ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Thymoquinone recovers learning function in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease
Objective: Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by accumulation of amyloid beta in the hippocampus. In recent decades, herbal medicine has been widely used to treat many neurodegenerative disorders,as in comparison to conventional drugs, herbal remedies exert minimal side effects. Here, the effects of thymoquinone, as the main active component of Nigella sativa, on passive avoidance memory in rat model of Alzheimer’s disease, were evaluated. Materials and Methods: Hippocampal injection of amyloid beta (Aβ) was used to induce Alzheimer’s disease in male Wistar rats, followed by intra peritoneal administrations of 5 and 10 mg/kg thymoquinone on a daily basis for 4 weeks. Animals were subjected to fear learning behavior in passive avoidance test and histopathological analysis of the hippocampus was done. Shuttle box test was used to evaluate the condition studying memory. Thioflavin-S and Hematoxylin and Eosine staining were done to confirm Aβ plaque formation and to evaluate the effect of thymoquinone on the pyramidal cells in the hippocampal CA1 region. Results: Amyloid beta caused cognitive dysfunction reflected by increasing initial and step-through latency along with plaque formation and degeneration of pyramidal cells in the hippocampus. Thymoquinone administration ameliorated this effect by significant reductions in plaque formation in CA1 region of the hippocampus and increased latency time. It also increased the number of surviving neurons in the hippocampus. Conclusion: It seems that thymoquinone improved learning function in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease. Thus, thymoquinone could be possibly used as an anti-neurodegenerative agent for protecting hippocampal neurons against neurotoxic effects of Aβ in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_10253_78fbcc787aec489d55b71bdffe0673aa.pdf
2018-05-01
188
197
10.22038/ajp.2018.21828.1820
Alzheimer disease
Thymoquinone
Rat
amyloid beta
Nigella Sativa
Parvin
Poorgholam
poorgholam.parvin@yahoo.com
1
Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Parichehreh
Yaghmaei
yaghmaei_p@srbiau.ac.ir
2
Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Zahra
Hajebrahimi
hajebrahimi@ari.ac.ir
3
Aerospace Research Institute, Ministry of Science Research and Technology, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Akhondzadeh S, Abbasi SH. 2006. Herbal medicine in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.Am J Alzheimers Dis, 21: 113-118.
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38
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39
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials on saffron (Crocus sativus) effectiveness and safety on erectile dysfunction and semen parameters
Objective: We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis study to determine saffron (Crocus sativus) effectiveness and safety in male infertility problems. Materials and Methods: The databases PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Google Scholar, SID, IranMedex and Magiran until July 2016 and reference section of relevant articles, were searched to find both English and Persian clinical trials on male infertility issues that used saffron as medical treatment. Also, the quality of these trials was evaluated by Oxford Center for Evidence Based Medicine checklist. A total of six trials was ultimately included. All statistical analyses were done by Comprehensive Meta-analysis (CMA) Version 2. Results: Only in one study conducted on sperm parameters, the mean percentage of sperm with normal morphology (p<0.001) and sperm motility (p<0.001) were increased. Quantitative analysis showed that saffron had a significantly positive effect on all dimensions of Erectile Function questionnaire (MD for Erectile function=5.36(p=0.00), Orgasmic function=1.12 (p=0.007), Overall satisfaction=1.23 (p=0.005), Satisfaction with intercourse=2.18 (p=0.00) and Sexual desire=0.78 (p=0.00), Fixed effects model using 3 trials). The result of subgroup analysis based on dimensions of Erectile Function questionnaire showed statistically significant differences among subgroups (p=0.00). Conclusion: saffron has a positive effect on erectile dysfunction. However, our study showed contradictory results about semen parameters. So, interpretation of results is limited because of methodological flaws of the included studies, erectile dysfunction status and a large heterogeneity among them. Further trials are still needed to confirm the current findings.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_9335_508939c6b5d664c5152ccc96959a8f19.pdf
2018-05-01
198
209
10.22038/ajp.2017.20563.1784
saffron (Crocus sativus )
Erectile dysfunction
semen parameters
male fertility
Meta-analysis
Nahid
Maleki-saghooni
malekisn931@mums.ac.ir
1
Student Research Committee, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Khadijeh
Mirzaii
k.mirzaii@gmail.com
2
Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Hossein
Hosseinzadeh
hosseinzadehh@mums.ac.ir
3
Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Ramin
Sadeghi
sadeghir@mums.ac.ir
4
Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Morvarid
Irani
irani.morvarid@gmail.com
5
Student Research Committee, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abdullaev F, and Espinosa-Aguirre J. 2004. Biomedical Properties of Saffron and Its Potential Use in Cancer Therapy and Chemoprevention Trials. Cancer Detect Prev, 28: 426-432.
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2
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4
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19
Hosseinzadeh H, Ziaee T, Sadeghi A. 2008. The Effect of Saffron, Crocus Sativus Stigma, Extract and Its Constituents, Safranal and Crocin on Sexual Behaviors in Normal Male Rats. Phytomedicine, 15:491-495.
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37
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45
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Centella asiatica on pathophysiology of mild chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in rats
Centella asiatica extract on cognition and hippocampal pathology of mild chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) that was induced by permanent right common carotid artery occlusion (RCO) in rats. Materials and Methods: Sixty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups of Sham-veh, Sham-C. asiatica, RCO-veh and RCO-C. asiatica, which were further divided into short-term and long-term CCH induction. Oral treatments with 20 mg/kg C. asiatica initiated 24 hours and 12 months after CCH and continued for 14 consecutive days. According to the cognition and histopathological evaluation period, the experiment was divided into 2 sets of either 2 or 12 months of CCH. Results: Results showed that 2-month CCH induced learning flexibility deficit associated with CA1 neuronal damage and internal capsule (IC) astroglia activation. Long-lasting (12 months) mild CCH induced spatial learning, memory and flexibility deficits associated with progressive dorsal hippocampal damage. Treatment with 20 mg/kg of C. asiatica improved learning flexibility deficit after 2 and 12 months of CCH. C. asiatica ameliorated neuronal damage in the dorsal hippocampus at 2 months of CCH when given 24 hours after CCH onset. Treatment with C. asiatica after 12 months of cerebral blood flow reduction improved memory and learning flexibility deficits and was associated with the dentate gyrus neuronal damage reduction. Conclusion: Our finding indicates the therapeutic potential of C. asiatica either when given immediately after ischemic insult or when administered one year after ischemic insult, in a CCH rat model.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_9854_3cb9eb3d26ae1227c1050aa8e33a7c39.pdf
2018-05-01
210
226
10.22038/ajp.2017.21164.1800
Chronic cerebral Hypoperfusion
Spatial cognition
Learning flexibility
Radial arm water maze
Centella asiatica
Wachiryah
Thong-asa
fsciwyth@ku.ac.th
1
Animal Toxicology and Physiology Specialty Research Unit (ATPSRU), Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
LEAD_AUTHOR
Kanokwan
Tilokskulchai
kanokwan.til@mahidol.ac.th
2
Neuroscience Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
AUTHOR
Supin
Chompoopong
supin.cho@mahidol.ac.th
3
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
AUTHOR
Mayuree
Hantrakul Tantisira
mayuree.t@chula.ac.th
4
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand
AUTHOR
Anderson MF, Blomstrand F, Blomstrand C, Eriksson PS, Nilsson M. 2003. Astrocytes and Stroke: Networking for Survival? Neurochem. Res, 28: 293-305.
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44
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Antinociceptive effect of methanolic extract and alkaloid fractions of Berberis integerrima root in animal models
Objective: Berberis vulgaris has antioxidant, hepato--renal protective, antibacterial, lipid lowering, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities. The genus Berberis, has another member called Berberisintegerrima which has not been studied for antinociceptive activity and therefore, this study was aimed to examine the antinociceptive effect oftotal extract and alkaloid fractions of Berberis integerrima root in mice. Materials and Methods: Methanolic total extract and alkaloid fractions of the plant namely, fractions A, B, C and D were prepared according to standard methods. Male Swiss mice (20-25 g) were used (n=6 in each group). Acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin and hot-plate tests were used to assess the antinociceptive activity. In hot plate and formalin tests, morphine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and in acetic acid test, indomethacin (10 mg/kg, i.p.) were used as reference drugs. Results: The total extract and fractions A, B and D significantly reduced abdominal twitches in acetic acid test and licking behavior of both acute and chronic phases of formalin test. In hot-plate test, morphine as the standard drug demonstrated significant antinociception while the plant extract and fractions were ineffective. The dose of 5 mg/kg of fraction C showed slight analgesia only in acetic acid test and a dose of 10 mg/kg caused severe toxicity and even death in some animals. Conclusion: Berberis integerrima total extract and its alkaloid fractions showed antinociceptive effect and it seems that the mechanism of this action is peripherally mediated since they were effective in formalin test and acetic acid- induced writhing but not in hot-plate test.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_10002_12bd41390cbde3f840b61f401ffcb89d.pdf
2018-05-01
227
236
10.22038/ajp.2017.22827.1850
Berberis integrrima
Writhing test
Formalin test
Hot plate test
Antinociceptive
Valiollah
Hajhashemi
vhajhashemi@gmail.com
1
Department of Pharmacology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Foroogh
Fahmideh
foroogh91@yahoo.com
2
Department of Pharmacology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Mustafa
Ghanadian
ghanadian@pharm.mui.ac.ir
3
Department of Pharmacognosy, Isfahan School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Nabavi SF, Nabavi SM. 2015. Berberine and neurodegeneration: A review of literature. Pharmacol Rep, 67:970-979.
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3
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31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Cuscuta campestris induces apoptosis by increasing reactive oxygen species generation in human leukemic cells
Objective: Cuscuta campestris or common dodder is a holoparasitic plant that has been valorized for treatment of liver injury and cancer prevention in traditional medicine. Recently, extract of C. campestris had shown moderate antimicrobial properties and cytotoxic effects. In this study, we examined the level of cellular oxidants, cytotoxicity, apoptosis and differentiation induced by hydroalcoholic extract of C. campestris(CCE)(12.5-200 µg/ml), as well as arsenic trioxide (As2O3, 50 µM), in human leukemic (HL60 and NB4) and normal polymorph nuclear cells after 72 hr treatment. Materials and Methods: Resazurin assay was used to determine cell viability following treatment with C. campestris. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptotic cells were measured by fluorimetry using carboxy 2′, 7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate and propidium iodide (PI), as staining reagents, respectively. The differentiation of leukemic cells was evaluated by Giemsa staining and nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction. Results: C. campestris inhibited cell viability with IC50 values of 23.9 µg/ml for HL60 and 60.3 µg/ml for NB4 cells after 72 hr treatment. ROS formation was also concentration-dependently increased following treatment with C. campestris. In addition, the number of apoptotic cells significantly increased to 88.4% and 62.3% in CCE (200 µg/ml)-treated HL60 and NB4 cells, respectively, which was higher than that of As2O3 (50 µM)-treated leukemic cells (p<0.001). Nonetheless, C. campestris did not induce differentiation of leukemic cells towards granulocytic pattern. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that C. campestris induced apoptosis through ROS production without having differential effect on leukemic cells, in concentration- and time-dependent manners. Understanding of precise signaling pathway by which C. campestris induce apoptosis, needs further research
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_10011_f01e938772267964ca1670385269cf35.pdf
2018-05-01
237
245
10.22038/ajp.2017.22557.1866
Cuscuta campestris
Leukemia
Apoptosis
Differentiation
ROS
Maliheh
Moradzadeh
moradzadeh63@yahoo.com
1
Golestan Rheumatology Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
AUTHOR
Azar
Hosseini
hoseiniaz@mums.ac.ir
2
Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Hasan
Rakhshandeh
rakhshandehh@mums.ac.ir
3
Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Azita
Aghaee
aghaeea1@mums.ac.ir
4
Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Hamidreza
Sadeghnia
sadeghniahr@outlook.com
5
Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Alinejad B, Ghorbani A and Sadeghnia HR. 2013. Effects of combinations of curcumin, linalool, rutin, safranal, and thymoquinone on glucose/serum deprivation-induced cell death. Avicenna J Phytomed, 3: 321-328.
1
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Biswas S, Chowdhury A, Das J, Karamkar U, Raihan S and Das A. 2012. Phytochemical investigation and chromatographic evaluation with antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential of Cuscuta epithymum. Int J Pharm, 8: 422-427.
3
Candra E, Matsunaga K, Fujiwara H, Mimaki Y, Kuroda M, Sashida Y and Ohizumi Y. 2002. Potent apoptotic effects of saponins from Liliaceae plants in L1210 cells. J Pharm Pharmacol, 54: 257-262.
4
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6
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8
Gaidi G, Correia M, Chauffert B, Beltramo J-L, Wagner H and Lacaille-Dubois M-A. 2002. Saponins-mediated potentiation of cisplatin accumulation and cytotoxicity in human colon cancer cells. Planta Med, 68: 70-72.
9
Ghazanfari T, Naseri M, Shams J and Rahmati B. 2013. Cytotoxic effects of Cuscuta extract on human cancer cell lines. Food Agric Immunol, 24: 87-94.
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11
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13
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14
Jafarian A, Ghannadi A and Mohebi B. 2014. Cytotoxic effects of chloroform and hydroalcoholic extracts of aerial parts of Cuscuta chinensis and Cuscuta epithymum on Hela, HT29 and MDA-MB-468 tumor cells. Res Pharm Sci, 9: 115.
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Kajimoto S, Takanashi N, Kajimoto T, Xu M, Cao J, Masuda Y, Aiuchi T, Nakajo S, Ida Y and Nakaya K. 2002. Sophoranone, extracted from a traditional Chinese medicine Shan Dou Gen, induces apoptosis in human leukemia U937 cells via formation of reactive oxygen species and opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores. Int J Cancer, 99: 879-890.
16
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Mehrabani M, Modirian E, Ebrahimabadi A, Vafazadeh J, Shahnavaz S and Heidari MR. 2007. Study of the Effects of hydro-methanol extracts of lavandula vera DC. and cuscuta epithymum murr. on the seizure induced by pentylentetranzol in Mice. J Kerman Uni Med Sci, 14: 25-32.
19
Rodak BF, Fritsma GA and Keohane E. 2013. Hematology: clinical principles and applications, PP: 340-373. Elsevier Health Sciences.
20
Sadeghnia HR, Ghorbani Hesari T, Mortazavian SM, Mousavi SH, Tayarani-Najaran Z and Ghorbani A. 2014. Viola tricolor induces apoptosis in cancer cells and exhibits antiangiogenic activity on chicken chorioallantoic membrane. BioMed Res Inter, 2014.
21
Sak K. 2012. Chemotherapy and dietary phytochemical agents. Chemother Res Pract, 2012.
22
Sepehr MF, Jameie SB and Hajijafari B. 2011. The Cuscuta kotschyana effects on breast cancer cells line MCF7. J Med Plant Res, 5: 6344-6351.
23
Shafiee-Nick R, Ghorbani A, Vafaee Bagheri F and Rakhshandeh H. 2012. Chronic administration of a combination of six herbs inhibits the progression of hyperglycemia and decreases serum lipids and aspartate amino transferase activity in diabetic rats. Adv Pharmacol Sci, 2012.
24
Shen P, Wang S-L, Liu X-K, Yang C-R, Cai B and Yao X-S. 2003. Steroidal Saponins from Rhizomes of Tupistra wattii HOOK. f. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo), 51: 305-308.
25
Suganuma K, Miwa H, Imai N, Shikami M, Gotou M, Goto M, Mizuno S, Takahashi M, Yamamoto H and Hiramatsu A. 2010. Energy metabolism of leukemia cells: glycolysis versus oxidative phosphorylation. Leuk. Lymphoma, 51: 2112-2119.
26
Suresh V, Sruthi V, Padmaja B and Asha V. 2011. In vitro anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. J Ethnopharmacol, 134: 872-877.
27
Yan H, Peng Z-G, Wu Y-L, Jiang Y, Yu Y, Huang Y, Zhu Y-S, Zhao Q and Chen G-Q. 2005. Hypoxia-simulating agents and selective stimulation of arsenic trioxide-induced growth arrest and cell differentiation in acute promyelocytic leukemic cells. Haematologica, 90: 1607-1616.
28
Yokosuka A, Mimaki Y and Sashida Y. 2002. Spirostanol saponins from the rhizomes of Tacca chantrieri and their cytotoxic activity. Phytochemistry, 61: 73-78
29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
In vitro evaluation of antibacterial activity of verbascoside, lemon verbena extract and caffeine in combination with gentamicin against drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli clinical isolates
Objective: In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in using herbal products to overcome bacterial resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of lemon verbena aqueous extract, verbascoside and caffeine in combination with gentamicin against standard and clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli strains. Materials and Methods: The MIC and MBC values of different antibacterial agents against bacterial strains were determined. The effect of co-administration lemon verbena extract, verbascoside, and caffeine and gentamicin was studied in vitro using a checkerboard method and calculating fraction inhibitory concentration index (FICI). Results: Herbal extract, verbascoside and caffeine alone showed no inhibitory effects on any of the bacterial strains (at doses up to 200 mg/ml). Herbal extract, verbascoside and caffeine were able to decrease the MIC of gentamicin against the standard resistant strains and two clinical isolates. Among these combinations, the co-administration of verbascoside and gentamicin was more effective and synergistic activities (FICI<1) against clinical isolates were observed. Conclusion: The results of the present study revealed that herbal extract, verbascoside and caffeine potentiated the antimicrobial action of gentamicin against some clinical isolates of S. aureus and E. coli.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_10211_58b96259b834416816a71dc69fc5392e.pdf
2018-05-01
246
253
10.22038/ajp.2018.15338.1607
Antibiotics
Combination therapy
Methylxanthines
Herbal extract
Natural compounds
Resistant pathogens
Bibi Sedigheh
Fazly Bazzaz
fazlis@mums.ac.ir
1
Biotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, ‎Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
bahman
khameneh
khamenehb891@mums.ac.ir
2
Department of Pharmaceutical Control, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, &lrm;&lrm;Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Reza
Zahedian
hosseinzadehh@gmail.com
3
ScStudents Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
AUTHOR
Hossein
Hosseinzadeh
hosseinzadehh@mums.ac.ir
4
Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of ‎Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Akaberi M, Iranshahy M, Iranshahi M. 2015. Review of the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of giant fennel (Ferula communis l. subsp. communis). Iran J Basic Med Sci, 18:1050-1062.
1
Alipieva K, Korkina L, Orhan IE, Georgiev MI. 2014. Verbascoside — A review of its occurrence, (bio) synthesis and pharmacological significance. Biotechnol Adv, 32: 1065-1076.
2
Azimi H, Fallah-Tafti M, Khakshur AA, Abdollahi M. 2012. A review of phytotherapy of acne vulgaris: perspective of new pharmacological treatments. Fitoterapia, 83:1306-17.
3
Bazzaz BS, Lavaei S, Hosseinzadeh H. 2012. Interaction of methylxanthines and gentamicin against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: role of phosphodiesterase inhibition. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung, 59:13-20.
4
Carnat A, Carnat AP, Fraisse D, Lamaison JL. 1999. The aromatic and polyphenolic composition of lemon verbena tea. Fitoterapia, 70:44-49.
5
Corvec S, Tafin UF, Betrisey B, Borens O, Trampuz A. 2013. Activities of fosfomycin, tigecycline, colistin, and gentamicin against extended-spectrum-lactamase-producing escherichia coli in a foreign-body infection model. Antimicrobial Agents Chemother, 57:1421-1427.
6
Coutinho HD, Costa JG, Lima EO, Falcao-Silva VS, Siqueira JP, Jr. 2009. Herbal therapy associated with antibiotic therapy: potentiation of the antibiotic activity against methicillin--resistant Staphylococcus aureus by Turnera ulmifolia L. BMC Complement Altern Med, 9:13.
7
Elgaher WA, Hayallah AM, Salem OIA, Abdel Alim AAM. 2009. Synthesis, anti-bronchoconstrictive, and antibacterial activities of some new 8-substituted-1, 3-dimethylxanthine derivatives. Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 32:153-187.
8
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9
Forouzanfar F, Fazly Bazzaz BS, Hosseinzadeh H. 2014. Black cumin (Nigella sativa) and its constituent (thymoquinone): A review on antimicrobial effects. Iran J Basic Med Sci, 17:929-938.
10
Funes L, Laporta O, Cerdan-Calero M, Micol V. 2010. Effects of verbascoside, a phenylpropanoid glycoside from lemon verbena, on phospholipid model membranes. Chem Phys Lipids, 163:190-9.
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Georgiev M, Pastore S, Lulli D, Alipieva K, Kostyuk V, Potapovich A, Panetta M, Korkina L. 2012. Verbascum xanthophoeniceum-derived phenylethanoid glycosides are potent inhibitors of inflammatory chemokines in dormant and interferon-gamma-stimulated human keratinocytes. J Ethnopharmacol, 144:754-60.
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Ghaemi EO, Khorshidi D, Moradi A, Seifi A, Mazendrani M, Bazouri M, Mansourian AR. 2007. The efficacy of ethanolic extract of Lemon verbena on the skin infection due to Staphylococcus aureus in an animal model. Pak J Biol Sci, 10:4132-5.
13
Guillermo Avila J, De Liverant JG, Martínez A, Martínez G, Muñoz JL, Arciniegas A, Romo De Vivar A. 1999. Mode of action of Buddleja cordata verbascoside against Staphylococcus aureus. J Ethnopharmacol, 66:75-78.
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Hagihara M, Crandon JL, Nicolau DP. 2012. The efficacy and safety of antibiotic combination therapy for infections caused by Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Expert Opin Drug Saf, 11:221-33.
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Hosseinzadeh H, Fazly Bazzaz BS, Moaddab Sadati M. 2006. In vitro evaluation of methylxanthines and some antibiotics: interaction against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Iran Biomed J, 10:163-167.
18
Khameneh B, Diab R, Ghazvini K, Fazly Bazzaz BS. 2016. Breakthroughs in bacterial resistance mechanisms and the potential ways to combat them. Microb Pathog,95:32-42.
19
Khameneh B, Fazly Bazzaz BS, Amani A, Rostami J, Vahdati-Mashhadian N. 2015. Combination of anti-tuberculosis drugs with vitamin C or NAC against different Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. Microb Pathog, 93:83-87.
20
Kim YW, Chun HJ, Kim IW, Liu HB, Ahn WS. 2013. Antimicrobial and antifungal effects of green tea extracts against microorganisms causing vaginitis. Food Science and Biotechnology, 22:713-719.
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Lima CSdA, Amorim ELCd, Sena KXdFR, Chiappeta AdA, Nunes XP, Agra MdF, da-Cunha EVL, Silva MSd, Barbosa-Filho JM. 2003. Antimicrobial activity of a mixture of two isomeric phenylpropanoid glycosides from Arrabidaea harleyi AH Gentry (Bignoniaceae). Revista Brasileira de Ciências Farmacêuticas, 39:77-81.
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27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Protective effect of Urtica dioica leaf hydro alcoholic extract against experimentally-induced atherosclerosis in rats
Objective: Finding compounds that could be used for prevention of atherosclerosis (AS) is highly desired. The present study evaluated the protective effects of Urtica dioica (UD, commonly known as stinging nettle) leaf ethanolic extract against high-fat diet-induced AS in rats. Materials and Methods: In this study, 40 male adult Sprauge-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to 4 equal groups and treated as follows for 9 consecutive weeks: (1) Normal control (NC; normal rats that were fed with a basic diet); (2) Atherosclerotic rats (AT; which received no particular treatment); (3) Atherosclerotic rats that received 100 mg/kg/day ethanolic extract of UD orally and (4) Atherosclerotic rats that received simvastatin 4 mg/kg/day orally. Atherosclerosis was induced by a high-fat diet accompanied by propylthiouracil and vitamin D3. Results: Marked hypercholesterolemia and significant increase in LDL-C/HDL-C ratio were observed in rats of AT group. Administration of UD significantly reduced these parameters as compared to AT group (p Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of UD prevents establishment of atherosclerotic lesions in rat aorta, which is associated with positive effects on serum lipid profile without significantly affecting antioxidant status.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_10264_c213ff071a904bbe63f00b1602ef2c61.pdf
2018-05-01
254
262
10.22038/ajp.2018.25213.1917
Atherosclerosis
Stinging nettle
Oxidative stress
Histopathology
Rat
Fatemeh
Namazi
fnamazi@shirazu.ac.ir
1
Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Tahoora
Shomali
tshomali@shirazu.ac.ir
2
Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Pouya
Taghikhani
taghikhanipouya@yahoo.com
3
Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Saeid
Nazifi
nazifi@shirazu.ac.ir
4
Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz
AUTHOR
Abedi Gaballu F, Abedi Gaballu Y, Moazenzade Khyavy O, Mardomi A, Ghahremanzadeh K, Shokouhi B, Mamandy H. 2015. Effects of a triplex mixture of Peganum harmala, Rhuscoriaria, and Urtica dioica aqueous extracts on metabolic and histological parameters in diabetic rats. Pharm Biol, 53:1104-1109.
1
Avci G, Kupeli E, Eryavuz A, Yesilada E, Kucukkurt I. 2006. Antihypercholesterolaemic and antioxidant activity assessment of some plants used as remedy in Turkish folk medicine. J Ethnopharmacol, 107:418–423.
2
Bisht R, Joshi BC, Kalia AN, Prakash A. 2016. Antioxidant-rich fraction of Urticadioica mediated rescue of striatal mito-oxidative damage in MPTP-induced behavioral, cellular, and neurochemical alterations in rats. Mol Neurobiol, 54:5632-5645.
3
Daher CF, Baroody KG, Baroody GM. 2006. Effect of Urticadioica extract intake upon blood lipid profile in the rats. Fitoterapia, 77: 183–188.
4
Feron O, Dessy C, Moniotte S, Desager JP, Balligand JL. 1999. Hypercholesterolemia decreases nitric oxide production by promoting the interaction of caveolin and endothelial nitric oxide synthase. J Clin Invest, 103:897–905.
5
Ghasemi S, Moradzadeh M, Mousavi SH, Sadeghnia HR. 2016. Cytotoxic effects of Urtica dioica radix on human colon (HT29) and gastric (MKN45) cancer cells mediated through oxidative and apoptotic mechanisms. Cell Mol Biol, (Noisy-le-grand) 62:90-96.
6
Gleissner CA. 2016. Translational atherosclerosis research: From experimental models to coronary artery disease in humans. Atherosclerosis, 248:110-116.
7
Hu Y, Sun B, Liu K, Yan M, Zhang Y, Miao C, Ren L. 2016. Icariin Attenuates High-cholesterol Diet Induced Atherosclerosis in Rats byInhibition of Inflammatory Response and p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway. Inflammation, 39:228-236.
8
Joris I, Zand T, Nunnari JJ, Krolikowski FJ,Majno G. 1983. Studies on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. I. Adhesion and emigration of mononuclear cells in the aorta of hypercholesterolemic rats. Am J Pathol, 113: 341–358.
9
Kaneider NC, Reinisch CM, Dunzendorfer S, Meierhofer C, Djanani A, Wiedermann CJ. 2001. Induction of apoptosis and inhibition of migration of inflammatory and vascular wall cells by cerivastatin. Atherosclerosis, 158: 23–33.
10
Kawashima S, Yokoyama M. 2004. Dysfunction of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 24:998-1005.
11
Khan BV, Parthasarathy SS, Alexander RW, Medford RM. 1995. Modified low density lipoprotein and its constituents augment cytokine-activatedvascular cell adhesion molecule-1 gene expression in human vascular endothelial cells. J Clin Invest, 95:1262-1270.
12
Leong XF, Ng CY, Jaarin K. 2015. Animal models in cardiovascular research: hypertension and atherosclerosis. Biomed Res Int, doi: 10.1155/2015/528757.
13
Li H, Horke S, Förstermann U. 2014. Vascular oxidative stress, nitric oxide and atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis, 237:208-219.
14
Mojab F, Kamalinejad M, Ghaderi N, Vahidpour HR. 2003. Phytochmical screening of some species of Iranian plants. Iran J Pharm Res, 2:77-82.
15
Namazi N, Tarighat A, Bahrami A. 2012. The effect of hydro alcoholic nettle (Urtica dioica) extract on oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. Pak J Biol Sci, 15:98-102.
16
Nassiri-Asl M, Zamansoltani F, Abbasi E, Daneshi MM, Zangivand AA. 2009. Effects of Urtica dioica extract on lipid profile in hypercholesterolemic rats. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao, 7:428-433.
17
Pang J, Xu Q, Xu X, Yin H, Xu R, Guo S, Hao W, Wang L, Chen C, Cao JM. 2010. Hexarelin suppresses high lipid diet and vitamin D3-induced atherosclerosis in the rat. Peptides, 31:630-638.
18
Rosenson RS. 2004. Statins in atherosclerosis: lipid-lowering agents with antioxidant capabilities. Atherosclerosis, 173:1-12.
19
Tarighatesfanjani A, Namazi N, Bahrami A. 2012. Effect of hydro alcoholic nettle extract on lipid profiles and blood pressure in type 2 diabetes patients. Iran J Endocrin Met, 13: 449-458.
20
Weber C, Noels H. 2011. Atherosclerosis: current pathogenesis and therapeutic options. Nat Med, 17:1410-1422.
21
Zare S,Nabiuni M, TayanlooA, Hoseini S, Karimzadeh-Bardei L. 2015. The effects of Urtica dioica extract on lipid profile, insulin resistance index and liver histology in polycystic ovary syndrome-induced Wistar rats. Adv herb med 1:23-33.
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Early and late preventive effect of Nigella sativa on the bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats: An experimental study
Objective: Pulmonary fibhrosis is a disease of the connective tissues in the respiratory system. Nigella sativa has been used for the treatment of pulmonary diseases like asthma. This study investigated the early and late preventive effect of methanolic extract of N. sativa on a bleomycin- induced pulmonary fibrosis model. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out using 52 rats. Pulmonary fibrosis was induced by a single endotracheal injection of bleomycin (5 mg/kg). Extract of N. sativa (500 mg/kg per day) or methylprednisolone succinate (4 mg/kg per day) was injected intraperitoneally in two periods (i.e. days 1-14 as early preventive group and days 15-28 days as late preventive group). The lung tissues were histologically examined at the end of each period and inspected for the amount of hydroxyproline and biomarkers of oxidative stress. Results: The pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis were significantly decreased in groups treated with methylprednisolone and N. sativa extract compared to bleomycin group in both early and late prevention groups (p<0.001). The hydroxyproline concentration in pulmonary tissue was significantly decreased in N. sativa and methylprednisolone groups compared to the bleomycin group in both prevention groups (p<0.001). Significant reductions in lipid peroxidation (p<0.001) and increases in catalase activity were also observed in N. sativa and methylprednisolone groups compared to bleomycin group. Conclusion: This study suggested that N. Sativa extract is effective for early and late prevention of pulmonary fibrosis and inflammation. However, more studies are needed to identify its anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic mechanisms in the respiratory system.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_10265_d1cfa786d65199120d2d71a04b991527.pdf
2018-05-01
263
275
10.22038/ajp.2018.26259.1951
Bleomycin
Hydroxyproline
Nigella Sativa
Pulmonary inflammation Fibrosis
Hamid Reza
Poursalehi
hamidreza.poursalehi@yahoo.com
1
Physiology Research Center of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Mitra
Samareh Fekri
m_samareh@kmu.ac.ir
2
Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Fariba
Sharififar
fa.sharififar@gmail.com
3
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Mandegary
alimandegary@yahoo.com
4
Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Atefeh
Izadi
a.izadi70@gmail.com
5
Department of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Rahil
Mahmoodi
rahil.mahmodi88@gmail.com
6
Department of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Hadi
Nematollahi
mh.nematollahi@yahoo.com
7
Herbal & Traditional Medicines Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Fateme
Porgholamhosein
fatemeporgholamhosein@yahoo.com
8
Department of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Vahideh
Ghorani
ghoranisv921@mums.ac.ir
9
Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Masome
Samareh Fekri
masoomeh_831@yahoo.com
10
Assistant Professor of Plant Protection, Departement of agriculture
AUTHOR
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63
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A comparison between the effects of Portulaca oleracea seeds extract and valsartan on echocardiographic and hemodynamic parameters in rats with levothyroxine-induced thyrotoxicosis
Objective: The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of Portulaca oleracea (Po) seeds extract and those of valsartan on cardiac function in levothyroxine (T4)-treated rats. Materials and Methods: Forty Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n=10): control, levothyroxine (T4), T4 plus valsartan (T4-Val) and T4 plus hydro-alcoholic extract of the P. oleracea seeds (T4-Po). Control group received normal saline. Levothyroxine (100µg/kg/day, i.p.) was administered to three other groups for 4 weeks. Valsartan (8 mg/kg/day, orally) and Po seeds extract (400 mg/kg/day, orally) were administered during the last two weeks of treatment period. At the end of the experiment, echocardiographic and hemodynamic parameters were measured and serum free T4, T3, and T4 were measured. Results: Administration of T4 for 4 weeks significantly increased serum free T4 levels in T4 group but elevations of free T4 levels in T4–Val group were not significant. Free T4 level decreased in T4–Po (p<0.01) compared to T4 group. Heart rate (HR), heart weight (HW), and left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) were significantly increased in T4 group compared to control group while these parameters in the other groups were not significantly different from those of control group. The reduction in HR, HW, and LVSP were more prominent in T4-Po group. Ejection fraction (EF) and fraction shortening (FS) were insignificantly decreased in T4 group compared to control group. Conclusion: These results showed that treatment of hyperthyroid rats with P. oleracea seeds extract was more effective than valsartan in reducing cardiac changes induced by levothyroxine.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_10274_b0e850442eb6f6f0d76798e11e4c1e84.pdf
2018-05-01
276
285
10.22038/ajp.2018.10274
echocardiography
Hemodynamic parameters
Hyperthyroidism
Levothyroxine
Portulaca oleracea
Valsartan
Roghayeh
Pakdel
pakdelr901@mums.ac.ir
1
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Saeed
Niazmand
niazmands@mums.ac.ir
2
Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohsen
Mouhebati
mouhebatim@mums.ac.ir
3
Cardiology Department, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Mahdi
Vahedi
vahedimm901@mums.ac.ir
4
Department of pharmacology, faculty of medicine, Mashhad university of medical sciences,Mashhad,Iran
AUTHOR
Azita
Aghaee
aghaeea1@mums.ac.ir
5
Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
AUTHOR
Mousa-al-reza
Hajzadeh
hajzadehmr@mums.ac.ir
6
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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