ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The effects of onion (Allium cepa L.) dried by different heat treatments on plasma lipid profile and fasting blood glucose level in diabetic rats
Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effects of onion (Allium cepa L.) against hyperglycaemia and dyslipidemia and determine possible changes in these effects due to different heat treatments applied to onion. Materials and Methods: 32 male Wistar-albino rats were divided into 4 groups as follows: the groups C and DC were fed with standard rat diet; the DLO group was fed with rat diet including 5% onion powder dried at -76°C in a lyophilizator, and the DFO group was fed with rat diet including 5% onion powder dried at 80°C in a furnace. Diabetes was induced in DC, DLO and DFO groups by injection of streptozotocin (45 mg/kg). Results: A decreasing tendency was observed in fasting blood glucose (FBG) values of DLO group during the experiment period and it was found that the 6th and 8th weeks values were significantly lower than the 1st and 2nd weeks values (p<0.05).On the other hand, no statistical difference was observed in the FBG values measured at different weeks in the DFO group. Significant differences were also observed among the groups in terms of plasma lipid values. DLO group was determined to have lower levels of triglyceride (p<0.001), LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol and higher levels of HDL cholesterol (p Conclusion: Lyophilized onion powder may be protective against hyperglycaemia and dyslipidemia arising from diabetes. However, the heat treatments applied to onion affect this protective role negatively.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_14066_d9a66992b00cf0a4fd406100f3fb068d.pdf
2020-07-01
325
333
10.22038/ajp.2019.14066
Allium cepa
Dyslipidemia
Hyperglycemia
Herbal Medicine
Streptozocin
Taha Gökmen
Ulger
tgulger@ankara.edu.tr
1
Ankara University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 06080 Ankara, Turkey
LEAD_AUTHOR
Funda Pınar
Çakiroglu
2
Ankara University Faculty of Health Sciences, 06080 Ankara, Turkey
AUTHOR
Ahn YM, Lim SJ, Han HK, Choi SS. 2006. Effects of Allium vegetable intake on levels of plasma glucose, lipid and minerals in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. J Nutr Health, 39: 433-443.
1
Akash MSH, Rehman K, Chen S. 2014. Spice plant Allium cepa: Dietary supplement for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutrition, 30: 1128-1137.
2
American Diabetes Association. 2014. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care, 37: 81-90.
3
Azuma K, Minami Y, Ippoushi K, Terao J. 2007. Lowering effects of onion intake on oxidative stress biomarkers in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Clin Biochem Nutr, 40: 131-140.
4
Babu PS, Srinivasan K. 1997. Influence of dietary capsaicin and onion on the metabolic abnormalities associated with streptozotocin induced diabetes mellitus. Mol Cell Bıochem, 175: 49-57.
5
Bang M, Kim HA, Cho YJ. 2009. Alterations in the blood glucose, serum lipids and renal oxidative stress in diabetic rats by supplementation of onion (Allium cepa. Linn). Nutr Res Pract, 3: 242-246.
6
Beato VM, Sánchez AH, De Castro A, Montaño A. 2012. Effect of processing and storage time on the contents of organosulfur compounds in pickled blanched garlic. J Agric Food Chem, 60: 3485-3491.
7
Crozier A, Lean ME, McDonald MS, Black C. 1997. Quantitative analysis of the flavonoid content of commercial tomatoes, onions, lettuce, and celery. J Agric Food Chem, 45: 590-595.
8
Eldin IMT, Ahmed EM, Elwahab AHM. 2010. Preliminary Study of the Clinical Hypoglycemic Effects of Allium cepa (Red Onion) in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetic patients. Environ Health Insights, 4: 71-77.
9
Ewald C, Fjelkner-Modig S, Johansson K, Sjöholm I, Åkesson B. 1999. Effect of processing on major flavonoids in processed onions, green beans, and peas. Food Chem, 64: 231-235.
10
Hasimun P, Sukandar EY, Adnyana IK, Tjahjono DH. 2011. A simple method for screening antihyperlipidemic agents. Int J Pharmacol, 7: 74-78.
11
Ikechukwu OJ, Ifeanyi OS. 2016. The Antidiabetic Effects of The Bioactive Flavonoid (Kaempferol-3-O-β-D-6 {P-Coumaroyl} Glucopyranoside) Isolated From Allium cepa. Recent patents on anti-infective drug discovery, 11: 44-52.
12
Indumathi D, Sujithra K, Srinivasan S, Vinothkumar V. 2018. Betanin exhibits significant potential as an antihyperglycemic and attenuating the glycoprotein components in streptozotocin–nicotinamide-induced experimental rats. Toxıcol Mech Method, 28: 547-554.
13
International Diabetes Federation. 2017. IDF Diabetes Atlas - 8th edition. Available from: http://www.diabetesatlas.org/across-the-globe.html
14
Islam MS, Choi H. 2008. Effects of dietary onion (Allium cepa L.) in a high-fat diet streptozotocin-induced diabetes rodent model. Ann Nutr Metab, 53: 6-12.
15
Kabrah MAM, Faidah HS, Ashshi AM, Turkistani MSA. 2016. Antibacterial Effect of Onion. Sch J App Med Sci , 4: 4128-4133.
16
Karaman Ö, Cebe GE. 2004. Diyabet ve Türkiye’de antidiyabetik olarak kullanılan bitkiler. J Fac Pharm Ankara , 40: 47-61.
17
Kim SH, Jo SH, Kwon YI, Hwang JK. 2011. Effects of onion (Allium cepa L.) extract administration on intestinal α-glucosidases activities and spikes in postprandial blood glucose levels in SD rats model. Int J Mol Sci, 12: 3757-3769.
18
Kodikonda M, Naik PR. 2017. Ameliorative effect of borneol, a natural bycyclic monoterpene against hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Biomed Pharmacother, 96: 336-347.
19
Pandit R, Phadke A, Jagtap A. 2010. Antidiabetic effect of Ficus religiosa extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol, 128: 462-466.
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Quinn L. 2002. Mechanisms in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Cardiovasc Nurs, 16: 1-16.
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Roghani M, Baluchnejadmojarad T. 2010. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect and antioxidant activity of chronic epigallocatechin-gallate in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Pathophysiology, 17: 55-59.
22
Sharma K, Ko EY, Assefa AD, Ha S, Nile SH, Lee ET, et al. 2015. Temperature-dependent studies on the total phenolics, flavonoids, antioxidant activities, and sugar content in six onion varieties. J Food Drug Anal, 23: 243-252.
23
Sindhu RK, Koo JR, Roberts CK, Vaziri ND. 2004. Dysregulation of hepatic superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in diabetes: response to insulin and antioxidant therapies. Clin Exp Hypertens, 26: 43-53.
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Smith S, Lall AM. 2008. A Study on Lipid Profile Levels of Diabetics and NonDiabetics Among Naini Region of Allahabad, India. Turk J Biochem, 33: 138-141.
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Tangvarasittichai S. 2015. Oxidative stress, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes, 6: 456-480.
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Thomas S, Senthilkumar GP, Sivaraman K, Bobby Z, Paneerselvam S, Harichandrakumar KT. 2015. Effect of s-methyl-L-cysteine on oxidative stress, inflammation and insulin resistance in male Wistar rats fed with high fructose diet. Iran J Med Sci , 40: 45-50.
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Torres-Urrutia C, Guzman L, Schmeda-Hirschmann G, Moore-Carrasco R, Alarcon M, Astudillo L, et al. 2011. Antiplatelet, anticoagulant, and fibrinolytic activity in vitro of extracts from selected fruits and vegetables. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis, 22: 197-205.
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Wu L, Parhofer KG. 2014. Diabetic dyslipidemia. Metabolism, 63: 1469-1479.
30
Yamada K, Naemura A, Sawashita N, Noguchi Y, Yamamoto J. 2004. An onion variety has natural antithrombotic effect as assessed by thrombosis/thrombolysis models in rodents. Thromb Res, 114: 213-220.
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Yamamoto Y, Aoyama S, Hamaguchi N, Rhi GS. 2005. Antioxidative and antihypertensive effects of Welsh onion on rats fed with a high-fat high-sucrose diet. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem, 69: 1311-1317.
32
Yoshinari O, Shiojima Y, Igarashi K. 2012. Anti-obesity effects of onion extract in zucker diabetic fatty rats. Nutrients, 4: 1518-1526.
33
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34
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Role of natural products in mitigation of toxic effects of methamphetamine: A review of in vitro and in vivo studies
Objective: Methamphetamine (METH) increases dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin concentrations in the synaptic cleft, and induces hyperactivity. The current management of acute METH poisoning relies on supportive care and no specific antidote is available for treatment. The main objective of this review was to present the evidence for effectiveness of the herbal medicine in alleviating the adverse effects of METH abuse. Materials and Methods: Literature search was performed using the following electronic databases: MEDLINE, Scopus, PubMed and EMBASE. Results: Plant-derived natural products ginseng and sauchinone reduced METH-induced hyperactivity, conditioned place preference and neurological disorder. Garcinia kola decreased METH-induced hepatotoxicity, raised METH lethal dose, and restored the METH-impaired cognitive function. Repeated administration of baicalein resulted in attenuation of acute binge METH-induced amnesia via dopamine receptors. Activation of extracellular-regulated kinase in the hypothalamus by levo-tetrahydropalmatine facilitated the extinction of METH-induced conditioned place preference and reduced the hyperactivity. Other herbal medicine from various parts of the world were also discussed including hispidulin, silymarin, limonene, resveratrol, chlorogenic acid and barakol. Conclusion: Based on the current study, some natural products such as ginseng and levo-tetrahydropalmatine are promising candidates to treat METH abuse and poisoning. However, clinical trials are needed to confirm these finding.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_14447_811fd3cee6b138a4311825eb42f7a883.pdf
2020-07-01
334
351
10.22038/ajp.2020.14447
Addiction
Herb
Methamphetamine
Toxicity
Mohammad
Moshiri
moshirim@mums.ac.ir
1
Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Roohbakhsh
roohbakhsha@mums.ac.ir
2
Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehdi
Talebi
talebimm1@mums.ac.ir
3
Department of community and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Milad
Iranshahi
iranshahiml@mums.ac.ir
4
Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
Leila
Etemad
etemadl@mums.ac.ir
5
Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The effect of “mavizˮ on memory improvement in university students: A randomized open-label clinical trial
Objective: Numerous studies demonstrated the effect of grape on memory improvement. According to Iranian traditional medicine, “mavizˮ as a specific type of dried grapes can effectively improve memory. However, there is no reported clinical trial on the effect of “mavizˮ on memory improvement in humans. Hence, this study was conducted to investigate “mavizˮ effect on memory in university students. Materials and Methods: This randomized open-label clinical trial was conducted on a total number of 53 students of Shahed University, Tehran, Iran, from November 2017 to February 2018. The participants were randomly allocated into an intervention group (receiving “mavizˮ, 25 g in the morning for 4 weeks) or a control group (who did not take “mavizˮ). The Digit Span Task and the N-Back Task were used for the measurement of working memory at the pre- and post-intervention stages. Results: According to the results, no significant differences were found between the two groups regarding age, gender, marital status, and initial working memory test scores. “mavizˮ consumption produced a highly significant improvement in total working memory score in the Digit Span Task (5.18 vs. 2.35, p<0.001) and Acoustic Memory Span (1.29 vs. 0.62, p=0.021). Moreover, “mavizˮ consumption significantly increased the percentage of true responses in the N-Back Task and reduced the mean reaction time in the first level of the task. Conclusion: “mavizˮ consumption was improved working memory in young healthy adults.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_14443_b5ec339394320ca7015231db49ae5ff1.pdf
2020-07-01
352
364
10.22038/ajp.2020.14443
Memory
Grapes
Maviz.Vitis vinifera
Iranian Traditional Medicine
Reza
Mirheidary
r.mirheidary@shahed.ac.ir
1
Department of Iranian Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Seyyed Saeed
Esmaeili
dr.esmaeili@chmail.ir
2
Department of Iranian Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad reza
Shaeiri
shairigm@gmail.com
3
Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Gholami Fesharaki
gholami4510@gmail.com
4
Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran- Iran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) extract can improve the levels of some trace elements and total homocysteine and prevent oxidative damage induced by ethanol in rat eye
Objective: Acute and chronic ethanol consumption cause oxidative stress and ginger improves suchconditions. In this study, the protective effects of ginger were studied on indices of oxidative stress, total homocysteinelevel and the level of the some of the oxidative stress-associated trace elements against toxicity induced by ethanol in rat eye. Materials and Methods:Twenty-four adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into four groups and treated daily for 28 days as follows: group I: control;group II: ginger (1g/kg/day ginger extract by oral gavage); group III: ethanol (4g/kg/day ethanol by oral gavage) and group IV: ginger+ethanol. At the end of the experimental period, eye tissue sera were used for determination of different parameters. Furthermore, in vitro antioxidant potential and total phenol content of ginger extract were determined. Results: In ethanol group, significant changes in oxidative stress markers and levels of homocysteine and some trace elements, compared to other groups, were observed (p Conclusion: It can be concluded that ginger extract has protective effects against toxicity induced by ethanol in the eye of male rat.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_14330_69957eee48df32aa53911a911df66146.pdf
2020-07-01
365
371
10.22038/ajp.2019.14330
Eye
Ethanol
ginger
Oxidative stress
Homocysteine
Trace Element
Zingiber officinale Roscoe
Abolfazl
Akbari
akbariabolfazl@gmail.com
1
Department of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Khadijeh
Nasiri
khadijeh_nasiri@yahoo.com
2
Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
AUTHOR
Mojtaba
Heydari
mheydari@sums.ac.ir
3
Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Ethanolic extract of Iris songarica rhizome attenuates methotrexate-induced liver and kidney damages in rats
Objective: The long-term sequelae of methotrexate (MTX) remain the major cause of concern for both patients and therapists. Therefore, new approaches to decrease MTX side effects are needed. The study was carried out to evaluate the effects of Iris songarica Schrenk (IS) rhizome extract against MTX-induced hepatic and renal injuries in rats. Materials and Methods: Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=8) including control, MTX, IS50, IS150 and IS300. Control and MTX groups were only treated orally with saline; whereas, IS50, IS150 and IS300 groups were treated with IS extract at three different doses (50, 150, and 300 mg/kg, respectively). Besides, the MTX and experimental groups were received a single dose of MTX (20 mg/kg) intraperitoneally on day 4. On the ninth day, animals were sacrificed, blood transaminases, urea and creatinine were assessed and the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of super-oxide dismutase (SOD) were determined in both liver and kidney tissues. Moreover, hepatic and renal damages were evaluated histopathologically. Results: MTX by increasing oxidative stress (MDA) and decreasing antioxidant capacity (SOD) induced hepatic and renal damages as confirmed by biochemical and histological parameters analyses. However, treatment with IS caused significant improvements in hepatic and renal histological architectures and SOD activity (p<0.01) along with reducing liver enzymes, urea, creatinine and MDA (p<0.01). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that IS extract through antioxidant and probably anti-inflammatory activities, could effectively limit MTX-induced hepatic and renal injuries in rats.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_14084_7e72f663abd9bb3661fd7782ab92322c.pdf
2020-07-01
372
383
10.22038/ajp.2019.14084
Methotrexate
Hepatotoxicity
Renal injury
Lipid Peroxidation
Iris plants
Hesam
Moodi
hesammoodi@yahoo.com
1
Department of Anatomical Sciences, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehran
Hosseini
mehranhosseiny@yahoo.co.in
2
Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Reza
Abedini
mohrabe@yahoo.com
3
Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahsa
Hassanzadeh-Taheri
mah_hassanzadeh@yahoo.com
4
Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammadmehdi
Hassanzadeh-Taheri
mmhtahery35@gmail.com
5
Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abdel-Daim MM, Khalifa HA, Abushouk AI, Dkhil MA, Al-Quraishy SA. 2017. Diosmin attenuates methotrexate-induced hepatic, renal, and cardiac injury: a biochemical and histopathological study in mice. Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2017:3281670.
1
Ahani A, Hassanzadeh-Taheri M, Hosseini M, Hassanpour-Fard M. 2017. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of Iris songarica schrenk rhizome ethanolic extract in mice. J Arak Uni Med Sci, 20:9-19.
2
Akther N, Andrabi K, Nissar A, Ganaie S, Chandan BK, Gupta AP, Khuswant M, Sultana S, Shawl AS. 2014. Hepatoprotective activity of LC–ESI-MS standardized Iris spuria rhizome extract on its main bioactive constituents. Phytomedicine, 21:1202-1207.
3
Asci H, Ozmen O, Ellidag HY, Aydin B, Bas E, Yilmaz N. 2017. The impact of gallic acid on the methotrexate-induced kidney damage in rats. J Food Drug Anal, 25:890-897.
4
Ataie Z, Mehrani H, Ghasemi A, Farrokhfall K. 2019. Cinnamaldehyde has beneficial effects against oxidative stress and nitric oxide metabolites in the brain of aged rats fed with long-term, high-fat diet. J Funct Foods, 52:545-551.
5
Ayatollahi SA, Moein MR, Kobarfard F, Choudhary MI. 2004. Two isoflavones from Iris songarica Schrenk. Daru,12:54-57.
6
Becciolini A, Biggioggero M, Favalli EG. 2016. The role of methotrexate as combination therapy with etanercept in rheumatoid arthritis: Retrospective analysis of a local registry. J Int Med Res, 44:113-118.
7
Bu T, Wang C, Meng Q, Huo X, Sun H, Sun P, Zheng S, Ma X, Liu Z, Liu K. 2018. Hepatoprotective effect of rhein against methotrexate-induced liver toxicity. Eur J Pharmacol, 834:266-273.
8
Bertino JR. 2000. Methotrexate: historical aspects. In: Cronstein BN, Bertino JR (Eds), Methotrexate, pp. 1-7, Basel, Birkhäuser.
9
De S, Kundu S, Chatterjee U, Chattopadhyay S, Chatterjee M. 2018. Allylpyrocatechol attenuates methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity in a collagen-induced model of arthritis. Free Radic Res, 52:698-711.
10
El-Twab SMA, Hussein OE, Hozayen WG, Bin-Jumah M, Mahmoud AM. 2019. Chicoric acid prevents methotrexate-induced kidney injury by suppressing NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome activation and up-regulating Nrf2/ARE/HO-1 signaling. Inflamm Res, 68:511-523.
11
Hassanzadeh-Taheri M, Hassanpour-Fard M, Doostabadi M, Moodi H, Vazifeshenas-Darmiyan K, Hosseini M. 2018a. Co-administration effects of aqueous extract of turnip leaf and metformin in diabetic rats. J Tradit Complement Med, 8:178-183.
12
Hassanzadeh-Taheri M, Hosseini M, Hassanpour-Fard M, Ghiravani Z, Vazifeshenas-Darmiyan K, Yousefi S, Ezi S. 2016. Effect of turnip leaf and root extracts on renal function in diabetic rats. Orient Pharm Exp Med, 16:279-286.
13
Hassanzadeh-Taheri M, Hosseini M, Salimi M, Moodi H, Dorranipour D. 2018b. Acute and sub-acute oral toxicity evaluation of Astragalus hamosus seedpod ethanolic extract in Wistar rats. Pharmaceutical Sciences, 24:23-30.
14
Heidari R, Ahmadi A, Mohammadi H, Ommati MM, Azarpira N, Niknahad H. 2018. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are involved in the mechanism of methotrexate-induced renal injury and electrolytes imbalance. Biomed Pharmacother, 107:834-840.
15
Kalantari H, Asadmasjedi N, Reza Abyaz M, Mahdavinia M, Mohammadtaghvaei N. 2019. Protective effect of inulin on methotrexate-induced liver toxicity in mice. Biomed Pharmacother, 110:943-950.
16
Khafaga AF, El-Sayed YS. 2018. Spirulina ameliorates methotrexate hepatotoxicity via antioxidant, immune stimulation, and proinflammatory cytokines and apoptotic proteins modulation. Life Sci, 196:9-17.
17
King C, Killens WR. 2012. A guide to species irises: their identification and cultivation.pp.200, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
18
Kurutas EB. 2016. The importance of antioxidants which play the role in cellular response against oxidative/nitrosative stress: current state. Nutr J, 15:71.
19
Maestá I, Nitecki R, Horowitz NS, Goldstein DP, de Freitas Segalla Moreira M, Elias KM, Berkowitz RS. 2018. Effectiveness and toxicity of first-line methotrexate chemotherapy in low-risk postmolar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia: The New England Trophoblastic Disease Center experience. Gynecol Oncol, 148:161-167.
20
Mehrzadi S, Fatemi I, Esmaeilizadeh M, Ghaznavi H, Kalantar H, Goudarzi M. 2018. Hepatoprotective effect of berberine against methotrexate induced liver toxicity in rats. Biomed Pharmacother, 97:233-239.
21
Moein MR, Khan SI, Ali Z, Ayatollahi SA, Kobarfard F, Nasim S, Choudhary MI, Khan IA. 2008. Flavonoids from Iris songarica and their antioxidant and estrogenic activity. Planta med, 74:1492-1495.
22
Moghadam AR, Tutunchi S, Namvaran-Abbas-Abad A, Yazdi M, Bonyadi F, Mohajeri D, Mazani M, Marzban H, Łos MJ, Ghavami S. 2015. Pre-administration of turmeric prevents methotrexate-induced liver toxicity and oxidative stress. BMC Complement Altern Med, 15:246.
23
Nurgali K, Jagoe RT, Abalo R. 2018. Adverse effects of cancer chemotherapy: Anything new to improve tolerance and reduce sequelae? Front Pharmacol,9:245.
24
Ozogula B, Kisaoglua A, Turanb MI, Altunerc D, Senerd E, Cetine N, Ozturke C. 2013. The effect of mirtazapine on methotrexate-induced toxicity in rat liver. Sci Asia 39:356-336.
25
Pour MG, Mirazi N, Seif A. 2019. Treatment of liver and spleen illnesses by herbs: Recommendations of Avicenna’s heritage" Canon of Medicine". Avicenna J Phytomed, 9:101.
26
Shah VV, Lin EJ, Reddy SP, Wu JJ. 2016. Chapter 4 - Methotrexate. In: Wu JJ, Feldman SR, Lebwohl MG (Eds), Therapy for Severe Psoriasis, pp. 37-48, Elsevier.
27
Taylor P, Balsa Criado A, Mongey A-B, Avouac J, Marotte H, Mueller RB. 2019. How to get the most from methotrexate (MTX) treatment for your rheumatoid arthritis patient? MTX in the treat-to-target strategy. J Clin Med, 8:515.
28
Weinblatt ME. 2018. Methotrexate: who would have predicted its importance in rheumatoid arthritis? Arthritis Res Ther, 20:103-103.
29
Xu Q, Higgins T, Cembrowski GS. 2015. Limiting the testing of AST: a diagnosticallynonspecific enzyme. Am J Clin Pathol, 144:423-426.
30
Zhang J, Chen R, Yu Z, Xue L. 2016. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity assay protocols for caenorhabditis elegans. Bio protocol, 7: e2505.
31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Crocetin and crocin decreased cholesterol and triglyceride content of both breast cancer tumors and cell lines
Objective: Inhibition of lipid metabolism in breast cancer has been suggested as an effective approach for cancer therapy. Saffron-derived crocetin (Crt) and crocin (Cro) with the known anticancer activity, have shown hypolipidemic effect in diabetes and atherosclerosis. Here, we investigated the effect of Crt/Cro on lipid content in breast cancer. Materials and Methods: A multi-model approach involving in vivo, in vitro and in silico studies was applied. The 4T1-induced breast cancer in mice was used to investigate the effect of Crt/Cro on cholesterol (Chl) and triglyceride (TG) levels in serum and tumor tissues. The Chl/TG levels were also assessed in the cytosol of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines 6, 12 and 24 hr after Crt/Cro treatment. The interaction between Crt/Cro and hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) was also computed by docking analysis. Results: Crt reduced both serum (p=0.003) and tumor (p=0.011) Chl and TG (p=0.001) levels in mice. Cro reduced TG levels in tumor (p=0.014) and serum (p=0.002) and Chl level in tumor (p=0.013) tissues. Crt reduced both Chl and TG in MDA-MB-231 (p=0.014 and p=0.002, respectively) and MCF-7 (p=0.014 and p=0.002, respectively), after 24 h. Cro reduced both Chl and TG in MDA-MB-231 (p=0.014 and p=0.002, respectively) and MCF-7 (p=0.014 and p=0.002, respectively), after 24 h. Crt binds to the active site of HMGCR with higher affinity (ΔG0=-6.6 kcal/mol) than simvastatin (ΔG0 =-6.0 kcal/mol). Conclusion: Crt and Cro effectively decreased Chl/TG content in the sera of tumor bearing mice, in breast tumors and breast cancer cell lines. Crt showed a higher hypolipidemic potential than Cro. In silico analysis indicated Crt binding in the HMGCR active site.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_14372_fd193572464a065ed116f25b4127435b.pdf
2020-07-01
384
397
10.22038/ajp.2019.14372
Lipid Content
4T1-induced Breast Tumor
MDA-MB-231
MCF-7
HMGCR
Docking
Seyed Ali
Hashemi
sahashemi986@gmail.com
1
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Seyedeh zahra
Bathaie
bathai_z@modares.ac.ir
2
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad Ali
Mohagheghi
mamohagheghi@yahoo.com
3
Cancer Research Center of Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Grape seed extract alleviates radiation-induced damages in human blood lymphocytes
Objective: Ionizing radiation induces deleterious effects in the biological systems by producing free radicals. Grape Seed Extract (GSE) as a free radical scavenger could protect the body against the damages. Materials and Methods: In this study, 12 healthy male volunteers were divided into Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 and received 100, 300, 600 and 1000 mg GSE, respectively. Peripheral blood samples were collected from each volunteer 15 min before, and 1, 2, and 5 hr after GSE oral administration. Blood samples were then irradiated with 150 cGy of 100 kvp X-ray (Irradiated control group, was treated with only 1.5 Gy of X-rays). Cytogenic damages were detected by micronucleus assay. Results: Results showed that irradiation significantly increased the incidence of micronuclei (p Conclusion: Consumption of GSE before undergoing radiation protects human lymphocytes against X-rays by reducing radiation-induced genotoxicity.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_14575_ed316c580e17fb1bb6365dde0d121d34.pdf
2020-07-01
398
406
10.22038/ajp.2020.14575
grape seed extract
Ionizing radiation
Micronucleus
Lymphocyte and Radioprotective Agents
Reza
Ghasemnezhad Targhi
ghasemnezhadr2@mums.ac.ir
1
Department of Radiology, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Valiallah
Saba
valiallahsaba@yahoo.com
2
Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Role of the potassium channels in vasorelaxant effect of asafoetida essential oil
Objective: In a previous work, we showed that asafoetida essential oil (AEO), from oleo-gum resin of Ferula asafoetida L. from the Apiaceae family, has a vasodilatory effect. This effect was both endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent. The present study was designed to determine whether potassium channels and intracellular calcium release contribute to AEO-induced vasodilation. Materials and Methods: Rats' thoracic aorta were isolated and denuded. Following induction of contraction by potassium chloride (60 mM), concentration-response curve was plotted by the cumulative addition of AEO (0.625-80 µl/l to the medium of rings. The vasodilatory effect of AEO was assessed before and after addition of phenylephrine and potassium channel blockers (including barium chloride (BC), 4-aminopyridine (4A) and glibenclamide (Gl)). Results: AEO relaxed the precontracted rings in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50=23 µl/l). All potassium channel blockers significantly attenuated the vasodilatory activity of AEO when they were added to rings medium before addition of KCl (p<0.01, 4A and Gl groups and p< 0.001, BC group vs. control group) but not after that. In contrast to K channel blockers, adding AEO before or after phenylephrine, the tension was reduced significantly (p Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that the vasodilatory effect of AEO on denuded-endothelium aortic ring was mediated through activation of potassium channels and reduced intracellular calcium release.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_14791_c0a5e6e3ccb3ffe0c526e36e08242cea.pdf
2020-07-01
407
416
10.22038/ajp.2020.41755.2401
asafoetida essential oil
Potassium channels
aorta
Rats
Hassan
Esmaeili
he_md1972@yahoo.com
1
Department of heart, School of Medicine, Gorgan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
AUTHOR
Mansour
Esmailidehaj
ned1382@gmail.com
2
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Somayeh
Entezari Zarch
entezari6670@gmail.com
3
Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
AUTHOR
Hossein
Azizian
h.azizian92@gmail.com
4
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Anti-diarrhoeal activity of a polyherbal formulation in rats and elucidation of its cellular mechanisms
Objective: The present study was aimed to study anti-diarrhoeal activity of a polyherbal formulation (PHF) in rats and elucidate its mechanism of action. Materials and Methods: Anti-diarrhoeal activity of PHF was investigated using castor oil-induced diarrhoea, small intestinal transit and enteropooling models in rats. PHF was tested at 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg rat body weight. Loperamide was used as a reference control for in vivo studies. Anti-secretory action was evaluated against heat labile enterotoxin (from Escherichia coli)induced secretion in rat ileal loop model. The effect of PHF (12.5-100 µg/ml) on cAMP-dependent secretory activity was investigated against forskolin-induced cAMP release in HT-29 cells. Results: PHF demonstrated significant (p≤0.05) anti-diarrhoeal activity by increasing the time for first faecal drop and inhibited diarrhoeal episodes by 43, 58 and 60% at 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg body weight, respectively in a dose-dependent manner. Also, the intestinal transit was inhibited upto 33% and the weight of secretory contents induced by castor oil was significantly reduced by PHF, approximately 29% in enteropooling assay. On the other hand, the intestinal loop instilled with PHF and enterotoxin from E. coli demonstrated 61% inhibition of fluid accumulation as compared to loop instilled with enterotoxin only. In vitro studies indicated that PHF inhibits cAMP release in HT-29 cells corroborating the anti-secretory effects observed in aforesaid studies. Conclusion: The results suggest that the PHF possesses anti-diarrhoeal activity, evident through reduced faecal output, decreased intestinal transit and anti-secretory activities.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_14339_29f5fdb3da81e74312f3e85cb8743bcd.pdf
2020-07-01
417
427
10.22038/ajp.2019.14339
Anti-diarrhoea
Anti-secretory
Castor oil
cAMP
Diarrhoeal drop
Enterotoxin
Sasikumar
Murugan
sasikumar.m@naturalremedy.com
1
Research and Development centre, Natural Remedies Pvt Ltd, Plot No. 5B, Veerasandra Indl. Area, 19th K.M. Stone, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560100, Karnataka, India
AUTHOR
Divya
Purusothaman
divya.p@naturalremedy.com
2
Research and Development centre, Natural Remedies Pvt Ltd, Plot No. 5B, Veerasandra Indl. Area, 19th K.M. Stone, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560100, Karnataka, India
AUTHOR
Edwin Jothie
Richard
edwin@naturalremedy.com
3
Research and Development centre, Natural Remedies Pvt Ltd, Plot No. 5B, Veerasandra Indl. Area, 19th K.M. Stone, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560100, Karnataka, India
AUTHOR
Nehru Sai Suresh
Chalichem
nehru.sai@naturalremedy.com
4
Research and Development centre, Natural Remedies Pvt Ltd, Plot No. 5B, Veerasandra Indl. Area, 19th K.M. Stone, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560100, Karnataka, India
AUTHOR
Bharathi
Bethapudi
bharathi.b@naturalremedy.com
5
Research and Development centre, Natural Remedies Pvt Ltd, Plot No. 5B, Veerasandra Indl. Area, 19th K.M. Stone, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560100, Karnataka, India
LEAD_AUTHOR
Prasanna Raja
Chandrasekaran
prasanna.raja@naturalremedy.com
6
Research and Development centre, Natural Remedies Pvt Ltd, Plot No. 5B, Veerasandra Indl. Area, 19th K.M. Stone, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560100, Karnataka, India
AUTHOR
Chandrasekaran
Chinampudur Velusami
cvc@naturalremedy.com
7
Research and Development centre, Natural Remedies Pvt Ltd, Plot No. 5B, Veerasandra Indl. Area, 19th K.M. Stone, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560100, Karnataka, India
AUTHOR
Prashanth
D’Souza
prashanth@naturalremedy.com
8
Research and Development centre, Natural Remedies Pvt Ltd, Plot No. 5B, Veerasandra Indl. Area, 19th K.M. Stone, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560100, Karnataka, India
AUTHOR
Deepak
Mundkinajeddu
deepak@naturalremedy.com
9
Research and Development centre, Natural Remedies Pvt Ltd, Plot No. 5B, Veerasandra Indl. Area, 19th K.M. Stone, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560100, Karnataka, India
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of aqueous extracts of leaves, barks and roots of Bixa orellana L. (Bixaceae) on acetaminophen-induced liver damage in mice
Objective: Bixa orellana is a plant from the Bixaceae family, for which, limited information is available on hepatoprotective properties. This study aimed at evaluating the protective effects of this plant on sub-acute acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury in mice. Materials and Methods: Various aqueous extracts were prepared from roots, leaves, and barks. Albino mice were divided into six groups: a control group, an APAP group; a silymarin group (positive control) and three test groups. Mice were treated orally with APAP (250 mg/kg) followed 3 hr later by plant extracts, silymarin (50 mg/kg) or distilled water (10 ml/kg) administration once daily, for seven days. After treatment, animals were sacrificed, the liver was collected and different biochemical parameters were measured. Histological analyses were performed using hematoxylin/eosin staining and the qualitative phytochemical content of plant extracts was evaluated using conventional methods. Results: Administration of B. orellana barks decoction (250 mg/kg) significantly reduced alanine aminotransferase levels (p<0.001), unlike leaves and roots extracts. Moreover, the bark infusion had the highest activity compared to macerate and decoction. It significantly reduced malondialdehyde levels (p<0.001) and increased the levels of glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase, at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg compared to the APAP group. A significant (p<0.001) decrease of tumor necrosis factor-α levels and leukocyte infiltration was found following treatment with bark infusion. The infusion content evaluation revealed the presence of polyphenols, saponins, tannins, sterols, anthraquinones, and coumarins and the absence of alkaloids. Conclusion: These results show that infusion from B. orellana barks is hepatoprotective against APAP-induced toxicity via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_14380_f177f6745da6d5e9eff4269a339c950a.pdf
2020-07-01
428
439
10.22038/ajp.2019.14380
Bixaceae
Anti-inflammatory agents
Antioxidant
Mice
Liver
David
Djibersou
djibersoudavid@gmail.com
1
Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundere, PO Box 454 Ngaoundere, Adamawa, Cameroon
AUTHOR
Borris Rosnay
Galani Tietcheu
b.tietcheu@gmail.com
2
Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundere, PO Box 454 Ngaoundere, Adamawa, Cameroon
LEAD_AUTHOR
Pascal Dieudonne
Chuisseu
pchuisse@gmail.com
3
Basic Science Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Université des Montagnes, PO Box 208 Bangangté, West, Cameroon
AUTHOR
Nicolas
Njintang
njintang@yahoo.fr
4
Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundere, PO Box 454 Ngaoundere, Adamawa, Cameroon
AUTHOR