ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The effect of hydroalcoholic extract and essential oil of Heracleum persicum on lipid profile in cholesterol-fed rabbits
Objective: This study was designed to investigate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract and essential oil of Heracleum persicum (Apiaceae) on lipid profile of male hyperlipidemic rabbits. Materials and Methods: Thirty rabbits were randomly divided into six groups of five each. One group received normal diet and the other groups fed with a high cholesterol (2% W/W) diet for 7 weeks. Vehicle, hydroalcoholic extract (500 and 1000 mg/kg), essential oil (200 ml/kg), and lovastatin (5 mg/kg) were administered orally to animals and their effects on lipid profile were evaluated. Results: Essential oil of H. perscum significantly (p<0.05) lowered serum triglyceride level and increased HDL-cholesterol concentration. Moreover, hydroalcoholic extract (1000 mg/kg), essential oil (200 ml/kg), and lovastatin significantly (p<0.01) reduced serum concentration of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol. Conclusion: These findings suggest that essential oil of the plant fruits may have some benefits in reducing cardiovascular risk factors.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_2274_0f4392f00f9c758950e8c4fd44d0fa9e.pdf
2014-05-01
144
150
10.22038/ajp.2014.2274
Essential oil
Heracleum persicum
Hyperlipidemia
Valiollah
Hajhashemi
vhajhashemi@gmail.com
1
Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I. R. Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Gholamreza
Dashti
2
Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I. R. Iran
AUTHOR
Salabali
Saberi
3
Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I. R. Iran
AUTHOR
Parvin
Malekjamshidi
4
Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I. R. Iran
AUTHOR
Allain CC, Poon LS, Chan CS, Richmond W, Fu PC. 1974. Enzymatic determination of total serum cholesterol. Clin Chem, 20: 470-475.
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Asgarpanah J, Dadashzadeh Mehrabani G, Ahmadi M, Ranjbar R, Safi-Aldin Ardebily M. 2012. Chemistry, pharmacology and medicinal properties of Heracleum persicum Desf. Ex Fischer: A review. J Med Plants Res, 6: 1813-1820.
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Bhandari U, Sharma JN, Zafar R. 1998. The protective action of ethanolic ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract in cholesterol fed rabbits. J Ethnopharmacol, 61: 167-171.
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Cambien F, Jacqueson A, Richard JL, Warnet JM, Ducimetiere P, Claude JR. 1986. Is the level of serum triglyceride a significant predictor of coronary death in "normocholesterolemic" subjects? The Paris Prospective Study. Am J Epidemiol, 124: 624-632.
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Keys A. 1997. Coronary heart disease in seven countries. Nutrition, 13: 250-252.
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25
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Sajjadi SE, Movahedian-Atar AM, Yektaian A. 1998. Antihyperlipidemic effect of hydroalcoholic extract and polyphenolic fraction from Dracocephalum Kotschyi Boiss. Pharmaceutica Acta Helvetiae, 73: 167-170.
27
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28
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36
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37
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of anti-urolithiatic effect of aqueous extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) leaves using ethylene glycol-induced renal calculi
Objective: To investigate the anti-urolithiatic effect of aqueous extract of leaves of Bryophyllum pinnatum (B. pinnatum) on ethylene glycol-induced renal calculi. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six Wistar male rats were randomly divided into six equal groups. group A animals received distilled water for 28 days. Group B to group F animals received 1% v/v ethylene glycol in distilled water for 28 days and group B served as ethylene glycol control. Groups C and D (preventive groups) received aqueous extract of leaves of B. pinnatum 50 and 100 mg/kg intraperitoneally, respectively for 28 days. Groups E and F (treatment groups) received aqueous extract of leaves of B. pinnatum 50 and 100 mg/kg intraperitoneally, respectively from 15th to 28th day. On days 0 and 28, 24 hrs urine samples were collected for urinary volume and urinary oxalate measurement. On day 28, blood was collected for serum creatinine and blood urea level monitoring. All animals were sacrificed and kidneys were removed, weighed, and histopathologically evaluated for calcium oxalate crystals deposition. Results: Administration of aqueous extract of leaves of B. pinnatum reduced urine oxalate level significantly, as compared with Group B (p<0.001). Serum creatinine and blood urea level were improved significantly in all aqueous extract of leaves of B. pinnatum-treated groups. Relative kidney weight and calcium oxalate depositions were found significantly reduced in animals received ABP as compared with Group B (p<0.001). Conclusion: B. pinnatum is effective in prevention and treatment of ethylene glycol-induced urolithiasis.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_1974_03acceb6c5531b7c503e4cef11f1ef58.pdf
2014-05-01
151
159
10.22038/ajp.2014.1974
Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.)
Calcium oxalate
Ethylene glycol
Renal calculi
Apexa Bhanuprasad
Shukla
apexashelly@gmail.com
1
Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College and Sir Takhtsinhji General Hospital, Bhavnagar-364001 (Gujarat), IndiaHospital, Bhavnagar-364001 (Gujarat), India
AUTHOR
Divyesh Rasikbhai
Mandavia
drdivyeshmandavia@gmail.com
2
Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College and Sir Takhtsinhji General Hospital, Bhavnagar-364001 (Gujarat), India
AUTHOR
Manish Jasmatbhai
Barvaliya
drmanishbarvaliya@gmail.com
3
Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College and Sir Takhtsinhji General Hospital, Bhavnagar-364001 (Gujarat), India
AUTHOR
Seema Natvarlal
Baxi
seemabaxi@yahoo.com
4
Department of Pathology, Government Medical College and Sir Takhtsinhji General Hospital, Bhavnagar-364001 (Gujarat), India
AUTHOR
Chandrabhanu Rajkishore
Tripathi
cbrtripathi@yahoo.co.in
5
Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College and Sir Takhtsinhji General Hospital, Bhavnagar-364001 (Gujarat), India
LEAD_AUTHOR
Akinpelu DA. 2000. Antimicrobial activity of Bryophyllum pinnatum leaves. Fitoterapia, 71:193-194.
1
Atef M and Al-Attar. 2010. Antilithiatic Influence of Spirulina on Ethylene Glycol-Induced Nephrolithiasis in Male Rats.Am J Biochem Biotechnol, 6: 25-31.
2
Atmani F and Khan SR. 2000. Effect of an extract from Herniaria hirsute on calcium oxalate crystallization in vitro. BJU Int, 85: 621-625.
3
Fauzia Y, Muhammad A, Waqar. 2011. Effect of indigenous plant extracts on calcium oxalate crystallization having a role in urolithiasis. Urol Res, 39: 345-350.
4
Gambaro G, Favaro S, D'Angelo A. 2001. Risk for renal failure in nephrolithiasis. Am J Kidney Dis, 37: 233-243.
5
Ghodkar PB. 1994. Chemical tests in kidney disease. In: Textbook of Medical Laboratory Technology, first ed. pp.118-132, Bhalani Publishing House, Mumbai.
6
Harlalka GV, Patil MR. 2007. Protective effect of Kalanchoe pinnata pers. (Crassulaceae) on Gentamycin-induced neprhotoxicity in rats. Indian J Pharmacol, 39: 201-205.
7
Hadjzadeh MA, Khoei A, Hadjzadeh Z, Parizady M. 2007. Ethanolic extract of nigella sativa L seeds on ethylene glycol-induced kidney calculi in rats. Urol J, 4: 86-90.
8
Khan SR, Glenton P. 1995. Deposition of calcium phosphate and calcium oxalate crystals in the kidneys. J Urol, 153:811–817.
9
Khan SR. 1997. Animal models of kidney stone formation: an analysis. World J Urol, 15: 236-243.
10
Khan SR, Finlayson B, Hackett RL. 1982. Experimental calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis in the rat. Role of the renal papilla. Am J Pathol, 107: 59-69.
11
Khan SR, Thamilselvan S. 2000. Nephrolithiasis: a consequence of renal epithelial cell exposure to oxalate and calcium oxalate crystals. Mol Urol, 4: 305-312.
12
Kim SC, Coe FL, Tinmouth WW. 2005. Stone formation is proportional to papillary surface coverage by Randall’s plaque. J Urol, 173: 117-119.
13
Kishimoto T, Yamamoto K, Sugimoto T, Yoshihara H, Maekawa M. 1986. Side effects of extracorporeal shock-wave exposure in patients treated by extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy upper urinary tract. Eur Urol, 12: 308-313.
14
Kuo RL, Lingeman JE, Evan AP, Paterson RF, Parks JH, Bledsoe SB, Munch LC, Coe FL. 2003. Urine calcium and volume predict coverage of renal papilla by Randall’s plaque. Kidney Int, 64: 2150-2154.
15
Li MG, Madappally MM.1989. Rapid Enzymatic Determination of Urinary Oxalate. Clin Chem, 35: 2330-2333.
16
Majaz QA, Nazim S, Asir Q, Shoeb Q, Bilal GM. 2011. Screening of Invitro Anthelmintic activity of Kalanchoe pinnata roots. Int J Res Ayurveda Pharm, 2: 221-223.
17
Manjula K, Rajendran K, Eevera T, Kumaran S. 2012. Effect of Costus igneus stem extract on calcium oxalate urolithiasis in albino rats. Urol Res, 40: 499-510.
18
Misra S, Dixit S. 1979. Antifungal activity of leaf extract of some higher plants. Acta Botanica Indica, 7: 147-150.
19
Morales AI, Sanchez CV, Jerkic M, Santiago JM, Gonzalez PD, Barriocanal FP. 2006. Effect of quercetin on metallothionein, nitric oxide synthases and cyclooxygenase-2 expression on experimental chronic cadmium nephrotoxicity in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 210:128-135.
20
Ojewole JAO. 2002. Antihypertension properties of Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam) (oken) leaf extracts. Am J. Hypert,15:34-39.
21
Ojewole. 2005. Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects of Bryophyllum pinnatum (Crassulaceae) leaf aqueous extract. J Ethnopharmacol, 99:13-19.
22
Otnes B.1980. Sex differences in the crystalline composition of stones from upper urinary tract. Scand J Urol Nephro, 114:51-56.
23
Pal S and Chaudhari AKN.2000. Studies on the antiulcer activity of B.pinnatum leaf extract in experimental animals. Fitoterpia, 71:193-194.
24
Rad AK, Hajzadeh MAR, Rajaei Z, Sadeghian MH, Keshavarzi Z. 2011.Preventive effect of Cynodon dactylon against ethylene glycol-induced nephrolithiasis in male rats. Avicenna J Phytomed, 1: 14-23.
25
Robertson WG, Peacock M.1980. The cause of idiopathic calcium stone disease: hypercalciuria or hyperoxaluria. Nephron, 26: 105-110.
26
Salah N, Miller NJ, Paganga G, Tijburg L, Bolwell GP, Rice-Evans C. 1995. Polyphenolic flavonls as scavenger of aqueous phase radicals as chain breaking antioxidant. Arch Biochem Biophys, 2: 339-346
27
Stoller ML, Bolton DM. Urinary stone diseases. 2004. In: Tanagho EA, McAninch JW, editors.Smith’s general urology. p. 291-321, 15 th ed. Ohio: McGraw-Hill.
28
Sumathi R, Jayanthi S, Kalpanadevi V, Varalakshmi P. 1993. Effect of DL alpha-lipoic acid on tissue lipid peroxidation and antioxidant systems in normal and glycollate treated rats. Pharmacol Res, 27:309-318.
29
Supratman U, Fujita T, Akiyama K, Hayashi H, Murakami A, Sakal H, et al., 2001. Anti-tumor promoting activity of Bufdienolides from Kalanchoe Pinnata and K. Daigremontiana X Tubiflora. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem, 65: 947-949.
30
Varma RK, Ahmad A, Kharole MU, Garg BD. 1979. Toxicologic studies on Kalanchoe integra: An indigenous plant: Acute toxicity study. Indian J Pharmacol, 11: 301-305.
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Varma RK, Garg BD, Ahmad A.1986. Pharmacodynamic studies on Kalanchoe integra: An indigenous plant. Indian J Pharmacol, 18: 78-83.
32
Vermeulen CW. 1962. Experiments on causation of urinary calculi. In: Essays in Experimental Biology. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. 253-269.
33
Yadav NP, Dixit VK. 2003. Hepatoprotective activity of leaves of Kalanchoe pinnata Pers. J Ethnopharmacol, 86: 197-202.
34
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Treatment of hypercholesterolemia: screening of Solanum macrocarpon Linn (Solanaceae) as a medicinal plant in Benin
Objective: Hypercholesterolemia is the greatest risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The present study is conducted to evaluate the lipid lowering activity of leaves and fruits of Solanum macrocarpon, a vegetable, on Wistar rats experimentally rendered hypercholesterolemic by Triton X-100. Materials and Methods: The leaves and fruits were administered (p.o.) for 7 days to rats at doses of 400 and 800 mg/kg of body weight. Atorvastatin was used as reference treatment drug. The data were analyzed by the Brown-Forsythe ANOVA, Dunnett’s T3 multiple comparison test, and Dunnett’s t test. All tests were done at the 5% significance level. Results: Administration of S. macrocarpon (fruits as well as leaves) resulted in a statistically significant decrease in total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides in the treated groups compared with the untreated hypercholesterolemic group, regardless of the administrated doses. A significant increase in HDL-cholesterol was observed in the treated groups. Hepatic disorders due to the Triton have been corrected by S. macrocarpon. Conclusions: This vegetable effectively suppresses experimental hypercholesterolemia in Wistar rats, suggesting a protective role in cardiovascular diseases. Its use by individuals at risk should be promoted.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_2208_bed2ae9de74ee7257de6220fb40f733c.pdf
2014-05-01
160
169
10.22038/ajp.2014.2208
Cholesterolemia
Feeding
Regulation
Solanum macrocarpon
Wistar rats
Tamègnon Victorien
Dougnon
victorien88@hotmail.com
1
Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Interfaculty Center of Formation and Research in Environment for the Sustainable Development, University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 01 PO Box 1463 Cotonou, Benin
LEAD_AUTHOR
Honoré Sourou
Bankolé
2
Laboratory of Research in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 PO Box 2009 Cotonou, Benin
AUTHOR
Jean Robert
Klotoé
3
Laboratory of Research in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 PO Box 2009 Cotonou, Benin
AUTHOR
Maximin
Sènou
4
Laboratory of Research in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 PO Box 2009 Cotonou, Benin
AUTHOR
Lauris
Fah
5
Laboratory of Research in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 PO Box 2009 Cotonou, Benin
AUTHOR
Hornel
Koudokpon
6
Laboratory of Research in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 PO Box 2009 Cotonou, Benin
AUTHOR
Casimir
Akpovi
7
Laboratory of Research in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 PO Box 2009 Cotonou, Benin
AUTHOR
Tossou Jacques
Dougnon
8
Laboratory of Research in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 PO Box 2009 Cotonou, Benin
AUTHOR
Phyllis
Addo
9
Department of Animal Experimentation, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), University of Ghana, PO Box LG 581 Legon, Ghana
AUTHOR
Frédéric
Loko
10
Laboratory of Research in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 PO Box 2009 Cotonou, Benin
AUTHOR
Michel
Boko
11
Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Interfaculty Center of Formation and Research in Environment for the Sustainable Development, University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 01 PO Box 1463 Cotonou, Benin
AUTHOR
Callias C. 2007. Les alicaments dans la lutte contre l’hypercholestérolémie. Bull Soc Ens Neuch Sci, 30: 1-18.
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Chidikofan G. 2010. Contribution à l’amélioration de la qualité des cultures maraîchères du site de Houéyiho à Cotonou au BENIN : cas de la laitue (Lactuca sativa L.), Mémoire de Master, 2IE Ouagadougou.
2
Codo R. 2012. Performance de l’apposition placentaire comme technique de diagnostic du paludisme placentaire à l’accouchement en zone de transmission stable. Mémoire de Master Professionnel, Ecole Polytechnique d’Abomey-Calavi, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, République du Bénin.
3
Devi R, Sharma DK. 2004. Hypolipidemic effect of different extracts of Clerodendron colebrookianum Walp in normal and high-fat diet fed rats. J Ethnopharmacol, 90:63-68.
4
Deweerdt L, Later R. 2009. Mise en place d’un laboratoire de biologie médicale autonome dans un pays en développement.
5
Djamel K. 2007. Etude du polymorphisme de l’apoprotéine E dans la population constantinoise et dans les maladies. Thèse de Doctorat d’état en génétique et biologie moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Mentouri Constantine, Algérie.
6
Dougnon TV, Bankolé HS, Edorh AP, Dougnon TJ, Klotoé JR, Loko F, Boko M. 2013a. Cytotoxicity of leaves and fruits of Solanum macrocarpon Linn (Solanaceae) against shrimp larvae (Artemia salina Leach). Res J Rec Sci, 2: 6-9.
7
Dougnon V, Bankolé H, Edorh P, Klotoé JR, Dougnon J, Fah L, Loko F, Boko M. 2013b. Acute toxicity of Solanum macrocarpon Linn (Solanaceae) on Wistar rats: study about leaves and fruits. Am J Biochem, 3: 84-88.
8
Dougnon TV, Bankolé HS, Johnson RC, Klotoé JR, Dougnon G, Gbaguidi F, Assogba F, Gbénou J, Sahidou S, Atègbo J-M, Rihn BH, Loko F, Boko M, Edorh AP. 2012c. Phytochemical, nutritional and toxicological analyses of leaves and fruits of Solanummacrocarpon Linn (Solanaceae) in Cotonou (Benin). Food and Nutrition Sciences, 3: 1595-1603.
9
Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. 1972. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem,18: 499-502.
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Ghorbani A. 2013. Phytotherapy for diabetic dyslipidemia: evidence from clinical trials. Clin Lipid, 8: 311-319.
11
Ghule BV, Ghante MH, Saoji AN, Yeole PG. 2006. Hypolipidemic and antihyperlipidemic effects of Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) fruit extracts. Indian J Exp Biol, 44: 905-909.
12
Giri RK, Kanungo SK, Tripathi NK. 2012. Hypolipidemic Activity of Spinacia Oleracea L. in atherogenic diet induced hyperlipidemic rats. J Biom Pharm Res, 1: 39-43.
13
Keshetty V, Pabba S, Gudipati R, Kandukuri JM, Allenki V. 2009. Antihyperlipidemic Activity of methanolic extract of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) in Triton X-100 induced hyperlipidemic rats. J Pharm Res, 2: 777-780.
14
Kim HY, Jeong da M, Jung HJ, Jung YJ, Yokozawa T, Choi JS. 2008. Hypolipidemic effects of Sophora flavescens and its constituents in poloxamer 407-induced hyperlipidemic and cholesterol-fed rats. Biol Pharm Bull, 31:73-78.
15
Kothiyal P, Gupta AK. 2011. Antihyperlipidemic activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of fruits of Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. in Triton X-100 induced hyperlipidemic rats, Pharmacologyonline,3: 386-395.
16
Krishna CB, Ravindra BS, Jayasree V, Alekhya R, Diana VA, Jaji S. 2012. Antihyperlipidemic of Ruellia tuberosa Linn in triton induced hyperlipidemic rats. Int J Pharm, 2: 740-745.
17
Odou M.-F. 2013. Dossier Les analyses médicales. File view on 06/07/2013 à 13 heures 06 minutes, available at http://www.doctissimo.fr/html/sante/analyses/ana_lipidique04.htm.
18
Patel JS, Setty SK, Chakraborty M, Kamath JV. 2011. Antihyperlipidemic activity of Medohar Vati in triton x-100 induced hyperlipidemic rats. Int J Pharm Res Devel, 4: 125-130.
19
Rachid S, Hassan T. 2007. Cholestérol, lipoprotéine et athérosclérose : de la biochimie à la physiopathologie. Les technologies de laboratoire, 2: 4-11.
20
Reddy DBS, Kumar PR, Bharavi K, Venkateswarlu U. 2011. Hypolipidemic activity of methanolic extract of Terminalia arjuna leaves in hyperlipidemic rat models. Res J Med Sci, 5: 172-175.
21
Sodipo OA, Abdulrahman FI, Sandabe UK, Akinniyi JA. 2011. Drug therapy for hyperlipidaemia (dyslipidaemia) – A review. J Appl Pharm Sci, 1: 01-06.
22
Sodipo OA, Abdulrahman FI, Sandabe UK. 2012. Biochemical kidney function with aqueous fruit extract of Solanum macrocarpum Linn. in albino rats chronically administered triton-X to induce hyperlipidemia. J Med Med Sci, 3: 093-098.
23
Sudha SS, Karthic R, Naveen JR. 2011. Anti hyperlipidemic activity of Spirulina platensis in Triton X-100 induced hyperlipidemic rats. Hygeia: J Drugs Med, 3: 32-37.
24
Venkatesham A, Vasu K, Srinivas P, Rajyalakshmi G, Jagan MK. 2009. Antihyperlipidemic activity of methanolic extract of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) in Triton X-100 induced hyperlipidemic rats. J Pharm Res, 2: 777-780.
25
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Silymarin attenuates mycophenolate mofetil-induced duodenal disorders in rats
Objective: The protective effect of silymarin (SMN) on mycophenolate mofetil (MMF)–induced duodenal disorders was investigated. Materials and Methods: Forty-two Wistar rats were assigned to seven groups including control and test groups. The control animals received saline and the test animals were treated with MMF (30 mg/kg, orally) and saline, MMF and SMN (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, orally), MMF and Celecoxib (CLX, 50 mg/kg, orally), and MMF and SMN plus CLX for 14 consecutive days. The antioxidant status and myeloperoxidase activity were determined and the histopathological examinations on duodenal section also were performed. Results: Biochemical analyses revealed that SMN and CLX individually and in combination therapy could reduce the MMF-increased nitric oxide (NO) content, myeloperoxidase (MPA) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) level, while the MMF-reduced level of total thiol molecules (TTM) was increased significantly (p<0.05) by given compounds. Concurrent administration of SMN and CLX resulted in a synergistic effect on the reduction of MDA level and MPO activity. SMN and CLX were able to improve the MMF-induced histopathological damages including the villus atrophy and inflammatory cells infiltration. Conclusion: Our data suggest that the MMF-induced duodenal disorders may attribute to the elevated NO and MDA levels and myeloperoxidase activity that resulted in pathological injuries. Moreover, the biochemical alterations and histopathological injuries due to MMF administration were reduced by SMN alone or in combination with CLX indicating its protective effect.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_1558_2ecf46c6356d8e39f2bccab6d5bf25d4.pdf
2014-05-01
170
181
10.22038/ajp.2014.1558
Antioxidant
Combination drug therapy
Gastrointestinal
Protective effects
Silymarin
Hassan
Malekinejad
hassanmalekinejad@yahoo.com
1
Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, I. R. Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Sanaz
Sheikhzadeh
2
Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, I. R. Iran
AUTHOR
Rahim
Hobbenaghi
3
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran, I. R. Iran
AUTHOR
Abou-Samra M, Sanda –Chedea V, Economou A, Calokerinos A, Kefalas P. 2011. Antioxidant/pro-oxidant properties of model phenolic compounds: Part I. Studies on equimolar mixtures by chemiluminescence and cyclic voltammetry. Food Chem, 125: 622-629.
1
Allison AC, Eugui EM. 2000. Mycophenolate mofetil and its mechanisms of action. Immunopharmacol, 47: 85-118. Ashkavand Z, Malekinejad H, Amniattalab A, Rezaei-Golmisheh A, Vishwanath BS. 2012. Silymarin potentiates the anti-inflammatory effects of Celecoxib on chemically induced osteoarthritis in rats. Phytomedicine, 19: 1200-1205.
2
Behrend M. 2001. Adverse gastrointestinal effects of mycophenolate mofetil: Aetiology, incidence and management. Drug Saf, 24: 645-663.
3
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4
El-Lakkany NM, Hammam OA, El-Maadawy WH, Badawy AA, Ain-Shoka AA, Ebeid FA. 2012. Anti-inflammatory/anti-fibrotic effects of the hepatoprotective silymarin and the schistosomicide praziquantel against Schistosoma mansoni-induced liver fibrosis. Parasit Vectors, 5: 9
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Fernandes PD, Landgraf RG, Britto LR, Jancar S. 2007. Production of nitric oxide by airways neutrophils in the initial phase of murine asthma. Int Immunopharmacol, 7: 96-102.
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Malekinejad H, Cheraghi H, Alizadeh A, Khadem-Ansari MH, Tehrani AA, Varasteh S. 2011. Nitric oxide and acute phase proteins are involved in pathogenesis of mycophenolate mofetil–induced gastrointestinal disorders in rats. Transplant Proc, 43: 2741-2746.
14
Malekinejad H, Rahmani F, Valivande-Azar S, Taheri-Broujerdi M, Bazargani-Gilani B. 2012. Long-term administration of Silymarin augments proinflammatory mediators in the hippocampus of rats: Evidence for antioxidant and pro-oxidant effects. Hum Exp Toxicol, 31: 921-930.
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Moreau JF, Bouchet PL, Molimard M, Pinson B, Couzi L, Merville P, Mahfouf W, Chaigne-Delalande SB, Guidicelli G. 2008. The immunosuppressor mycophenolic acid kills activated lymphocytes by inducing a nonclassical actin-dependent necrotic signal. J Immunol, 181: 7630-7638.
16
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Parfitt JR, Jayakumar S, Driman DK. 2008. Mycophenolate mofetil-related gastrointestinal mucosal injury: Variable injury patterns, including graft-versus-host disease-like changes. Am J Surg Pathol, 32: 1367-1372.
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21
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22
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24
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29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Mineral elements and essential oil contents of Scutellaria luteo-caerulea Bornm. & Snit.
Objective: Scutellaria luteo-caerulea Bornm. & Snit. is one of the species of genus Scutellaria, within the family of the Lamiaceae, that is used for immune system stimulation and antibacterial effects in traditional medicine in Iran. The aims of this study were to analyze essential oils and mineral element contents of leaves of S. luteo-caerulea in flowering stage of development. Materials and Methods: The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation of the leaves of S. luteo-caerulea and were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Moreover, microwave digestion with atomic absorption spectrophotometry were used for the mineral elements assay. Results: Ninety-seven constituents were detected. Between them, the major components were trans-caryophyllene (25.4%), D-germacrene (7.9%), and linalool (7.4%). Determination of mineral elements showed that the highest minerals were Ca2+ (65.14±1.95 µg/ml) and K+ (64.67±3.10 µg/ml). Conclusion: Presence of different essential oils and rich sources of Ca2+ and K+ candidate this plant as an auxiliary medication in different diseases, but more complementary researches are needed about its potency and side effects.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_1863_849bb5dfe7bf7b22da53f3e84dfc9c19.pdf
2014-05-01
182
190
10.22038/ajp.2014.1863
atomic absorption
Essential oils
Gas chromatography mass Mineral elements
Spectrometry
Spectrophotometry
Mohammad
Nikbin
m.nikbin@outlook.com
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchistan, Zahedan, I. R. Iran
AUTHOR
Nasrin
Kazemipour
kazemipour@shirazu.ac.ir
2
Department of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I. R. Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Malek Taher
Maghsoodlou
mt_maghsoodlou@yahoo.com
3
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchistan, Zahedan, I. R. Iran
AUTHOR
Jafar
Valizadeh
walizadeh@hamoon.usb.ac.ir
4
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchistan, Zahedan,I. R. Iran
AUTHOR
Masood
Sepehrimanesh
sepehrimaneshmasood@gmail.com
5
Department of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I. R. Iran
AUTHOR
Amene
Davarimanesh
a.davari88@gmail.com
6
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchistan, Zahedan, I. R. Iran
AUTHOR
Adams RP. 2001. Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography/ mass spectroscopy, Allured Publishing Co, Carol Stream IL.
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24
Tayarani-Najaran Z, Mousavi SH, Vahdati-Mashhadian N, Emami SA, Parsaee H. 2012. Scutellaria litwinowii induces apoptosis through both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways in human promyelocytic leukemia cells, Nutr Cancer, 64: 80-88.
25
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2007. Antitumor activity of chloroform fraction of Scutellaria barbata and its active constituents, Phytother Res, 21: 817-822.
31
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32
Zandi K, Teoh BT, Sam SS, Wong PF, Mustafa
33
MR, AbuBakar S. 2012. Novel antiviral activity of baicalein against dengue virus, BMC Complem Altern Med, 12: 214-223.
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Zhang N, Van Crombruggen K, Holtappels G, Bachert C. 2012. A herbal composition of Scutellaria baicalensis and Eleutherococcus senticosus shows potent anti-inflammatory effects in an ex vivo human mucosal tissue model, Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 13: 673145-673153.
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36
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Chemical composition of essential oil and anti trichomonas activity of leaf, stem, and flower of Rheum ribes L. extracts
Objectives: Trichomoniasis is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases in humans and is caused by the protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis. Nowadays, increasing resistance to drugs such as metronidazole resulted in many problem, so new effective remedies are needed. In this study, we evaluate constituents of essential oil and anti-trichomonas activity of Rheum ribes. Materials and Methods: The essential oil from Rheum ribes L.flower growing wild in Iran was analyzed by GC/MS. The parasites were treated with different extract and fractions of the flower, stem, and leave of the plant. Anti-trichomonas activity was evaluated using an in vitro assay. Results: In all, 19 compounds were identified; palmitic acid [27.08%], n-eicosane [9.9%], n-tetracosane [7.34%], linoleic acid [6.56%], and ethyl linoleate [4.76%] were the main components of the oil. Rheum ribes extracts and fractions concentration dependently inhibited the ability of parasites to growth. This was associated with polarity of solvent used for fractionation and plant parts used for extraction. Conclusion: Findings demonstrate the potential of Rheum ribes extracts as an anti-trichomonas agent for human use. Further studies are required to evaluate its toxicity and safety.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_1968_037a7622a7a28ad0eea4c83e0509b74a.pdf
2014-05-01
191
199
10.22038/ajp.2014.1968
Essential oil
Rheum ribes
Trichomonas vaginalis
Forough
Naemi
forough naemi@yahoo.com
1
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran,
AUTHOR
Gholamreza
Asghari
asghari@pharm.mui.ac.ir
2
Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I. R Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hossein
Yousofi
yousofi@med.mui.ac.ir
3
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
AUTHOR
Hossein Ali
Yousefi
yousefiha@med.mui.ac.ir
4
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
AUTHOR
Abu-Irmaileh BE, Afifi FU. 2003. Herbal medicine in Jordan with special emphasis on commonly used herbs. J Ethnopharmacol, 89: 193-197.
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54
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Chemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant profile of essential oil from Murraya koenigii (L.) leaves
Objective: This study is designed to extract and examine chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the hydro-distillated essential oil of Murraya koenigii leaves from the south region of Tamilnadu, India. Matherials and Methods: Gas Chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the essential oil result was indicates the 33 different compounds representing 97.56 % of the total oil. Results: Major compounds detected in the oil were Linalool (32.83%), Elemol (7.44%), Geranyl acetate (6.18%), Myrcene (6.12%), Allo-Ocimene (5.02), α-Terpinene (4.9%), and (E)-β-Ocimene (3.68%) and Neryl acetate (3.45%). From the identified compounds, they were classified into four groups that are oxygenated monoterpenes (72.15%), monoterpene hydrocarbons (11.81%), oxygenated sesquiterpenes (10.48%) and sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons (03.12%). The antibacterial activity of essential oil has pronounced by Disc Diffusion Method against various pathogenic microbes. Conclusion: The oil has a maximum zone of inhibition ability against Corynebacterium tuberculosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pyogenes, Klebsiella pneumonia and Enterobacter aerogenes. The antioxidant profile of the sample was determined by different test systems. In all the systems, essential oil showed a strongest activity profile within the concentration range.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_2564_0b55661e6e41d3930e3be8baf231d9c8.pdf
2014-05-01
200
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10.22038/ajp.2014.2564
Antioxidant activity
Chemical composition
Essential oil
Murraya koenigii (L) leaves
Mini Priya
Rajendran
eteridirector@gmail.com
1
Department of Biotechnology, EDU-TECH Research Centre, EDU-TECH Educational and Research Institute, Melpuram, Pacode Post, Kanyakumari District, Tamilnadu, India – 629168.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Blessed
Beautlin Pallaiyan
edutechrc@gmail.com
2
Department of Biotechnology, Udaya College of Arts and Science, Udaya Nagar, Vellamodi, Kanyakumari District, Tamilnadu, India.
AUTHOR
Nija
Selvaraj
etrcdtp@gmail.com
3
Department of Biotechnology, Udaya College of Arts and Science, Udaya Nagar, Vellamodi, Kanyakumari District, Tamilnadu, India.
AUTHOR
Adebajo AC, Ayoola OF, Iwalewa EO, Akindahunsi AA, Omisore NO, Adewunmi CO, Adenowo TK. 2006. Anti-trichomonal, biochemical and toxicological activities of methanolic extract and some carbazole alkaloids isolated from the leaves of Murraya koenigii growing in Nigeria. Phytomed. 13: 246-254.
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Preliminary pharmacological activity of the methanolic extract of Premna integrifolia barks in rats
Objective: Premna integrifolia Linn (Family: Verbenaceae) synonym of Premna serratifolia has tremendous medicinal value. Preliminary pharmacological studies were performed on the methanolic extract of Premna integrifolia (MEPI) bark to investigate neuropharmacological, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activities. Materials and methods: Neuropharmacology study was done by open field and hole cross test whereas acetic acid writhing test and formalin induced pain was done for analgesic activity of MEPI. Carrageenan induced inflammatory model was considered for anti-inflammatory activity evaluation. Results: A statistically significant (p<0.05) decrease in locomotor activity was observed at all doses in the open-field and hole-cross tests. The extract significantly (p<0.05) and dose dependently reduced the writhing reflex in the acetic acid-induced writhing test as well as licking response in the formalin induced inflammatory pain. At 200 mg/kg body weight dose, MEPI showed 71.16% inhibition in carrageenan induced anti-inflammatory activity. Conclusion: The finding of this study suggests that MEPI will provide scientific support for the use of this species in traditional medicine.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_2331_b44ebd8ce9eebc02d1facdb434b69847.pdf
2014-05-01
215
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10.22038/ajp.2014.2331
Analgesic
Antibacterial
CNS depressant
Inflammation
Premna integrifolia
Hajera
Khatun
1
Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
AUTHOR
Rajib
Majumder
2
Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
AUTHOR
Efte Kharul
Alam
3
Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
AUTHOR
Al
Mamun
4
Department of Pharmacy, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
AUTHOR
Safkath
Ibne Jami
5
Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
AUTHOR
Badrul
Alam
badrulalam325@yahoo.com
6
Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
LEAD_AUTHOR
Adzu B, Amo S, Kapu SD, Gamaniel KS. 2003. Anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of Sphaeranthus senegalensis. J Ethnopharmacol, 84: 169-174.
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