sylvestris, and 10% M. sylvestris into separate groups. Wound area, percentage of wound contraction, and histological and bacteriological assessments were evaluated. Results: Wound sizes were not significantly different among groups on 1st and 3rd days after burn injury, while they were significantly different among groups after 7th day post-burn injury. The average areas of wounds on the 15th day were 7.5±2.9, 6.7±2, 10.5±1.6, 4.7±2, and 4.5±2 cm2 for base cream, normal saline, SSD, 5% M. sylvestris, and 10% M. sylvestris, respectively. The results of histology exhibited well-formed horizontally-oriented collagen fibers in MS topical treatment groups. Microorganisms existed in the SSD group were most probably Staphilococcus epidermitis and for NS group were staphylococcus saprophiteccus. Conclusion: M. sylvestris cream improved histological changes of tissue components in the process of healing when compared with SSD cream. Therefore, it can be used as a topical treatment agent for burn wound.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_4327_aa22492537e8294c0b2a30f8377594f1.pdf
2015-07-01
341
354
10.22038/ajp.2015.4327
Malva sylvestris
Burns
silver sulfadiazine
Rats
Wound healing
Ebrahim
Nasiri
rezanf2002@yahoo.com
1
Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
AUTHOR
Seyed Jalal
Hosseinimehr
sjhosseinim@yahoo.com
2
Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad
Azadbakht
azadbakhtm@hotmail.com
3
Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
AUTHOR
Jafar
Akbari
jafakbari@gmail.com
4
Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
AUTHOR
Reza
Enayati-fard
enayatifard_r@yahoo.com
5
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
AUTHOR
Soheil
Azizi
soheil_azizi@yahoo.com
6
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
AUTHOR
Akhoondinasab MR, Khodarahm A, Akhoondinasab M, Saberi M, Iranpour M. 2015. Assessing effect of three herbal medicines in second and third degree burns in rats and comparison with silver sulfadiazine ointment. Burns, 41: 125-31.
1
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3
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4
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5
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6
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17
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18
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19
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24
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25
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27
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29
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31
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32
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33
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35
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39
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40
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Phytoremedial effect of Withania somnifera against arsenic-induced testicular toxicity in Charles Foster rats
Objective: The main objective of the current study was to observe the ameliorative effect of Withania somnifera on arsenic-induced testicular toxicity by exploring the crucial parameters such as sperm counts, sperm motility, hormonal assay and lipid peroxidation including histopathology. Materials and Methods: In the present study, arsenic in the form of sodium arsenite was administered orally to male Charles Foster rats for 45 days. Thereafter, ethanolic root extract of Withania somnifera was administered for 30 days to observe its ameliorative effect on male reproductive system. Results: The study revealed that after administration of sodium arsenite, there was a decrease in the sperm counts and sperm motility accompanied by an increased incidence of sperm abnormalities and hormonal imbalance leading to infertility. However, after administration of Withania somnifera, there was significant reversal in the parameters denoting that it not only possesses antioxidant and rejuvenating property but also maintains the cellular integrity of testicular cells leading to normal functioning of it. Conclusion: The study concludes that Withania somnifera possesses phytoremedial effect. It is one of the best antidotes against arsenic-induced reproductive toxicity.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_4353_1a34f4638e600ea8d3b1bfeccc03f471.pdf
2015-07-01
355
364
10.22038/ajp.2015.4353
Sodium arsenite
W.somnifera
Rats
Testicular toxicity
Sperm Count
Testosterone
Arun
Kumar
arunk31@rediffmail.com
1
Mahavir Cancer Institute & Research Centre, Patna, Bihar, India
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ranjit
Kumar
ranjitzool17@gmail.com
2
Mahavir Cancer Institute & Research Centre, Patna, Bihar, India
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Samuir Rahman
samiur00750@gmail.com
3
Mahavir Cancer Institute & Research Centre, Patna, Bihar, India
AUTHOR
Mohammad Asif
Iqubal
asifcbt@gmail.com
4
Mahavir Cancer Institute & Research Centre, Patna, Bihar, India
AUTHOR
Gautam
Anand
anandarya.02@gmail.com
5
Mahavir Cancer Institute & Research Centre, Patna, Bihar, India
AUTHOR
Pintoo
Kumar Niraj
nir.sand28@gmail.com
6
Mahavir Cancer Institute & Research Centre, Patna, Bihar, India
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Ali
mdalizool@yahoo.co.in
7
Mahavir Cancer Institute & Research Centre, Patna, Bihar, India
AUTHOR
Abdel-Magied EM, Abdel-Rahman HA, Harraz FM. 2001. The effect of aqueous extracts of Cynomorium coccineum and Withania somnifera on testicular development in immature Wistar rats. J Ethnopharmacol,75: 1-4.
1
Ahmad MK, Mahdi AA, Shukla KK, Islam N, Rajender S, Madhukar D, Shankhwar SN, Ahmad S. 2010. Withania somnifera improves semen quality by regulating reproductive hormone levels and oxidative stress in seminal plasma of infertile males. Fertil Steril, 94: 989-996.
2
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3
Ali M, Khan SA, Dubey P, Nath A, Singh JK, Kumar R and Kumar A. 2013. Impact of arsenic on testosterone synthesis pathway and sperm production in mice. Inno J Med Health Sci. 4: 185-189.
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