ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Omega-3 and omega-6 content of medicinal foods for depressed patients: implications from the Iranian Traditional Medicine
Objectives: Considering the increasing prevalence of depression in modern societies and the positive effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on depression, this study aims to investigate the omega-3 and omega-6 content of various foodstuffs, prescribed or prohibited by Iranian Traditional Medicine (ITM). Materials and Methods: Firstly, reliable sources of Iranian Traditional Medicine were reviewed in order to identify the prescribed and prohibited foodstuffs for depressed patients. Afterwards, according to the online database of United States Department of Agriculture (URL: http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/search/list), the ratio of linoleic acid to alpha linolenic acid (as representatives of omega-6 and omega-3, respectively) was identified in each foodstuff. Finally, the ratios of omega-6 to omega-3 were compared between seven food groups of vegetables, fruits, dry goods, high protein products, dairies, breads, and spices. Results: Based on the resources of Iranian Traditional Medicine, the following foods are prescribed for depressed patients: basil, coriander, spinach, lettuce, squash, peppermint, dill, chicory, celery, beet, quince, cucumber, watermelon, grape, peach, pomegranate, banana, apple, currant, pistachio, dried fig, almond, egg, chicken, lamb, trout, milk, bread without bran,saffron, oregano, and coriander seeds. On the other hand, cabbage, eggplant, onion, garlic, broad beans, lentils, beef, whole wheat bread, and mustard are prohibited. It should be noted that omega-3 content in some prescribed foods is more than that of the prohibited ones. Conclusion: The present study showed that mint, basil, spinach, lettuce, squash, lamb, saffron, oregano, cucumber, pistachio, milk, and also wild trout can be considered as medicinal foods for depressed patients.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_2163_7370ed8fdf84a84b81ca7365ed7d0892.pdf
2014-07-01
225
230
10.22038/ajp.2014.2163
Depression
Fatty Acids
Functional food
medicine
Omega-3
Traditional
Mandana
Tavakkoli-Kakhki
1
Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I. R. Iran
AUTHOR
Malihe
Motavasselian
m_motevasselian@yahoo.com
2
Department of Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I. R. Iran
AUTHOR
Mahmoud
Mosaddegh
mahmoudmosaddegh@yahoo.com
3
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I. R. Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Mahdi
Esfahani
markazqt@yahoo.com
4
Department of Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I. R. Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad
Kamalinejad
mkamalinejad@yahoo.com
5
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I. R. Iran
AUTHOR
Mohsen
Nematy
nematym@mums.ac.ir
6
Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Biochemistry and Nutrition, Endoscopic and Minimally Invasive Surgery and Cancer Research Centers, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, I. R. Iran
AUTHOR
Saeid
Eslami
eslamis@mums.ac.ir
7
School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Department of Medical Informatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
AUTHOR
Ahwazi Arjani AA. 1973. Kamel al-Sanaah al-Tibbiyah (The Perfect Art of the Medicine), pp. 297-299, Lithograph edition of Astan-e Quds-e Razavi.
1
Antonogeorgos G, Panagiotakos DB, Pitsavos C, Papageorgiou C, Chrysohoou C, Papadimitriou GN, Stefanadis C. 2012. Understanding the role of depression and anxiety on cardiovascular disease risk, using structural equation modeling; the mediating effect of the Mediterranean diet and physical activity: the ATTICA study. Ann Epidemiol, 22: 630-637.
2
Appleton KM, Rogers PJ, Ness AR. 2010. Updated systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on depressed mood. Am J Clin Nutr, 91: 757-770.
3
Bountziouka V, Polychronopoulos E, Zeimbekis A, Papavenetiou E, Ladoukaki E, Papairakleous N, et al. 2009. Long-term fish intake is associated with less severe depressive symptoms among elderly men and women: the MEDIS (MEDiterranean ISlands Elderly) epidemiological study. J Aging Health, 21: 864-880.
4
Dhingra D, Kumar V. 2008. Evidences for the involvement of monoaminergic and GABAergic systems in antidepressant-like activity of garlic extract in mice. Indian J Pharmacol, 40: 175-179.
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Esfahani MM, Zolfaghari B, Karimi H, Gannadi AR. 2011. Doctrine of Iranian traditional medicine a valuable source for introduction and presentation of functional foods. J Trad Med Islam Iran, 3: 77-94. (Persian)
6
Ibn-e Sina AAH. 2005. Shams al-Din E (Ed), Al-Qanun fi al-Tibb (The Canon of Medicine), vol. 2, pp. 294-301, Lebanon, Alamy le-al-Matbooat institute.
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Jacka FN, Pasco JA, Mykletun A, Williams LJ, Hodge AM, O'Reilly SL, et al. 2010. Association of Western and traditional diets with depression and anxiety in women. Am J Psychiatry, 167: 305-311.
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JorJani SI. 1976. Saeedi Sirjani AA (Ed), Zakhireh Kharazmshahi (Treasure of Kharazmshah), pp. 297-302, Tehran, the Iranian Culture Foundation.
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25
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Phenolic and flavonoid content of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. (leaf and flower)
Objectives: Leaves and flowers ofElaeagnus angustifolia contain phenolic and flavonoid compounds. These compounds have antioxidant properties that protect cells from oxidative damage. The aim of this study was to determine and analyze total phenolic and flavonoid content of leaves and flowers in two E. angustifolia variants using different solvents (ethanol and methanol). Materials and Methods: Ethanolic and methanolic extracts of the plant leaves and flowers were prepared. Experiments were carried out to measure their phenolic and flavonoid content using two solvents. Data were analyzed using Instat-N software. Results:Results showed that the amount of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in both ethanolic and methanolic extracts was higher in Fariman variant compared with Mashhad variant. Ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Fariman variant had the highest amount of phenolic compound (10.91±0.18, 10.28± 0.36 mgGAE/100gFW, respectively) and also the highest amounts of flavonoids (5.80±0.10, 3.36±0.05 mgQE/100gFW, respectively). Phenolic and flavonoids compounds were better extracted using methanol and ethanol solvent. Conclusion: In both varieties and solvents, the amount of phenolic and flavonoids compounds in leaves were higher than flowers. In addition, the phenolic and flavonoids compounds were higher in Fariman compared to Mashhad variants.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_1975_1debf2fed2f70544afb017bbead64a62.pdf
2014-07-01
231
238
10.22038/ajp.2014.1975
Elaeagnus angustifolia
Flavonoid
Phenolic compounds
Fereshte
Saboonchian
frsaboonchian@yahoo.com
1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, I. R. Iran
AUTHOR
Rashid
Jamei
r.jamei@urmia.ac.ir
2
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, I. R. Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Siavash
Hosseini Sarghein
3
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, I. R. Iran
AUTHOR
Alexandru V, Balan M, Gaspar A, Craciunescu O, Moldovan L. 2007. Studies on the antioxidant activity, phenol and flavonoid contents of some selected Romanian medicinal plants used for wound healing Biological Sciences. J Biosci, 296: 1831-1838.
1
Andersen OM, Markham KR. 2006. Flavonoids Chemistry, Biochemistry and Applications. Pp.145-154,CRC Press, Tylor & Francis.
2
Ayaz FA, Kadioğlu A, Doğru A. 1999. Soluble suger composition of Elaeagnus angostiholio L. var. orientalis (L.) Kuntze (Russian olive) fruits. Botany, 23: 349-354.
3
Bang IS, Park HY, Yuh CS, Kim AJ, YU CY, Ghimire B, Lee HS, Park JG, Choung MG, Lim JD. 2007. Antioxidant Activities and Phenolic Compounds Compisition of Extracts from Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Fruit. Korean J Med Crop Sci, 15: 120-127.
4
Bonvehi JS, Torrento MS, Lorente EC. 2001. Evaluation of polyphenolic and flavonoid compounds in honeybee-collected pollen produced in spain. J Agricul Food Chem, 49: 1848-1853.
5
Bucur L, lase L, Istudor V, Popescu A. 2009. Hplc-ms analysis of the polyphenols in two soft extracts of Elaeagnus angustifolia l. note 2. soft extract of young branches analysis. Farmacia, 57: 736-742.
6
Dembinska-Migas W, Gill S. 1973. Flavonoids in leaves of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. Pol J Pharmacol Pharm, 25: 599-606.
7
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10
Ge Y, Liu J, Su D. 2009. In vivo evaluation of the anti- asthmatic, antitussive and expectorant activities of extract and fraction from Elaeagnus Pungens Leaf. J Ethnopharmacol, 126: 538-542.
11
Harborne JB. 1998. Phytochemical methods. 3th ed, P.5-7, New York: Chapman & Hall.
12
Hatano T, Edamatsu R, Mori A, Fujita Y, Yasuhara E. 1989. Effect of interaction of tannins with co-existing substances. VI. Effects of tannins and related polyphenols on superoxide anion radical and on DPPH radical. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo), 37: 2016-2021.
13
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14
Huang MT, Ho CT, Tee CY. 1992. In Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health ll. Antioxidants and Cancer Prevention, PP 402, ACS: Washington.
15
In-Cheol J, Eun-Kyung J, Myung-Suk B, Hyun-Jung L, Gyeong-Im J, Eunju P, Hyun-Gyun Y, Gwang-Hwan A, Seung-Cheol L. 2010. Antioxidant and antigenotoxic activities of different parts of persimmon (Diospyros kaki cv. Fuyu) fruit. J Med Plants Res, 4: 155-160.
16
Jahanban Isfahlan A, Mahmoodzadeh A, Hassanzadeh A, Heidari R, Jamei R. 2009. Antioxidants and antiradicals in almond hull and shell (Amygdalus communis L.) as a function of genotype. Food Chem, 115, 529-533.
17
Jahanban Isfahlan A, Mahmoodzadeh A, Hassanzadeh A, Heidari R, Jamei R. 2010. Antioxidant and antiradical activities of phenolic extracts from Iranian almond (Prunus amygdalus L.) hulls and shells. Turkish J Biol, 34: 165-173.
18
Kamkar A, Shariatifar N, Jamshidi AH, Mohammadian M. 2011. Study of Antioxidant Functional of the Water, Methanol, and Ethanol Extracts of Endemic Cuminum cyminum L. and Cardaria draba L. in the In-vitro Systems, pp 38, Ofoghe danesh.
19
Klich MG. 2000. Leaf variations in Elaeagnus angustifolia related to environmental heterogeneity. Environ Exp Bot, 44: 171-183.
20
Lu Y, Y Foo. 2000. Antioxidant activities of polyphenols from sage (Salvia officinalis) Food Chem, 75: 197-202.
21
Makari HK, N. Haraprasad HS, Patil, Ravikumar. 2008. In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of The Hexane And Methanolic Extracts Of Cordia Wallichii And Celastrus Paniculata. The Internet J. Aesthetic and Antiaging Medicine, 1: 1-10.
22
Mamashloo S, Sadeghi Mahoonak A, Ghorbani M, Alami M, Khomeiri M. 2012. The evaluation of antioxidant properties and stability of phenolic copmpounds from medlar (Mespilus germanica L.) fruit. J Food Sci Tech research and innovation, 1: 219-228.
23
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24
Olukemi OA, Olukemi IO, Oluwatoyin SM, Austin AO, Mansurat LB, Olufunmilola TI. 2005. Antioxidant activity of Nigerian dietary species. Electron. J Environ Agric Food Chem, 4: 1086-1093.
25
Perry LM. 1980. Medicinal Plants of the East and Southeast Asia. MIT Press. London, 131.
26
Pfannhauser W, Fenwick GR, Khokhar S. 2001. Biologically active phytochemicals in food. PP. 448-452, Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry.
27
Sánchez-Moreno C, Cao G, Ou B, Prior RL. 2003. Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin content in selected white and red wines. Oxygen radical absorbance capacity comparison with nontraditional wines obtained from highbush blueberry. J Agric Food Chem, 51:4889-4896.
28
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29
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30
J Agric Food Chem, 57: 9197-9209.
31
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32
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33
Siriwardhana SSKW, Shahidi F. 2002. Antiradical activity of extracs of almond and its by-products. J Am Oil Chem Soc, 79: 903-908.
34
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35
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36
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37
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Cosmetic ethnobotany practiced by tribal women of Kashmir Himalayas
Objective: Himalayan mountain populations have been dependent upon indigenous plant resources for their health care for many years. Tribal women are interested in use of local herbs for cosmetic purposes. The present work is based on the results of research conducted on cosmetic uses of some important plants by the tribal women in District Poonch, Azad Kashmir Pakistan. Materials and Methods: An ethno botanical survey was carried out during summer 2012. The data were collected from 310 female informants from 16 villages using questionnaire method and semi structured interviews. Results: A total of 39 plants species belonging to 20 families, being used for various cosmetic purposes were recorded. Indigenous species are traditionally used by the locals for problems including acne (16%), hair growth (11%), bad breath (12%), facial spots (9%), allergy, (9%), fairness (8%), wrinkles (8%), eye and lip care (9%). Seventy different recipes were recorded to be practiced by locals using herbal parts. The major plant parts utilized in herbal recipes included fruit (32.8%), Leaves (25.2%), seeds (13.4%) and roots (8.9%). Women of older (>30 years) age group showed greater (67%) response regarding knowledge and practice of cosmetic herbs. Conclusion: This study was the 1st ever project focusing on cosmetic perspectives of ethno-botany in the area. Our study contributes to an improved understanding of ignored aspect of cosmetic ethnobotany among the local women. Further detailed investigations are recommended to record and preserve precious ethno-botanical knowledge of the area.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_2680_3a954a6d4297c28f9882c09fc1afee2a.pdf
2014-07-01
239
250
10.22038/ajp.2014.2680
Cosmetic herbs
Himalayas
Skin treatment
Tribal women
Hamayun
Shaheen
hamayunmaldial@yahoo.com
1
Department of Botany, University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
LEAD_AUTHOR
Jaweria
Nazir
2
Department of Botany, University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
AUTHOR
Syeda Sadiqa
Firdous
3
Department of Botany, University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
AUTHOR
Abd-Ur-Rehman
Khalid
4
Department of Plant Pathology, the University of Poonch Rawalakot, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan
AUTHOR
Acharya, Deepak, Anshu S. 2008. Indigenous herbal medicines: Tribal Formulations and traditional herbal practices, pp. 11. Aavishkar Publishers.
1
Afzal S, Mir AK, Tayyaba S. 2009. Ethno-botanical studies from Northern Pakistan. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad, 21: 52-57.
2
Ahmad H, Khan SM, Ghafoor S, Ali N. 2009. Ethnobotanical study of upper siran. J Herbs Spices Med Plants, 15:86-97.
3
Ajaib M, ZD Khan, Khan N, Wahab M. 2010. Ethnobotanical studies on useful shrubs of district Kotli, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan. Pak J Bot, 42: 1407-1415.
4
Ali H, Qaiser M. 2009. The Ethno botany of Chitral valley, Pakistan with particular reference to medicinal plants. Pak J Bot, 41: 2009-2041.
5
Bekalo TH, Woodmatas SD, Woldemariam ZA. 2009. An ethno botanical study of medicinal plants used by local people in the lowlands of Konta Special Woreda, southern nations, nationalities and peoples regional state, Ethiopia, J Ethnobio and Ethnomed, 1: 7-15.
6
Coopoosamy RM, Naidoo KK. 2012. An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by traditional healers in Durban, South Africa.
7
Dar M. 2003. Ethno botanical uses of Plants of Lawat District Muzaffarabad, Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Asian J Plant Sci, 2: 680-682.
8
Everest A, Ozturk E. 2005. Focusing on the ethno botanical uses of plants in Mersin and Adana provinces Turkey, J Ethnobio Ethnomed, 1: 1-6.
9
Ghimire SK, McKey D, Aumeeruddy-Thomas Y. 2006. Himalayan medicinal plant diversity in an ecologically complex high altitude anthropogenic landscape, Dolpo, Nepal. Environ Conserv, 33: 128-140.
10
Hamayun M, Khan SA, Sohn EY, Lee IJ. 2006. Folk medicinal knowledge and co nservation status of some economically valued medicinal plants of district Swat, Pakistan. Lyonia, 11: 101- 113.
11
Jan G, MA Khan, F Gul. 2009. Ethnomedicinal plants used against jaundice in Dir Kohistan valleys (NWFP), Pakistan. Ethnobotanical Leaflets, 13: 1029-41.
12
Kala CP, Mathur VB. 2002. Patterns of plant species distribution in the trans-Himalayan region of Ladakh, India. J Vege Sci, 13: 751-754.
13
Kala CP, 2007. Local preferences of ethno botanical species in the Indian Himalayas: implications for environmental conservation. Current science, 93: 12-25.
14
Kassam K, Karamkhudoeva M, Ruelle M, Baumflek M. 2011. Medicinal plant use and health sovereignty: findings from the Tajik and Afghan Pamirs. Hum Ecol, 38: 817-829
15
Khan I, Razzaq, Islam M. 2007. Ethnobotanical studies of some medicinal and aromatic plants of higher altitude of Pakistan. Ameri-Eur J Agric Env Sci, 2: 470-473.
16
Khan MA, Khan SA, Qureshi MA.2011. Ethnobotany of some useful plants of Poonch Valley Azad Kashmir. J Med Pl Res, 5: 6140-6151.
17
Khan SW, Khatoon S. 2007. Ethno botanical studies on useful trees and shrubs of Haramosh and Bugrote valleys In Gilgit Notheren areas of Pakistan. Pak J Bot, 39: 699-710.
18
Kumar M, Paul Y, Anand VK. 2009. An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by the locals in Kishtwar, Jammu and Kashmir, India. Ethnobotanical Leaflets, 13: 1240-1256.
19
Qureshi RA, Ghufran MA, Gilani SA, Yousaf Z, Abbas G, Batool A. 2009. Indigenous medicinal plants used by local women in southern Himalayan region of Pakistan. Pak J Bot, 41: 19-25.
20
Shah NC, Joshi MC. 2009. An Ethno botanical study of the kumaon region of india. Economic botany, 25: 414-422.
21
Shaheen H, Ullah Z, Khan SM, Harper DM. 2012a. Species composition and community structure of western Himalayan moist temperate forest s in Kashmir. For Ecol Manag, 278: 138-145
22
Shaheen H, Shinwari, ZK, Qureshi RA, Ullah Z. 2012b. Indigenous plant resources and their utilization practices in village populations of kashmir himalayas. Pak J Bot, 44: 739-745.
23
Shinwari ZK, 2002. Ethno botany and its application to conservation in Swat-Himalaya, Pakistan. pp 5-17
24
Shinwari ZK, Adnan SM, Khan AA, Latif A. 2006. Threats to the sustainability of Ethno-Medicinal uses in Northern Pakistan (A Case Study of Miandam Valley, District Swat, NWFP Province, Pakistan). Lyonia, 11: 91-100.
25
Shinwari, ZK, Watanabe T , Yousaf Z. 2000, Medicinal plants of Pakistan: an overview. Proceeding of Nepal Japan Joint Symposium on Conservation and Utilization of Himalayan Medicinal Resources, pp. 298-304. Kathmandu, Nepal.
26
Shrestha PM, Dhillion SS. 2003. Medicinal plant diversity and use in the highlands of Dolakha district, Nepal J Ethnopharmacol, 86: 81-96.
27
Uniyal SK, Kumar A, Lal B, Singh RD. 2006, Quantitative assessment and traditional uses of high value medicinal plants in Chhota Bhangal area of Himachal Pradesh, Western Himalaya. Current Science, 91: 1238-1242.
28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The role for nitric oxide on the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Achillea wilhelmsii on seizure
Objective: Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role both as a consequence and as a cause of epileptic seizures.Regarding the central nervous system depressant effects of Achillea wilhelmsii (A. wilhelmsii), as well the effects of the plant on NO, this study was aimed to elucidatethe possible role for nitric oxide on the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of A. wilhelmsii on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures. Materials and Methods: Fifty-six male Wistar rats were divided into 7 groups (n=8 in each group) and treated with (1) normal saline, (2) normal saline before pentylenetetrazole (PTZ, 90 mg/kg), (3-7) A. wilhelmsii extract (100, 200, 400, 800, and 1200 mg/kg) before PTZ. Latency to first minimal colonic seizure (MCS) and the first generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) as well as the mortality rate were recorded. The brain tissues were then removed for biochemical measurements. Fisher’s exact probability test as well as analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey’s test were used for statistical evaluation. Results: Treatment with 100- 1200 mg/kg of the extract did not affect MCS latencies. 400 mg/kg of the extract prolonged GTCS latency (p<0.001), however, the lower and higher doses were not effective. Nitric oxide metabolites concentrations in the hippocampal tissues of the animals treated with 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of the extract were increased compared with saline (pConclusion: The present study showed that hydroalcoholic extract of A. wilhelmsii affects NO metabolites in brain tissues as well the severity of seizures in PTZ-induced seizure model.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_2217_c3a2abc065a77847c6ffba3c486a2fe8.pdf
2014-07-01
251
259
10.22038/ajp.2014.2217
Achillea wilhelmsii
Hippocampus
Nitric oxide
Pentylenetetrazole
Rat
Seizures
Mahmoud
Hosseini
hosseinim@mums.ac.ir
1
Neurocognitive Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, I. R. Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Fatemeh
Harandizadeh
f.harandizadeh@yahoo.com
2
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad, I. R. Iran
AUTHOR
Saeed
Niazmand
niazmands@mums.ac.ir
3
Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, I. R. Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Soukhtanloo
soukhtanloom@mums.ac.ir
4
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, I. R. Iran
AUTHOR
Azadeh
Faizpour
feizpoura891@mums.ac.ir
5
Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, I. R. Iran
AUTHOR
Marzieh
Ghasemabady
ghasemabadym@yahoo.com
6
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, I. R. Iran
AUTHOR
Afsharypuor S, Asgary S, Lockwood G. 1996. Constituents of the Essential Oil of Achillea wilheimsii from Iran. Planta med, 62: 77-78.
1
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66
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Identification, determination, and study of antioxidative activities of hesperetin and gallic acid in hydro-alcoholic extract from flowers of Eriobotrya japonica (Lindl.)
Objectives: Eriobotrya japonica belongs to the Rosaceae. Studies have shown that the flowers of this plant are rich in phenolic and flavonoid compounds. Accorrdingly, the evaluation of antioxidative effects of Eriobotrya japonica Flower Extract (EJFE) have been performed in vitro. Material and Methods: In this study, to investigate the influences of components of EJFE on its antioxidative activity, extract was prepared using hydro-alcoholic (25:75 V/V) solvent and the antioxidative activity of the extract was evaluated based on the scavenging of various radicals (DPPH and H2O2) by spectrophotometric method and chelating of ferrous ions by ferrozine reagent. Results: HPLC analysis of the Eriobotrya japonica Flower Extract (EJFE) revealed hesperetin and gallic acid as the major antioxidants. When the content of total flavonoid and polyphenolic compounds in the flower extract of this plant was examined, a significantly higher level of total polyphenols was found in Eriobotrya japonica flower extract. Conclusion: Results demonstrate that the high ability to scavenge free radicals, reducing power, and Fe+2chelating activity exerted by the EJFE were due to the high content of hesperetin and gallic acid in the flowers.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_2332_e95b3569f560f3add77897b32a919911.pdf
2014-07-01
260
266
10.22038/ajp.2014.2332
Antioxidant
Eriobotrya japonica Lindl
Flavonoids
Free radicals
Phenolic compounds
Amir Hossein
Esmaeili
amir5762002@yahoo.com
1
Department of Laboratory Science, Babol-Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, I. R. Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Akbar
Hajizadeh Moghaddam
a.hajizadeh@umz.ac.ir
2
Faculty of Basic Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, I. R. Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Chaichi
jchaichi@yahoo.com
3
Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, I. R. Iran
AUTHOR
De Tommasi N, Aquino R, De Simona F, Pizza C. 1992. Plant metabolites. new sesquiterpene and ionona glycosides from Eryobotrya japonica. J Nat Prod,
1
55: 1025-1032.
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5
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6
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17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Moderate dose of watercress and red radish does not reduce oxygen consumption during graded exhaustive exercise
Objective: Very recent studies have reported positive effects of dietary nitrate on the oxygen consumption during exercise. This research aimed to study the effect of moderate dose of high-nitrate vegetables, watercress (Nasturtium officinale) and red radish (Raphanus sativus) compared with a control group on the incremental treadmill exercise test following a standard Bruce protocol controlled by computer. Materials and Methods: Group 1 consumed 100 g watercress (n=11, 109.5 mg nitrate/day), and group 2 consumed 100 g red radish (n=11, mg 173.2 mg nitrate/day) for seven days, and control group (n=14) was prohibited from high nitrate intake. Results: During exercise, watercress group showed significant changes in the maximum values of Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER) (p<0.05), End-Tidal O2 Fraction (FETO2) (p<0.05), and energy consumption from carbohydrate (p<0.01). Red radish group had a significant increase in the VCO2 (p<0.01), RER (p<0.01), VT (p<0.05), VCO2/kg (p<0.05), and energy consumption from carbohydrates (p<0.01). When all groups in the same workload were normalized by the subject’s body mass, watercress had a significant increase in the total expired CO2 (p<0.05), RER (p<0.05), FETO2 (p<0.05), and energy consumption from carbohydrates (p<0.05) compared with the control group. Similar comparison between red radish and control group revealed a significant increase during pre-test in the total CO2 production (p<0.05), VCO2 (p<0.05), RER (p<0.01), VT (p<0.05), and VCO2/kg (p<0.05). Conclusion: Current results indicate higher carbon dioxide production in the experimental groups in the same workload. This might have a negative impact on the exercise performance. Further investigations with controlled exercise program will be necessary.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_2874_fea4a331ed28cf542baf3dc5ea762a7a.pdf
2014-07-01
267
275
10.22038/ajp.2014.2874
Exercise
Nitrate
Red radish
Watercress
Abbas
Meamarbashi
a_meamarbashi@yahoo.com
1
Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, I. R. Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Meysam
Alipour
pooyacaliper@yahoo.com
2
Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, I. R. Iran
AUTHOR
Bailey SJ, Winyard P, Vanhatalo A, Blackwell JR, DiMenna FJ, Wilkerson DP, Tarr J, Benjamin N, Jones AM. 2009. Dietary nitrate supplementation reduces the O2 cost of low-intensity exercise and enhances tolerance to high-intensity exercise in humans. J Appl Physiol, 107: 1144-1155.
1
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3
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6
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7
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Lansley KE, Winyard PG, Fulford J, Vanhatalo A, Bailey SJ, Blackwell JR, Dimenna FJ, Gilchrist M, Benjamin N, Jones AM. 2011. Dietary nitrate supplementation reduces the O2 cost of walking and running: a placebo-controlled study. J Appl Physiol, 110: 591-600.
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Larsen FJ, Weitzberg E, Lundberg JO, Ekblom B. 2010. Dietary nitrate reduces maximal oxygen consumption while maintaining work performance in maximal exercise. Free Radic Biol Med, 48: 342-347.
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Lundberg JO, Weitzberg E, Gladwin MT. 2008. The nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway in physiology and therapeutics. Nat Rev Drug Discov, 7: 156-167.
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Nair KS, Irving BA, Lanza IR. 2011. Can Dietary Nitrates Enhance the Efficiency of Mitochondria? Cell Metab, 13: 117-118.
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Petersson J, Phillipson M, Jansson EA, Patzak A, Lundberg JO, Holm L. 2007. Dietary nitrate increases gastric mucosal blood flow and mucosal defense. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 292: G718-G724.
18
Shiva S, Sack MN, Greer JJ, Duranski M, Ringwood LA, Burwell L, Wang X, MacArthur PH, Shoja A, Raghavachari N. 2007. Nitrite augments tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion injury via the modulation of mitochondrial electron transfer. J Exp Med, 204: 2089-2102.
19
Siahkouhian M, Meamarbashi A. 2013. Advanced methodological approach in determination of the heart rate deflection point: S.Dmax versus L.Dmax methods. J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 53: 27-33.
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Tabatabaei M, Evaluation of NO3 concentration in leafy, fruit bearing and root vegetables of Tabriz of Iran, 8-10 November 2005, Proceedings of 4th Iranian Horticultural Science Congress, Mashhad, Iran.
21
van Faassen EE, Bahrami S, Feelisch M, Hogg N, Kelm M, Kim-Shapiro DB, Kozlov AV, Li H, Lundberg JO, Mason R. 2009. Nitrite as regulator of hypoxic signaling in mammalian physiology. Med Res Rev, 29: 683-741.
22
Vanhatalo A, Bailey SJ, Blackwell JR, Dimenna FJ, Pavey TG, Wilkerson DP, Benjamin N, Winyard PG, Jones AM. 2010. Acute and chronic effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on blood pressure and the physiological responses to moderate-intensity and incremental exercise. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 299: R1121- 1131.
23
Williams MH 2012 Nitrates,Nitrites,Nitric Oxide and Exercise Performance, pp. 1-22 (Norfolk,VA, Old Dominion University).
24
Yeh MP, Gardner RM, Adams TD, Yanowitz FG, Crapo RO. 1983. "Anaerobic threshold": problems of determination and validation. J Appl Physiol, 55: 1178-1186.
25
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of hydroalcoholic extract of ginger on the liver of epileptic female rats treated with lamotrigine
Objective: Lamotrigine is an antiepileptic drug, widely used in the treatment of epilepsy; long-term use of this drug can cause hepatotoxicity. Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ginger) possesses antioxidant properties. In present research, the effect ofhydroalcoholic extract of ginger (HEG) on the liver of lamotrigine-treated epileptic rats was investigated Material and Methods: Forty-eight female Wistar rats were selected and allocated to 8 groups of 6 each. Group 1: Negative controls were treated with normal saline. Group 2: Positive controls were treated with lamotrigine (LTG) (10 mg/kg) daily by gavages for 4 consecutive weeks. Epilepsy was induced in treatment groups by i.p. injection of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) (40 mg/kg). Group 3: Epileptic group received normal saline (10 ml/kg). Group 4: Epileptic group was treated with LTG (10 mg/kg). Groups 5 and 6: Epileptic groups received HEG (50 and 100 mg/kg). Groups 7 and 8: Epileptic groups received LTG and HEG (50 and 100 mg/kg). At the end of 28 days, blood samples were drawn and their livers were processed for light microscopy. Results: The mean values of TG, CHOL, AST, and ALT activity significantly rose (p<0.01) in groups 2, 3, and 4, while in rats treated with HEG (groups 5, 6, 7, and 8), the levels of liver enzymes significantly decreased (p<0.05) compared with epileptic group treated with lamotrigine (group 4). Histopathological changes of liver samples were comparable with respective control. Conclusion: These results suggest that hydroalcoholic extract of ginger improves liver function in lamotrigine-induced hepatotoxicity.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_1914_c0eff9c5e7119f860b52376331c5ef9e.pdf
2014-07-01
276
286
10.22038/ajp.2014.1914
Epilepsy
Lamotrigine
Liver
Zingiber officinale
Rat
Ameneh
Poorrostami
a.poorrostam@yahoo.com
1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, I. R. Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Farah Farokhi
Farokhi
2
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, I. R. Iran
AUTHOR
Reza
Heidari
3
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, I. R. Iran
AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of analgesic, anti-inflammatory and CNS depressant activities of methanolic extract of Lawsonia inermis barks in mice
Objectives: The study was carried out to assess the analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and CNS depressant activity of the methanolic extract of the Lawsonia inermis barks(MELIB). Materials and Methods: Anti-inflammatory effects of MEBLI were studied using carrageenan-induced inflammatory method at the dose of 300 and 500 mg/kg b.wt., p.o. Analgesic activity was measured using acetic acid-induced writhing model and formalin-induced licking and biting in mice. The CNS depressant activity was evaluated by observing the reduction of locomotor and exploratory activities in the open field and hole cross tests at a dose of 300 and 500 mg/kg body weight. Results: Statistical analysis showed that dose of 500 mg/kg exhibited higher analgesic activity against acetic acid-induced pain in mice than the standard drug diclofenac sodium. Furthermore, doses of 300 and 500 mg/kg caused higher percent of protection (91.16% and 95.03%, respectively) of licking and biting of formalin-induced mice than diclophenac sodium (70.72%). The Lawsonia inemis methanolic extract (300 and 500 mg/kg) alsoexhibited sustained inhibition (54.97% and 65.56%) of paw edema at the 4th hour compared with standard indomethacin (74.17%). Besides, the plant extract also had significant (p<0.05) dose-dependent CNS depressant activity. Conclusion: this study recommends that the methanolic extract of Lawsonia inermis barks has significant analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and CNS depressant properties.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_2347_a033f38b6bd2e1a3c89c725079726a43.pdf
2014-07-01
287
296
10.22038/ajp.2014.2347
Analgesic
Anti-inflammatory
Carrageenan
CNS depressant
Formalin induced pain Methanolic
extract of Lawsonia inermis barks
Writhing
Luthfun
Nesa
luthfunnesa_ph@yahoo.com
1
Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
LEAD_AUTHOR
Shirajum
Munira
2
Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
AUTHOR
Shabnam
Mollika
3
Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
AUTHOR
Md. Monirul
Islam
4
Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
AUTHOR
Habibullah
choin
5
Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
AUTHOR
Aktar
Uzzaman Chouduri
6
Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh
AUTHOR
Nazmun
Naher
7
Radiant Pharmaceutical Ltd, Tongi, Bangladesh
AUTHOR
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