ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The mechanism of neuroprotective effect of Viola odorata against serum/glucose deprivation-induced PC12 cell death
Objective: Oxidative stress is associated with the pathogenesis of brain ischemia and other neurodegenerative disorders. Previous researches have shown the antioxidant activity of Viola odorata L. In this project, we studied neuro-protective and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities of methanol (MeOH) extract and other fractions isolated from V. odorata in PC12 cell line in serum/glucose deprivation (SGD) condition. Materials and Methods: The PC12 neuronal cells were pretreated for 6 hr with MeOH extract and fractions of V. odorata (1 to 25 μg/ml) followed by 24 hr incubation under SGD condition. Cell viability was measured by Alamar Blue® assay. The level of ROS was calculated using DCFH-DA. Also, Bax/Bcl-2 protein ratio was analyzed by western blot assay. Results: SGD condition significantly decreased cells viability (p<0.001). Pretreatment with EtOAc (12.5 and 25 µg/ml), BuOH (12, 25, 50 µg/ml) and CH2Cl2 (1.5 µg/ml) fractions of V. odorata reduced SGD-induced cytotoxicity. MeOH extract could not increase the viability significantly. All four semi polar fractions (EtOAc, BuOH, CH2Cl2 and MeOH) decreased SGD-induced ROS production and changed Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Conclusion: V. odorata showed promising effects against SGD condition; further mechanistic and clinical studies are warranted before application of V. odorata as a neuro-protective agent.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_13098_346b239ac3095c7c0c1a1b1ff586095f.pdf
2019-11-01
491
498
10.22038/ajp.2019.13098
Viola odorata
Violaceae
PC12 cells
ROS
SGD
Zahra
Tayarani Najjaran
tayaraninz@mums.ac.ir
1
Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
Rezvan
Yazdian
yazdianr921@mums.ac.ir
2
Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
AUTHOR
Elaheh
Amini
aminie@gmail.com
3
Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Farzaneh
Salek_Abdollahi
salek_abdollahi@gmail.com
4
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
Fatemeh
Arasteh
arastehf@mums.ac.ir
5
Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Ahmad
Emami
emamia@mums.ac.ir
6
Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Alinejad B, Ghorbani A, Sadeghnia HR. 2013. Effects of combinations of curcumin, linalool, rutin, safranal, and thymoquinone on glucose/serum deprivation-induced cell death. Avicenna J Phytomed, 3: 321-328.
1
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28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Beneficial effects of pumpkin seed oil as a topical hair growth promoting agent in a mice model
Objective: Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) seed oil mainly consists of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Previously, it was reported that oral administration of pumpkin seed oil (PSO) improved hair growth in male pattern alopecia. This study aimed to evaluate hair promoting activity of topical PSO in an animal model. Materials and Methods: Male Swiss mice (25-30 g) were used. Dorsal hair of mice (2 x 2.5 cm) was gently removed. Groups were treated as follows: (A) Intact control (did not receive testosterone) (B) Testosterone solution only (5% w/v); (C) Testosterone (5%) + PSO (5%); (D) Testosterone (5%) + PSO (10%) (E) Testosterone (5%) + minoxidil (2%). Application of drugs (100 µl) was done for six days a week, for 3 weeks. Observational and microscopic examinations were performed and results of different groups were compared. Results: Topical application of testosterone significantly (p<0.01) prevented hair growth (compared with intact control). PSO (10%) increased hair growth score after 3 weeks and histopathological findings confirmed these results. After 3 weeks of treatment, the percentage of follicles in anagen phase was 95±4.6 and 44.4±15 for intact control and testosterone-onlytreated group, respectively. These percentages for PSO (10%) and minoxidil were 75±5.3 and 91.3±4.4, respectively and they could significantly (p<0.001) reverse the effects of testosterone. Conclusion: In conclusion, as topical application of PSO showed hair growth promotion, it might be regarded as a promising alternative for treatment of male pattern alopecia. Also, considering its composition, free fatty acids and minor components like phytoestrogens and vitamin E may have contributed to this effect.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_13463_1299d209b85bc3523e47e1ac4a62c2da.pdf
2019-11-01
499
504
10.22038/ajp.2019.13463
Androgenic alopecia
Cucurbita pepo
pumpkin seed oil
Valiollah
Hajhashemi
vhajhashemi@gmail.com
1
Department of Pharmacology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan university of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Parvin
Rajabi
2
Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
AUTHOR
Mahdieh
Mardani
3
Department of Pharmacology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan university of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
AUTHOR
Adams GG, Imran S, Wang S, Mohammad A, Kok S, Gray DA, Channell GA, Harding SE. 2011. The hypoglycaemic effect of pumpkins as anti-diabetic and functional medicines. Food Res Int, 44:862–867.
1
Boaduo NK, Katerere D, Eloff JN, Naidoo V. 2014. Evaluation of six plant species used traditionally in the treatment and control of diabetes mellitus in South Africa using in vitro methods. Pharm Biol, 52:756–761.
2
Cabeza M, Bratoeff E, Heuze I, Rojas A, Teran N, Ochoa M, Ramirez-Apan T, Ramirez E, Perez V, Gracia I. 2003. Effect of beta-sitosterol as inhibitor of 5 alpha-reductase in hamster prostate. Proc West Pharmacol Soc, 46:153-155.
3
Camacho-Martinez FM. 2009. Hair loss in women. Semin Cutan Med Surg, 28:19–32
4
Chen L, Huang G. 2018. Extraction, characterization and antioxidant activities of pumpkin polysaccharide. Int J Biol Macromol, 118: 770-774.
5
Cho YH, Lee SY, Jeong DW, Choi EJ, Kim YJ, Lee JG, Yi YH, Cha HS. 2014. Effect of pumpkin seed oil on hair growth in men with androgenetic alopecia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Evid Based Compelement Alternat Med, 2014.
6
Choi JS, Jeon MH, Moon WS, Moon JN, Cheon EJ, Kim JW, Jung SK, Ji YH, Son SW, Kim MR. 2014. In vivo hair growth-promoting effect of rice bran extract prepared by supercritical carbon dioxide fluid. Biol Pharm Bull, 37:44-53.
7
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8
Gossell-Williams M, Davis A, O’Connor N. 2006. Inhibition of testosterone-induced hyperplasia of the prostate of sprague-dawley rats by pumpkin seed oil. J Med Food,9:284–286.
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10
Hong H, Kim C, Maeng S. 2009. Effects of pumpkin seed oil and saw palmetto oil in korean men with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. Nutr Res Pract, 3:323–327.
11
Kwon TR, Oh CT, Park HM, Han HJ, Ji HJ, Kim BJ. 2015. Potential synergistic effects of human placental extract and minoxidil on hair growth-promoting activity in C57BL/6J mice. Clin Exp Dermatol, 40:672-681.
12
Lourith N, Kanlayavattanakul M. 2013. Hair loss and herbs for treatment. J Cosmet Dermatol, 12: 210-222.
13
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Murkovic M, Pfannhauser W. 2000. Stability of pumpkin seed oil.Eur J Lipid Sci Techno,102:607–611.
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16
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17
Shayesteh R, Kamalinejad M, Adiban H, Kardan A, Keyhanfar F, Eskandari MR. 2017. Cytoprotective effects of pumpkin (Cucurbita Moschata) fruit extract against oxidative stress and carbonyl stress. Drug Res (Stuttg), 67:576-582.
18
Shimizu K, Kondo R, Sakai K, Shoyama Y, Sato H, Ueno T. 2000. Steroid 5α-reductase inhibitory activity and hair regrowth effects of an extract from Boehmeria nipononivea. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem, 64:875-877
19
Shin HS, Won CH, Lee SH, Kwon OS, Kim KH, Eun HC. 2007. Efficacy of 5% minoxidil versus combined 5% minoxidil and 0.01% tretinoin for male pattern hair loss: a randomized, double-blind, comparative clinical trial. Am J Clin Dermatol, 8: 285–290.
20
Stenn KS, Paus R, Dutton T, Sarba B. 1993. Glucocorticoid effect on hair growth initiation: a reconsideration. Skin Pharmacol, 6:125–134.
21
Truong VL, Bak MJ, Lee C, Jun M, Jeong WS. 2017. Hair regenerative mechanisms of red ginseng oil and its major components in the testosterone-induced delay of anagen entry in C57BL/6 mice. Molecules, 8; 22.
22
Wells PA, Willmoth T, Russell RJ. 1995. Does fortune favour the bald? Psychological correlates of hair loss in males. Br J Psychol, 86:337-344.
23
Yadav M, Jain S, Tomar R, Prasad GB, Yadav H. 2010. Medicinal and biological potential of pumpkin: an updated review. Nutr Res Rev, 23:184-190.
24
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25
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of the effectiveness of crocin isolated from saffron in treatment of burning mouth syndrome: A randomized controlled trial
Objective: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a debilitating disorder with few limited treatment modalities. Because of the proven association between BMS symptoms, and depression and anxiety, treatment modalities that alleviate the two latter etiologic factors can be clinically effective. Thus, owing to the antidepressant and potential analgesic effects of crocin (as an active constituent of saffron), the present study was performed to compare the effect of crocin and citalopram (as control) on BMS symptoms and depression/anxiety in patients with BMS. Materials and Methods: The present double-blind randomized clinical trial was carried out on BMS patients. Patients were randomly divided into citalopram (n=21) and crocin (n=26) groups and treated for 11 weeks. BMS symptoms (based on Visual Analysis Scale (VAS)), as well as anxiety and depression (based on Hamilton questionnaire) were evaluated at baseline and during the treatment period. Mann-Whitney, Chi-Square test, Independent t-test, Friedman, and Spearman correlation were employed for statistical analysis. Results: Our findings showed a significant effect for crocin on the severity of BMS symptoms, anxiety and depression in BMS patients. Conclusion: Crocin can be considered for treatment of BMS subjects with concurrent anxiety and/or depression.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_12764_0c11d3060e0157fc98231bf6f9d40217.pdf
2019-11-01
505
516
10.22038/ajp.2019.12764
Crocin
Burning mouth syndrome (BMS)
Depression
Anxiety
citalopram
Atessa
Pakfetrat
pakfetrat@mums.ac.ir
1
Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahdi
Talebi
talebi@mums.ac.ir
2
Family Medicine Department, Faculty of Psychiatry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
Zohreh
Dalirsani
dalirsani@mums.ac.ir
3
Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Sayed Ahmad
Mohajery
mohajeria@mums.ac.ir
4
Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
Roya
Zamani
zmnir67@gmail.com
5
Oral & Maxillofacial specialist, Department of Oral Health, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ala
Ghazi
alaghazi10@gmail.com
6
Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abdullaev FI. 2002. Cancer chemopreventive and tumoricidal properties of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Exp Biol Med (Maywood),227: 20-25.
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Akhondzadeh S, Fallah-Pour H, Afkham K, Jamshidi A, Khalighi-Cigaroudi F. 2004. Comparison of Crocus sativus L. and imipramine in the treatment of mild to moderate depression: a pilot double-blind randomized trial [ISRCTN45683816]. BMC Complement Altern Med,4:12.
2
Akhondzadeh S, Sabet MS, Harirchian MH, Togha M, Cheraghmakani H, Razeghi S, Hejazi S, Yousefi MH, Alimardani R, Jamshidi A, Zare F, Moradi A. 2010. Saffron in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: a 16-week, randomized and placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Pharm Ther,35: 581-588.
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26
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35
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36
Kashani L, Esalatmanesh S, Eftekhari F, Salimi S, Foroughifar T, Etesam F, Safiaghdam H, Moazen-Zadeh E, Akhondzadeh S. 2018. Efficacy of Crocus sativus (saffron) in treatment of major depressive disorder associated with post-menopausal hot flashes: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Arch Gynecol Obstet,297: 717-724.
37
Kashani L, Eslatmanesh S, Saedi N, Niroomand N, Ebrahimi M, Hosseinian M, Foroughifar T, Salimi S, Akhondzadeh S. 2017. Comparison of saffron versus fluoxetine in treatment of mild to moderate postpartum depression: a double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Pharmacopsychiatry,50: 64-68.
38
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Khalatbari-Mohseni A, Banafshe HR, Mirhosseini N, Asemi Z, Ghaderi A, Omidi A. 2019. The effects of crocin on psychological parameters in patients under methadone maintenance treatment: a randomized clinical trial. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy,14: 9.
40
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41
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76
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77
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of an herbal capsule on chronic constipation among menopausal women: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Objective: Chronic constipation is frequently observed in postmenopausal women. An herbal combination including clover plants, Roman anis or Anisone, green anis or fennel, green raisins, Alhagi maurorum, violets, Terminalia chebula, senna and golqand has been introduced in traditional books as an effective laxative. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the combined herbal capsule on chronic constipation in postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: This triple blinded, randomized placebo-controlled trial was conducted on 64 postmenopausal women. Individuals were randomly assigned to combined the herbal capsule and placebo groups. The herbal capsule included cloves (4 units), Anise and Anison (6 units each), violet flowers (12 units), Terminalia Chebula and fresh green raisins (25 units each), senna leaves, Alhagi maurorum, and Golqand (50 units each). Constipation questionnaire and the individual’s assessment of constipation symptoms scale were used for data collection. Results: The mean frequency of bowel movements in the herbal capsule group was significantly higher than the placebo group (mean difference=4.2; 95% confidence interval: 0.3 to 4.5; p<0.001). Straining during defecation, stool amount, incomplete defecation, sensation of obstruction during defecation, and need for manipulation to facilitate removal of stools were significantly reduced in the herbal capsule group compared to the placebo group (p<0.001). The amount and consistency of defecation was also improved in the two study groups, but a significant difference was observed between the groups (p<0.001). The mean score of constipation symptoms in the herbal capsule group was significantly reduced compared to the placebo group (-15.4; -11.5 to -19.29; p<0.001). Conclusion: Consumption of herbal capsules improved chronic constipation in postmenopausal women.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_13109_b6ae9f6b4b42ca9a3819679efd7a01dc.pdf
2019-11-01
517
529
10.22038/ajp.2019.13109
Herbal capsule
Chronic constipation
Menopause
Paria
Eliasvandi
eliasvandi.p@gmail.com
1
Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Laleh
Khodaie
khodaiel@gmail.com
2
Department of Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Sakineh
Mohammad Alizadeh Charandabi
alizades@tbzmed.ac.ir
3
Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Mojgan
Mirghafourvand
mirghafourvand@gmail.com
4
Department of Midwifery, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Arezoomandan R, Kazerani HR, Behnam Rasooli M. 2011. The laxative and prokinetic effects of rosa damascena mill in rats. Iran J Basic Med Sci, 14: 9-16.
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Belsey J, Greenfield S, Candy D, Geraint M. 2010. Systematic review: impact of constipation on quality of life in adults and children. Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 31: 938-949.
4
Bub S, Brinckmann J, Cicconetti G, Valentine B. 2006. Efficacy of an herbal dietary supplement (smooth move) in the management of constipation in nursing home residents: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 7: 556-561.
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Dukas L, Willett WC, Giovannucci EL. 2003. Association between physical activity, fiber intake, and other lifestyle variables and constipation in a study of women. Am J Gastroenterol, 98: 1790-1796.
7
Eliasvandi P, Khodaie L, Mohammad Alizadeh Charandabi S, Mirghafourvand M. 2018. Efficacy of combined herbal capsule on sexual function in postmenopausal women: a triple-blind randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Women's Health and Reproduction Sciences. 7. In press.
8
Emami A, Fasihi S, Mehrgan I. 2013. Reference books of medicinal plants. Tehran: Andishehavar.
9
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Ghrairi F, Lahouar L, Amira EA, Brahmi F, Ferchichi A, Achour L, Said S. 2013. Physicochemical Composition of different varieties of raisins (Vitis vinifera L.) from Tunisia. Ind Crops Prod, 43: 73-77.
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Johanson JF, Sonnenberg A, Koch TR. 1989. Clinical epidemiology of chronic constipation. J Clin Gastroenterol, 11: 525-536.
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Kazerani H, Noorbakhsh MF. 2009. The laxative and purgative effects of taranjabin. 19th Iran Cong Physiol Pharmacol.
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Ladas SD, Haritos DN, Raptis SA. 1995. Honey may have a laxative effect on normal subjects because of incomplete fructose absorption. Am J Clin Nutr, 62: 1212-1215.
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Leung L, Riutta T, Kotecha J, Rosser W. 2011. Chronic constipation: an evidence-based review. J Am Board Fam Med, 24: 436-451.
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Longstreth GF, Thompson WG, Chey WD, Houghton LA, Mearin F, Spiller RC. 2006. Functional bowel disorders. Gastroenterology, 130: 1480-1491.
20
Mirghafourvand M, Rad AH, Charandabi SMA, Fardiazar Z, Shokri K. 2016. The effect of probiotic yogurt on constipation in pregnant women: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Iran Red Crescent Med J, 18: e39870.
21
Mozaffarian V. 2012. Identification of medicinal and aromatic plants of Iran. Tehran: Farhange Moaser.
22
Mugie SM, Benninga MA, Di Lorenzo C. 2011. Epidemiology of constipation in children and adults: a systematic review. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol, 25: 3-18.
23
Muhammad N, ur Rehman N, Khan H, Saeed M, Gilani AH. 2013. Prokinetic and laxative effects of the crude methanolic extract of viola betonicifolia whole plant in rodents. BMC Complement Altern Med, 13: 70.
24
Muhammad G, Hussain MA, Anwar F, Ashraf M, Gilani AH. 2015. Alhagi: a plant genus rich in bioactives for pharmaceuticals. Phytother Res, 29: 1-13.
25
Nazem E. 2010. Tooba pharmacopoeia. Tehran: Andishehavar.
26
Neri L, Basilisco G, Corazziari E, Stanghellini V, Cuomo R, editors. .2012. Symptom severity of functional constipation is associated to work productivity costs: a nationwide italian survey. Neurogastroenterology and Motility. Wiley-Blackwell 111 River ST, Hoboken 07030-5774, NJ USA.
27
Oliveira SCMd, Pinto-Neto AM, Góes JRN, Conde DM, Santos-Sá D, Costa-Paiva L. 2005. Prevalence and factors associated with intestinal constipation in postmenopausal women. Arq Gastroenterol, 42: 24-29.
28
Peery AF, Dellon ES, Lund J, Crockett SD, McGowan CE, Bulsiewicz WJ, Gangarosa LM, Thiny MT, Stizenberg K, Morgan DR, Ringel Y, Kim HP, Dibonaventura MD, Carroll CF, Allen JK, Cook SF, Sandler RS, Kappelman MD, Shaheen NJ. 2012. Burden of gastrointestinal disease in the united states: 2012 update. Gastroenterology, 143: 1179-1187.
29
Picon PD, Picon RV, Costa AF, Sander GB, Amaral KM, Aboy AL, Henriques AT. 2010. Randomized clinical trial of a phytotherapic compound containing Pimpinella anisum, Foeniculum vulgare, Sambucus nigra, and Cassia augustifolia for chronic constipation. BMC Complement Altern Med, 10: 17.
30
Quigley E, Vandeplassche L, Kerstens R, Ausma J. 2009. Clinical trial: the efficacy, impact on quality of life, and safety and tolerability of prucalopride in severe chronic constipation–a 12‐week, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 29: 315-328.
31
Sacomori C, Silveira C, Sperandio FF, Cardoso FL. 2014. Prevalence, repercussion and factors associated with intestinal constipation in women in florianópolis. J Coloproctol, 34: 254-259.
32
Salmoirago-Blotcher E, Crawford S, Jackson E, Ockene J, Ockene I. 2011. Constipation and risk of cardiovascular disease among postmenopausal women. Am J Med, 124: 714-723.
33
Santos-Jasso KA, Arredondo-García JL, Maza-Vallejos J, Lezama-Del Valle P. 2017. Effectiveness of senna vs polyethylene glycol as laxative therapy in children with constipation related to anorectal malformation. J Pediatr Surg, 52: 84-88.
34
Tack J, Müller‐Lissner S, Stanghellini V, Boeckxstaens G, Kamm M, Simrén M, Galmiche JP, Fried M. 2011. Diagnosis and treatment of chronic constipation–a european perspective. Neurogastroenterol Motil, 23: 697-710.
35
Talley NJ, Lasch KL, Baum CL. 2009. A gap in our understanding: chronic constipation and its comorbid conditions. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 7: 9-19.
36
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37
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38
World Health Organization. 2001. WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants. Ottawa: WHO. p. 376.
39
World Health Organization. 2005. WHO consultation on selected medicinal plants. Salerno-Paestum. p.444
40
Yang YX, He M, Hu G, Wei J, Pages P, Yang XH, Bourdu-Naturel S. 2008. Effect of a fermented milk containing bifidobacterium lactis dn-173010 on chinese constipated women. World J Gastroenterol, 14: 6237-6243.
41
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Chemical composition and antibacterial properties of Peganum harmala L.
Objective: The present study was conducted to investigate antibacterial properties of fruit and flower of Peganum harmala. Material and Methods: Column chromatography, followed by preparative thin layer chromatography (TLC) was used for final purification. The structure of pure alkaloids was determined using spectroscopic methods (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, UV and MS). Smoke and extract of total alkaloids were investigated for antimicrobial activity against five different microorganisms (standards and hospital isolates). The antibacterial activity was evaluated using disc diffusion assay and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by serial dilution methods. Results: Chemical investigation of the chloroform extract of ripe fruit and flower of P. harmala led to identification of three alkaloids in ripe fruit and two alkaloids in the flower and leaves of this plant. Alkaloids identified in ripe fruit were harmine, peganine (vasicine) and harmaline. Two alkaloids, harmine and peganine, were detected in the flower of P. harmala, while harmaline was only found in the ripe fruit. The total alkaloids of flower were compared with total alkaloids of ripe fruit by TLC method. Fruits and flowers had 3.12 and 3.27% alkaloid contents, respectively. Conclusion: Our results showed that the alkaloids and smoke were specifically more effective on Candida albicans and Gram- positive bacteria (Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus aureus), while Gram- negative bacteria, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa,were less sensitive.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_13382_5a95427b2e7bd8cd65894f63255782d0.pdf
2019-11-01
530
537
10.22038/ajp.2019.13382
Alkaloid
Antimicrobial activity
Peganum harmala
Harmine
Harmaline
Smoke
Milad
Iranshahy
iranshahiml@mums.ac.ir
1
Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Sedigheh
Fazli Bazaz
fazlis@mums.ac.ir
2
Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
Giti
Haririzadeh
ghoseghozah@gmail.com
3
Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Bibi Zahra
Abootorabi
iranshahiml@hotmail.com
4
Medicinal Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali Mohammad
Mohamadi
ghosegozah@gmail.co
5
Pharmaceutical Control Department, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Zahra
khashyarmanesh
khashyarmaneshz@mums.ac.ir
6
Medicinal Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
"The plant list ", from http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2548698.
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Mirzaie M, Nosratabadi SJ, Derakhshanfar A and Sharif I. 2007. Antileishmanial activity of Peganum harmala extract on the in vitro growth of Leishmania major promastigotes in comparison to a trivalent antimony drug. Veterinarski Arhiv, 77:365.
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28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Thymol has beneficial effects on the experimental model of ulcerative colitis
Objective: Thymol, a natural aromatic monoterpene phenol derived from thymus, possesses anti-inflammatory benefits. Here, we evaluated the potential of thymol therapy in improving an animal model of ulcerative colitis. Materials and Methods: Luminal instillation of acetic acid was used to induce colitis in male Wistar rats. Treatment groups daily received prednisolone (2 mg/kg, orally) or thymol (100 mg/kg, orally) for 10 consecutive days. Then, the rats were euthanized and tissue specimens were collected for evaluation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, the levels of total protein, nitric oxide, myeloperoxidase, malondialdehyde, IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α were monitored in colonic homogenates. Eventually, the relative mRNA expression of IκBα and NF-κBp65 was investigated using reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) in colonic homogenates. Results: Both medications could reduce the mortality rate and the clinical scores of ulcerative colitis. The COX-2 expression was significantly reduced in the colons of thymol-treated animals compared to the prednisolone group. Also, the myeloperoxidase activity, nitric oxide level and malondialdehyde intensity were decreased in the colons of thymol-treated animals to a greater extent compared to the prednisolone group. Moreover, the total protein content of guts showed significant increases in the guts of thymol-treated animals in comparison to the prednisolone group. Nonetheless, thymol significantly reduced the levels of IL-6, and IL-1 compared to prednisolone. Both medications caused a significant decrease in the mRNA level of NF-κBp65, though the mRNA level of IκBα did not show significant changes between the groups. Conclusion: Thymol may be a promising agent to ameliorate ulcerative colitis.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_13383_40841d5a95b496dfed87ec2636439839.pdf
2019-11-01
538
550
10.22038/ajp.2019.13383
Thymol
Acetic-acid
Ulcerative colitis
Wistar rat
Pouriya
Tahmasebi
p.tahmasebi@urmia.ac.ir
1
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
AUTHOR
Seyyed Meysam
Abtahi froushani
meysamabtahi@hotmail.com
2
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Nahideh
Afzale Ahangaran
n.ahangaran@gmail.com
3
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
AUTHOR
Abtahi Froushani SM, Mashouri S. 2018. The Beneficial effects of hypiran in ameliorating rat model of ulcerative colitis. Zahedan J Res Med Sci, 20:e58919.
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62
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Semen quality, hormone profile and histological changes in male albino rats treated with Corchorus olitorius leaf extract
Objective: In this study, the anti-fertility effect of Corchorus olitorius leaf extract (COLE) was evaluated in adult male rats. Materials and Methods: Forty rats assigned to 4 groups of 10 rats each, were orally given COLE for 28 days. Group 1 was the control group but groups 2, 3 and 4 were administered with 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight, respectively and were considered the test groups. Blood collection from the animals was performed at the end of treatments and blood samples were used for reproductive hormone assays. Also, sperm sample quality was ascertained, and basic organs were evaluated histologically for all groups. Results: A significant fall in relative organ weights for the testes and prostate was observed following high-dose treatment (p<0.05). Sperm sample pH, and individual sperm motility, viability, progressiveness and concentration decreased, while total abnormalities increased following high-dose (1000 mg/kg) treatment (p<0.05). Serum concentration of FSH significantly increased at 500 and 1000 mg/kg dose levels while LH and testosterone concentrations were significantly higher than control at all dose levels (p<0.05) except estrogen which was higher than control at 250 and 500 mg/kg but lower at 1000 mg/kg dose level. Control testes showed intact histological architecture with mature spermatid density of 300 cells per tubule and well differentiated Leydig cells, while those animals treated with 250 and 500 mg/kg of the extract, were without significant pathology but had average spermatid densities of 200 and 280 cells per tubule, respectively. Significant azoospermia and spermatid density of only 30 cells per tubule and prostatic degeneration were seen in the group treated with 1000 mg/kg body weight of the extract. Conclusion: Consumption of high amounts of C. olitorius may inhibit reproductive functions in males.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_13426_963a604358faeaa7b1c1bb19a90d94ec.pdf
2019-11-01
551
562
10.22038/ajp.2019.13426
Corchorus olitorius
Anti-fertility
Hormonal
Sperm sample
Histology
Daniel
Orieke
danielorieke@gmail.com
1
Department of Biochemistry,College of Natural and Applied Sciences,Michael Okpara University of Agriculture,Umudike, Nigeria
AUTHOR
Obioma Christopher
Ohaeri
professorohaeri@yahoo.com
2
Department of Biochemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria
AUTHOR
Ifeoma
Ijeh
ijehirene@yahoo.com
3
Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria
AUTHOR
Ijioma
Nnah
ijiomasolo@yahoo.co.uk
4
Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, Abia State.
LEAD_AUTHOR
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42
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Therapeutic potential of Origanum vulgare leaf hydroethanolic extract against renal oxidative stress and nephrotoxicity induced by paraquat in rats
Objective: Paraquat is a herbicide with potent toxicity in humans and animals. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of Origanum vulgare (O. vulgare) leaf extract on the acute nephrotoxicity and renal oxidative stress caused by paraquat. Materials and Methods: We randomly assigned forty male rats into five groups (G1-G5). The G1 was used as control; G2 only received paraquat (25 mg/kg body weight (bw)/day, po); and G3, G4 and G5 received 25 mg/kg b.w/day oral doses of paraquat and O. vulgare hydroethanolic leaf extract (200, 400, 800 mg/kg bw/day, po, respectively). After 2 weeks, superoxide dismutase (SOD), renal catalase (CAT), vitamin C levels, histopathological changes, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) gene expression as well as serum levels of urea, creatinine (Cr), and protein carbonyl (PC) were determined. Results: In G2, oral administration of paraquat significantly increased (p<0.05) serum Cr, urea, PC, and renal TNF-α gene expression relative to those of the control group. Renal catalase, superoxide dismutase, and vitamin C levels were decreased significantly (p<0.05) in G2 as compared to G1. Administration of O. vulgare leaf extract not only increased the renal vitamin C, CAT, and SOD but also decreased the renal TNF-α gene expression, malondialdehyde (MDA), serum urea and creatinine in paraquat-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Conclusion: Our results show that O. vulgareleaf extract has protective effects against nephrotoxicity induced by paraquat in rats. It seems that the nephroprotective effects of O. vulgare extract may be related to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_13466_da0fb9b1b010354619682c0106058151.pdf
2019-11-01
563
573
10.22038/ajp.2019.13466
Antioxidant
Kidney
Nephrotoxicity
Paraquat
Oxidative stress
TNF-α
Ali
Sharifi-Rigi
alisharifi1041@gmail.com
1
Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
AUTHOR
Esfandiar
Heidarian
heidarian46@yahoo.com
2
Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Akinloye O, Abioye O, Olaojoyetan O, Awosika O, Akinloye D. 2013. Dose-dependent effects of paraquat on c-reactive protein, some lipid profile parameters and histology of tissues in male albino rats. Ife J Sci, 15: 189-195.
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38
Tan D, Wang Y, Bai B, Yang X, Han J. 2015. Betanin attenuates oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction in kidney of paraquat-treated rat. Food Chem Toxicol, 78: 141-146.
39
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44
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Cytotoxic activity of caffeic acid and gallic acid against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells: An in silico and in vitro study
Objective: Phenolic compounds have been considered inhibitors of various cancers. Material and Methods: In this study, caffeic acid and gallic acid were appraised for their possible effects on apoptotic genes expression in a breast cancer cell line in vitro. We also evaluated ligand interaction and ligand binding with estrogen receptor alpha by molecular docking. To determine half maximal inhibitory concentration, MCF-7 cells were treated with different concentrations of caffeic acid and gallic acid by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Furthermore, morphological changes in cells and alterations in P53, Mcl-1 and P21 gene expression were studied by real-time RT-PCR. Also, protein network and different interactions between the desired genes were analyzed using GeneMANIA database. Results: Evaluation of cell survival by MTT assay revealed that the half-maximal inhibitory concentration values for caffeic acid and gallic acid against MCF-7 cells, were 159 and 18 µg/ml, respectively. These compounds were found to affect P53, Mcl-1 and P21 gene expression; this alteration in gene expression probably occurred along with the activation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. Conclusion: Via apoptosis induction, caffeic acid and gallic acid have induce toxic effects and morphological changes in breast cancer cells, suggesting their possible future application as antitumor agents.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_13475_a5cdc3ef59ced6717c4f531dfed9f0cb.pdf
2019-11-01
574
586
10.22038/ajp.2019.13475
Caffeic acid
Gallic acid
MCF-7
P53
P21
Mcl-1
Hasan
Rezaei-Seresht
h.rezaeiseresht@gmail.com
1
Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
AUTHOR
Hamid
Cheshomi
hamid.ch65@gmail.com
2
Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Farahnaz
Falanji
farahnaz_falanji@outlook.com
3
Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
AUTHOR
Fatemeh
Movahedi-Motlagh
movahedi_fatemeh5@yahoo.com
4
Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
AUTHOR
Maryam
Hashemian
hashemian@yahoo.com
5
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
AUTHOR
Erfan
Mireskandari
erfanmireskandari@gmail.com
6
Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
AUTHOR
Abbas T, Dutta A. 2009. p21 in cancer: intricate networks and multiple activities. Nat Rev Cancer, 9:400-412.
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51
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Zataria multiflora Boiss. extract improves spatial memory and learning capacity in scopolamine-induced amnesic rats
Objective: Zataria multiflora (Zm) has been proposed for memory enhancing in Persian traditional medicine; but to now, no study has been carried out in this field yet. The aim of this research was to study the plant effect on spatial memory in scopolamine-induced amnesia and investigate in vivo anticholinesterase effect of Zm. Material and Methods: Aerial parts of the plant were extracted with methanol and standardized on the basis of rutin content. Male rats received three doses of Zm extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (ip) for 7 days) and 30 min after the latest dose, scopolamine (1 mg/kg) was administered to animals. Learning capacity and spatial memory were studied using morris water maze (MWM) and passive avoidance test (PAT) methods. Anticholinesterase activity was studied using Ellman’s method. Physostigmine (0.3 mg/kg) and piracetam (200 mg/kg) were used as positive controls. Results: All doses of Zm extract significantly decreased the distance and time spent to find the platform in MWM and increased the time latency in PAT test. In both MWM and PAT tests, the highest effect of Zm was observed at 200 mg/kg which was in accordance with AChE inhibitory effect of the plant. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that Zm has anti-amnesic effect and might improve memory deficit through anticholinesterase activity.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_13540_f1d0ecd931b69ae2f2257ca4ffd2bff6.pdf
2019-11-01
587
596
10.22038/ajp.2019.13540
Anticholinesterase
Cognitive disorder
Morris Water Maze
Passive avoidance test
Zataria multiflora
Vahid
Sheibani
vsheibani2@yahoo.com
1
Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
AUTHOR
Ali
Mandegary
alimandegary@yahoo.com
2
Pharmaceutical Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
AUTHOR
Elham
Vazifekhahan
e.vazifekhahan@yahoo.com
3
Herbal and Traditional Research Center, Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
AUTHOR
Zahra
Kasbzade
kasbzade.zahra@gmail.com
4
Herbal and Traditional Research Center, Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
AUTHOR
Amir
Asadi
asadi_phyto87@yahoo.com
5
Herbal and Traditional Research Center, Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
AUTHOR
Fariba
Sharififar
fa.sharififar@gmail.com
6
Herbal and Traditional Research Center, Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ahmadipour A, Sharififar F, Najafi A, Atashbar J, Karami-Mohajeri S. 2015. Preventive effect of methanolic extract of Zataria Multiflora Boiss on liver toxicity of paracetamol in rats. J Med Life, 8:270–274.
1
Airoldi C, Sironi E, Dias C, Marcelo F, Martins A, Rauter AP, Nicotra F, Jimenez-Barbero J. 2013. Natural compounds against Alzheimer’s disease: molecular recognition of Abeta1-42 peptide by Salvia sclareoides extract and its major component, rosmarinic acid, as investigated by NMR. Chem Asian J, 8:596–602.
2
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of troxerutin on inflammatory cytokines and BDNF levels in male offspring of high-fat diet fed rats
Objective: In the present study, we aimed to examine the effect of troxerutin treatment on levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), as pro-inflammatory cytokines, in the blood and hippocampus of high-fat diet (HFD) fed dams and their male offspring. Materials and Methods: Forty virgin female Wistar rats, 3 weeks old, were divided into two groups (n=20/per group) and fed control diet (CD), or HFD for 8 weeks. After mating, pregnant animals were assigned to four subgroups including: control (CD), control+troxerutin (CD+T), high-fat diet (HFD), and HFD+troxerutin (HFD+T) groups. HFD was continued during pregnancy and lactation. Troxerutin (150 mg/kg/day, P.O.) was administered during pregnancy in the CD+T and HFD+T groups. On postnatal day (PND) 21, male offspring were separated and fed a normal diet until PND 90. Inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, and IL-6) and BDNF levels were measured in the serum and hippocampal samples using rat-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Results: Our findings showed a significant increase in the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6, but a decrease in BDNF levels in the serum of HFD-fed dams in comparison with CD group, which was reversed by troxerutin. Moreover, troxerutin treatment, during pregnancy, significantly decreased TNF-α and IL-6 levels, but increased BDNF level in the serum and hippocampus of HFD+T offspring in comparison with HFD offspring. Conclusion: These results showed that troxerutin could prevent the harmful effects of maternal HFD on their offspring through inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines and elevation of BDNF levels.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_13587_9ec1a44ab85bf825feea0bef943ab67c.pdf
2019-11-01
597
605
10.22038/ajp.2019.13587
Troxerutin
Maternal high fat diet
BDNF
Inflammatory cytokines
Maryam
Hoseindoost
mhh.hosseindoost@gmail.com
1
Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Reza
Alipour
alipourmr52@yahoo.com
2
Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Fereshteh
Farajdokht
farajdokht@gmail.com
3
Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Roghayeh
Diba
r1367diba@gmail.com
4
Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Parvin
Bayandor
bayandorbarzegari@gmail.com
5
Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Keivan
Mehri
keivanm20@gmail.com
6
Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
AUTHOR
Sepehr
Nayebi Rad
nayebisepehr76@gmail.com
7
Student Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Shirin
Babri
shirinb46@yahoo.com
8
Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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