ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Rheum turkestanicum rhizomes possess anti-hypertriglyceridemic, but not hypoglycemic or hepatoprotective effect in experimental diabetes
Objective: Rheum turkestanicum (R. turkestanicum) rhizomes have been used in Iranain traditional medicine as an anti-diabetic agent. The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the anti-diabetic and antioxidant activities of R. turkestanicum rhizome extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.Materials and Methods: Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of 55 mg/kg streptozotocin in male Wistar rats. Diabetic rats received the decoction extract of R. turkestanicum rhizomes at the doses of 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg daily by gavage for 3 weeks. Serum glucose and lipid levels were measured in all groups before diabetes induction and at the end of week 3. Oxidative stress was evaluated in the liver by measurement of malondialdehyde levels and total thiol concentration at the end of the experiment.Results: A significant increase in serum glucose and triglyceride levels was observed in diabetic rats, which was accompanied by increased malondialdehyde levels and decreased total thiol concentration in the liver after 3 weeks. Treatment of diabetic rats with R. turkestanicum rhizome extract at the doses of 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg over a 3-week period did not change serum glucose, hepatic malondialdehyde and total thiol levels in diabetic rats. However, treatment with R. turkestanicum extract significantly decreased serum triglyceride levels in a dose-dependent manner at the end of the experiment.Conclusion: R. turkestanicum rhizome extract possess anti-hypertriglyceridemic, but not hypoglycemic or hepatoprotective effect in diabetic rats. Therefore, R. turkestanicum rhizome should be consumed with more caution by diabetic patients.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_6920_71fc1d20ab8668cae6f9e5d0a04a399c.pdf
2017-01-01
1
9
10.22038/ajp.2016.6920
Rheum turkestanicum
Diabetes Mellitus
Hyperglycemia
Hypertriglyceridemia
Oxidative stress
Mousa-Al-Reza
Hadjzadeh
hajzadehmr@mums.ac.ir
1
Neurocognitive Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Ziba
Rajaei
rajaeiz@med.mui.ac.ir
2
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Esmaeil
Khodaei
skhodaee@ahoo.com
3
Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Maryam
Malek
malek_m@yahoo.com
4
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Habib
Ghanbari
ghanbarih@yahoo.com
5
Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Adeghate E, Ponery A. 2002. GABA in the endocrine pancreas: cellular localization and function in normal and diabetic rats. Tissue Cell, 34: 1-6.
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35
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Achillea millefolium on appetite hormone in rats
Objective: Achillea millefolium (A. millefolium) is known as an orexigenic herb in Iranian traditional medicine. In this study, the possible orexigenic effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of A. millefolium was investigated by measuring plasma ghrelin level.Materials and Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups. Control group received water. Treatment groups received 50, 100 or 150 mg/kg of A. millefolium extract for 7 days via gavage. Before the intervention, daily amount of the food eaten by each rat was measured for 10 days. During the investigation, the amount of energy intake of each rat was also estimated 1, 2, 4, 6 and 24 hr after each intake, for 7 days. Later, the orexigenic dose of extract and distilled water was fed to two separate groups of 6 male Wistar rats. Plasma ghrelin level was measured 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 hr after extract intake.Results: The change in energy intake after treatment by 50 and 100 mg/kg of the extract was significantly higher than other groups (p<0.001). Administration of Achillea 100mg/kg significantly (p<0.05) decreased ghrelin level one hr after intervention but there was no significant (p>0.05) difference among control and treated group.Conclusion: This study indicated that A. millefolium had positive dose-related effects on appetite in rats. It seems that the orexigenic activity of extract was not related to changes in plasma ghrelin levels.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_6492_146abbd35bdb8d9aed75fdebe87ce128.pdf
2017-01-01
10
15
10.22038/ajp.2016.6492
Achillea Millefoliu
Appetite
Food intake
ghrelin
Hydroalcoholic extract
Mohsen
Nematy
nematym@mums.ac.ir
1
Biochemistry and Nutrition Research Center and Department of Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohsen
Mazidi
mazidim911@mums.ac.ir
2
Biochemistry and Nutrition Research Center and Department of Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Atefeh
Jafari
jafaria901@mums.ac.ir
3
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Sara
Baghban
baghbans@mums.ac.ir
4
Biochemistry and Nutrition Research Center and Department of Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Hasan
Rakhshandeh
rakhshandehh@mums.ac.ir
5
Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Abdolreza
Norouzy
norouzya@mums.ac.ir
6
Biochemistry and Nutrition Research Center and Department of Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Habibollah
Esmaily
esmailyh@mums.ac.ir
7
Health Sciences Research Center, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Leila
Etemad
etemadl@mums.ac.ir
8
Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Michael
Patterson
m.patterson@imperial.ac.uk
9
6epartment of Life Sciences, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD
AUTHOR
Amir Houshang
Mohammadpour
mohamadpoorah@mums.ac.ir
10
Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Akamizu, T, Iwakura H, Ariyasu H,Kangawa K. 2010a. Ghrelin and functional dyspepsia. Int J Pept, 2010: 1-6.
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3
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4
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8
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10
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11
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12
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14
Takeda, H, Sadakane C, Hattori T, Katsurada T, Ohkawara T, Nagai K,Asaka M. 2008. Rikkunshito, an herbal medicine, suppresses cisplatin-induced anorexia in rats via 5-HT2 receptor antagonism. Gastroenterology, 134: 2004-2013.
15
Tschop, M, Wawarta R, Riepl R L, Friedrich S, Bidlingmaier M, Landgraf R,Folwaczny C. 2001. Post-prandial decrease of circulating human ghrelin levels. J Endocrinol Invest, 24: RC19-21.
16
Wren, A M, Seal L J, Cohen M A, Brynes A E, Frost G S, Murphy K G, Dhillo W S, Ghatei M A,Bloom S R. 2001. Ghrelin enhances appetite and increases food intake in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 86: 5992.
17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Herbs and natural supplements in the prevention and treatment of delayed-onset muscle soreness
Objective: Unaccustomed and intense eccentric exercise is a common cause of delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS). There are multiple remedies for the treatment of DOMS, but its clinical and laboratory pieces of evidence are scarce. Currently, the treatments proposed for DOMS are numerous and include pharmaceuticals, herbal remedies, stretching, massage, nutritional supplements, and other alternatives. To find a holistic treatment with effective pain relief and minimum side effects, complementary and alternative medicine, including herbal therapies, plays a main role.Methods: In this review, the existing published studies investigating the efficacy of herbal and natural supplementation therapies for the prevention or treatment of side effects, symptoms, and signs of DOMS are summarized.Results: Previous studies have documented the efficacy of herbal therapies to treat pain, inflammation, as well as laboratory and clinical side effects of DOMS.Conclusion: The use of herbs in DOMS seems safer and has lower side effects than pharmacotherapy. However, the potential for side effects and drug interactions should be considered.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_6621_53a22f51b25509acc83c102d013b178b.pdf
2017-01-01
16
26
10.22038/ajp.2016.6621
Herb
Natural products
Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness
Abbas
Meamarbashi
a_meamarbashi@yahoo.com
1
Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abdullaev FI. 2002. Cancer chemopreventive and tumoricidal properties of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Exp Biol Med, 227:20-25.
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88
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Hepatoprotective activity of the extract of Homalium letestui stem against paracetamol-induced liver injury
Homalium letestui Pellegr (Flacourtiaceae) is used traditionally by the Ibibios of Southern Nigeria to treat stomach ulcer, malaria and other inflammatory diseases and Yorubas of western Nigeria as an antidote. The hepatoprotective effect of the stem extract (200-600 mg/kg) was evaluated by the assay of liver function parameters, namely total and direct bilirubin, serum protein and albumin, total cholesterol, alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase activities (ALP), antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH) and histopathological study of the liver. GCMS analysis of n-butanol fraction was carried out. Administration of the stem extract caused a significant (p
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10.22038/ajp.2016.6950
Homalium letestui
Hepatoprotective
Antioxidant
Jude Efiom
Okokon
judeefiom@yahoo.com
1
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
LEAD_AUTHOR
Joseph Oyepata
Simeon
simeon4unme@yahoo.com
2
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
AUTHOR
Emem Ekpo
Umoh
ememumoh@yahoo.com
3
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
AUTHOR
Adams RP. 2001. Identification of Essential oils by Gas Chromatography Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry. Allured Publishing Corporation, Carol Stream, USA
1
Adeneye AA, Olagunju JA, Benebo AS, Elias SO, Adisa AO, Idowu BO, Oyedeji MO, Isioye EO, Braimoh OB, Oladejo OO, Alana EO. 2008. Nephroprotective effects of the aqueous root extract of Harungana madagascariensis [L.] in acute and repeated dose acetaminophen renal injured rats. Int J Appl Res Nat Prod,1: 6–14.
2
Aldridge WN. 1981. Mechanism of toxicity: New concepts are required in toxicology. Trends in Pharmacol Sci 2: 228–231.
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Amazu LU, Okokon JE, Nwidu LL. 2015. Antiulcer activity of stem extract and fractions of Homalium letestui. Int J Pharmacog 2: 242-247.
4
Antia BS, Okokon JE, Nwidu LL. 2015. Antidiarrhoeal activity of stem extract of Homalium letestui. Int J Phytother 5: 86-89.
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Cooper RA, Durocher JR, Leslie MH. 1977. Decreased fluidity of red cell membrane lipids in a beta lipoproteinemia. J Clin Investig 60: 115-121.
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Gilani AH, Jabeen Q, Ghayur MN, Janbaz KH, Akhtar MS. 2005. Studies on the antihypertensive, antispasmodic, bronchodilator and hepatoprotective activities of the Carum copticum seed extract. J Ethnopharmacol 98: 127–135.
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Ita B, Ngochindo R. 2014. Fatty Acid Composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Homalium letestui Stem. Austral J Basic Appl Sci. 8: 416-422.
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Lirdprapamongkol K, Kramb JP, Suthiphongchai T, Surarit R, Srisomsap C, Dannhardt G, Svasti J. 2009. Vanillin suppresses metastatic potential of human cancer cells through PI3K inhibition and decreases angiogenesis in vivo. J Agr Food Chem. 57: 3055 - 3063.
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Manokaran S, Jaswanth A, Sengottuvelu S, Nandhakumar J, Duraisamy R, Karthikeyan D, Mallegaswari R. 2008. Hepatoprotective activity of Aerva lanata Linn.against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Res J Pharm Technol 1: 398 – 400.
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Okokon JE, Davies K. 2014. Psychopharmacological studies of Homalium letestui stem extract. J Pharmaceut Biol. 4: 158 – 164.
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35
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Anti-inflammatory effect of Fumaria parviflora leaves based on TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6 and antioxidant potential
Objective: In this study, we evaluated anti-inflammatory activity of leaves of Fumaria parviflora (F. parviflora) and underlying mechanisms by using in vivo models of inflammation.Material and Methods: Albino Wistar rats of either sex weighing 150 - 200 g were used. Soxhlet ethanol and aqueous extracts of leaves of F. parviflora (EFP and AFP) were prepared. The anti-inflammatory activity was studied using carrageenan-induced paw edema method and cotton pellet granuloma method. Levels of cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1 and activity of antioxidant enzymes including catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were estimated.Results: Leaves of F. parviflora demonstrated significant (p<0.001) decrease in paw edema in carrageenan-induced paw edema method. It diminished the serum tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-6 and IL-1 levels and also significantly attenuated the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The activity of CAT and GPx was increased in paw tissue. It also demonstrated significant decrease in granuloma formation in cotton pellet-induced granuloma method.Conclusion: Leaves of F. parviflora possess anti-inflammatory activity as they inhibit various cytokines and have antioxidant effects and free radical scavenging activity.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_6955_1ebb91289ebe79b9148970e3ef5a2884.pdf
2017-01-01
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10.22038/ajp.2016.6955
Fumeria
Carrageenan
Cytokines
Antioxidant
Anti-inflammatory
Waseem
Rizvi
waseemnakhat@gmail.com
1
Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad
Fayazuddin
drmdfayazuddin@yahoo.com
2
Department of Pharmacology, Raichur Institute of Medical Sciences, Raichur, 584101, India
AUTHOR
Ompal
Singh
ompalchem@gmail.com
3
Chemical Research Unit, Department of research in Unani Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
AUTHOR
Shariq
Naeem
syedshariq1@gmail.com
4
Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
AUTHOR
Shagufta
Moin
shagufta.moin@yahoo.com
5
Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
AUTHOR
Kafil
Akhtar
drkafilakhtar@yahoo.com
6
Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
AUTHOR
Anil
Kumar
drakumar10@gmail.com
7
Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
AUTHOR
Amin GH. 1991. Popular Medical Plants of Iran: Farhang Publication, Tehran, pp. 51-2.
1
Armstrong D, Browne R.1994. The analysis of free radicals, lipid peroxides, antioxidant enzymes and compounds related to oxidative stress as applied to the clinical chemistry laboratory. Adv Exp Med Biol, 366: 43-58.
2
Bignotto L, Rocha J, Sepodes B, et al. 2009. Anti-inflammatory effect of lycopene on carrageenan-induced paw oedema and hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion in the rat. Br J Nutr, 102: 126-33.
3
Chang CT, Huang SS, Lin SS. 2011. Anti-inflammatory activities of tormentic acid from suspension cells of Eriobotrya japonica ex vivo and in vivo. Food Chem, 127: 1131–7.
4
Chaturvedi P. 2008. Inhibitory response of Raphanus sativus on lipid peroxidation in albino rats. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 5: 55-9.
5
Dawson J, Sedgwick AD, Edwards JC, et al. 1991. A comparative study of the cellular, exudative and histological responses to carrageenan, dextran and zymosan in the mouse. Int J Tissue React,13:171-85.
6
Gilani AH, Janbas KH, Akhtar MS. 1996. Selective effect of an extract from Fumaria parviflora on paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity. Gen Pharmacol, 27; 979-983.
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11
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13
Jowkar F, Jamshidzadeh A, MirzadehYazdi A et al. 2011. The effects of Fumaria parviflora extract on chronic hand eczema: A randomized double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial. Iran Red Crescent Med J, 11: 824-828.
14
Lee YM, Seon MR, Cho HJ, et al. 2009. Benzyl isothiocyanate exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in murine macrophages and in mouse skin. J Mol Med, 87:1251-1261.
15
Liao CH, Guo SJ, Lin JY. 2011. Characterisation of the chemical composition and in vitro anti-inflammation assessment of a novel lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn) plumulepolysaccharide. Food Chem, 125: 930-935.
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Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, et al. 1951. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem, 193: 265–267.
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Naz I, Palomares-Rius JE, Blok SV, et al. 2013. In vitro and in plantanematicidal activity of Fumaria parviflora (Fumariaceae) against the southern root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Plant Pathol, 62: 943-952.
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19
Orhan I, Sener B, Musharraf SG. 2010. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity appraisal of four selected Fumaria species and their total phenol and flavonoid quantities. Exp Toxicol Pathol, 64: 205–209.
20
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21
Raj Narayana K, Sripal Reddy K, Chaluvadi MR, et al. 2001. Bioflavonoids Classification, Pharmacological, Biochemical Effects and Therapeutic Potential. India J Pharmacol, 33: 2-1.
22
Rao CV, Verma AR, Gupta PK, et al. 2007. Anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of Fumaria indica whole plant extract in experimental animals. Acta Pharm, 57: 491-498.
23
Sousek J, Vavreckova C, Psotova J, et al. 1999. Antioxidant and antilipoperoxidant activities of alkaloid and phenolic extracts of eight Fumaria species.Acta Hort, 501: 239-44.
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Swingle KF, Shideman FE. 1972. Phases of the inflammatory response to subcutaneous implantation of a cotton pellet and their modification by certain anti-inflammatory agents. J Pharmacol Exp Therap, 13: 226–34.
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Vinegar R, Schreiber W, Hugo R. 1969. Biphasic development of carrageenin edema in rats. J Pharmacol Exp, 166: 96–103.
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28
Zargari A. 1989. Medicinal Plants. Tehran University Publication, Tehran, pp.170-71.
29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Protective effect of pomegranate seed oil against H2O2 -induced oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes
Objective: It has been well documented that oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac diseases. Previous studies have shown that pomegranate seed oil (PSO) has antioxidant properties. This study was designed to investigate probable protective effects of PSO against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced damage in H9c2 cardiomyocytes.Materials and Methods: The cells were pretreated 24 hr with PSO 1 hr before exposure to 200 µM H2O2. Cell viability was evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation were measured by fluorimetric methods.Results: H2O2 significantly decreased cell viability which was accompanied by an increase in ROS production and lipid peroxidation and a decline in superoxide dismutase activity. Pretreatment with PSO increased viability of cardiomyocytes and decrease the elevated ROS production and lipid peroxidation. Also, PSO was able to restore superoxide dismutase activity.Conclusion: PSO has protective effect against oxidative stress-induced damage in cardiomyocytes and can be considered as a natural cardioprotective agent to prevent cardiovascular diseases.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_6919_8d9899b76795fba6a74a7edd691ce14c.pdf
2017-01-01
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10.22038/ajp.2016.6919
Pomegranate seed oil
H9C2 cells
ROS
SOD
Oxidative stress
Mehdi
Bihamta
bihamtamt@yahoo.com
1
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Azar
Hosseini
hoseiniaz@mums.ac.ir
2
Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Ahmad
Ghorbani
ghorbania@mums.ac.ir
3
Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Taher
Boroushaki
boroushakimt@mums.ac.ir
4
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Balasundram N, Sundram K, Samman S. 2006. Phenolic compounds in plants and agri-industrialby-roducts: antioxidant activity, occurrence and potential uses. Food Chem, 99: 191-203.
1
Boroushaki MT, Arshadi D, Jalili-Rasti H, Asadpour E, Hosseini A. 2013. Protective Effect of Pomegranate Seed Oil Against Acute Toxicity of Diazinon in Rat Kidney. Iran J Pharmaceutic Res, 12: 821-827.
2
Boroushaki MT, Mollazadeh H, Rajabian A, Dolati K, Hoseini A, Paseban M and Farzadnia M. 2014. Protective effect of pomegranate seed oil against mercuric chloride-induced nephrotoxicity in rat. Ren Fail, 36: 1581-6.
3
Bouroshaki MT, Sadeghnia HR, Banihasan M, Yavari S. 2010. Protective effect of pomegranate seed oil on hexachlorobutadiene-induced nephrotoxicity in rat kidneys. Ren Fail, 32: 612-617.
4
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Sadeghnia HR, Yousefsani BS, Rashidfar M, Boroushaki MT, Assadpour E, Ghorbani A. 2013.Protective effect of rutin on hexachlorobutadiene-induced nephrotoxicity. Ren Fail, 35: 1151-1155.
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37
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38
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Ginger extract modulates the expression of IL-12 and TGF-β in the central nervous system and serum of mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Objective: The main function of IL-12 is differentiation of naive T cells intoTh1 cells and TGF-β is a powerful immunoregulatory cytokine. The immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of ginger have also been reported in some studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ginger extract on the expression of IL-12 and TGF-β in a model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).Materials and Methods: EAE was induced in C57BL/6 mice by immunization with myelin oligodendroglial glycoprotein emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant. The mice were administered intra-peritoneally with ginger extracts or PBS, from day +3 to +30. On day 31, mice were scarified and the expression of IL-12 and TGF-β mRNA in the spinal cord were determined by using real time-PCR. The serum levels of cytokines were measured by ELISA.Results: In PBS-treated EAE mice, the expression of IL-12 P35 and IL-12 P40 mRNA in the CNS and the mean serum levels of IL-12 were significantly higher than those of healthy group (p<0.001). In ginger-treated EAE mice, the expression of IL-12 mRNA and its serum levels were significantly lower as compared to PBS-treated EAE mice. No significant difference was observed between PBS-treated EAE mice and healthy group regarding the expression of TGF-β mRNA. In ginger (300 mg/kg)-treated EAE group, the expression of TGF-β mRNA and its serum levels were significantly higher in comparison to PBS-treated EAE mice (p Conclusion: These results indicated that ginger extract modulates the expression of IL-12 and TGF-β in CNS and serum of EAE mice.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_7002_50da80e49bdef5d61dd0775c35f6c009.pdf
2017-01-01
54
65
10.22038/ajp.2016.7002
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
ginger
IL-12
TGF-β
Serum
Abdollah
Jafarzadeh
jafarzadeh14@yahoo.com
1
Department of Immunology, Medical School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Rayhane
Ahangar-Parvin
rparvin92@yahoo.com
2
Department of Immunology, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
AUTHOR
Maryam
Nemati
nemati_m22@yahoo.com
3
Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Zahra
Taghipour
taghipourz@yahoo.com
4
Department of Histology, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Shamsizadeh
alishamsy@gmail.com
5
Department of Physiology, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
AUTHOR
Fatemeh
Ayoobi
ayoobi_fatemeh@yahoo.com
6
Department of Physiology, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
AUTHOR
Zuhair
Hassan
hassan_zm@yahoo.co.uk
7
Department of Immunology, Medical School, Tarbiat Moddares University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Ahui MLB, Champy P, Ramadan A, Pham Van L, Araujo L, Brou André K, Diem S, Damotte D, Kati-Coulibaly S, Offoumou MA, Dy M, Thieblemont N, Herbelin A. 2008. Ginger prevents Th2-mediated immune responses in a mouse model of airway inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol, 8: 1626-1632.
1
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Jafarzadeh A, Mohammadi-Kordkhayli M, Ahangar-Parvin R, Azizi V, Khoramdel-Azad H, Shamsizadeh A, Ayoobi A, Nemati M, Hassan ZM, Moazeni SM, Khaksari M. 2014c. Ginger extracts influence the expression of IL-27 and IL-33 in the central nervous system in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and ameliorates the clinical symptoms of disease. J Neuroimmunol, 276: 80-88.
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Kroenke MA, Carlson TJ, Andjelkovic AV, Segal BM. 2008. IL-12- and IL-23-modulated T cells induce distinct types of EAE based on histology, CNS chemokine profile, and response to cytokine inhibition. J Exp Med, 205: 1535-1541.
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22
Lee LF, Axtell R, Tu GH, Logronio K, Dilley J, Yu J, Rickert M, Han B, Evering W, Walker MG, Shi J, de Jong BA, Killestein J, Polman CH, Steinman L, Lin JC. 2011. IL-7 promotes T(H)1 development and serum IL-7 predicts clinical response to interferon-beta in multiple sclerosis. Sci Transl Med, 3: 93ra68.
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Liu X, Leung S, Wang C, Tan Z, Wang J, Guo TB, Fang L, Zhao Y, Wan B, Qin X, Lu L, Li R, Pan H, Song M, Liu A, Hong J, Lu H, Zhang JZ. 2010. Crucial role of interleukin-7 in T helper type 17 survival and expansion in autoimmune disease. Nat Med, 16: 191-197.
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Lu P, Wang M, Zheng P, Hou J, Zhang Y, Deng Y, Cao Y. 2014. Th17/Treg unbalance is involved in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Xi Bao Yufen ZI Mian YI Xue Za Zhi, 30: 1013-1017.
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Priya Rani M, Padmakumari K, Sankarikutty B, LijoCherian O, Nisha V, Raghu K. 2011. Inhibitory potential of ginger extracts against enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes, inflammation and induced oxidative stress. Int J Food Sci Nutr, 62: 106-110.
31
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42
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43
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Cytotoxic and apoptogenic effects of Bryonia aspera root extract against Hela and HN-5 cancer cell lines
Objective: Bryonia aspera (Stev. ex Ledeb) is a plant that grows in northeast of Iran. In the present study, cytotoxic and apoptogenic properties of B. aspera root extract was determined against HN-5(head and neck squamous cell carcinoma) and Hela (cervix adenocarcinoma) cell lines. Materials and Methods: HN-5 and Hela cell lines were cultured in DMEM medium and incubated with different concentrations of B. aspera root extract. Cell viability was quantitated by MTT assay and the optical absorbance was measured at 570 nm (620 nm as the reference) by an ELISA reader, in each experiment. Apoptotic cells were assessed using PI staining of DNA fragmentation by flow cytometry (sub-G1 peak). The B. aspera inhibited 50% growth (IC50) of Hela and HN-5 cell lines at 100±28 μg/ml and 12.5±4 μg/ml, respectively after 48 hr of incubation. Results: Cell viability assay showed that inhibitory effects of B. aspera were time and dose-dependent in both cell lines, which were consistent with morphological changes, observed under light microscope. Apoptosis was investigated by flow cytometry in which percentage of apoptotic cells increased in a dose and time-dependent manner. Conclusion: Based on our data, B. aspera has cytotoxic effects in which apoptosis played an important role. Further evaluations are needed to assess the possible anti-tumor properties of this plant.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_6352_ac9af838b64f3047489b94c8ce708c1c.pdf
2017-01-01
66
72
10.22038/ajp.2016.6352
Apoptosis
Bryonia aspera
Cancer
Cytotoxicity
Solmaz
Pourgonabadi
pourgonabadip891@mums.ac.ir
1
Department of Pharmacology, School of medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Sadegh
Amiri
amiriherb@gmail.com
2
Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, 193953697- Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Seyed Hadi
Mousavi
mousavih@mums.ac.ir
3
Department of Pharmacology, School of medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Cooper EL. 2004. Drug discovery, CAM and natural products. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 3: 215.
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Coope EL. 2005. CAM, eCAM, bioprospecting: the 21st century pyramid. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2: 125-127.
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4
Forastiere A, Koch W, Trotti A, Sidransky D. 2001.Head and neck cancer. N Engl J Med, 345: 1890-1900.
5
Ghorbani A. 2005. Studies on pharmaceutical ethnobotany in the region of Turkmen Sahra, north of Iran :( Part 1): General results. J Ethnopharmacol, 102: 58-68.
6
Green DR, Reed JC. 1998. Mitochondria and apoptosis. Science, 281: 1309–1312.
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9
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Sahranavard S, Naghibi F, Ghffari S. 2012. Cytotoxic activity of extracts and pure compounds of Bryonia aspera. Int J Pharm Pharmaceut Sci, 4: 541-543.
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Sharifi AM, Mousavi SH, Bakhshayesh M, Khakinegad Tehrani F, Mahmoudian M, Oryan S. 2005. Study of correlation between lead-induced cytotoxicity and nitric oxide production in PC12 cells. Toxicol Lett, 160: 43–48.
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Stewart BW, KleihuesP,editors. 2003. Cancer facts and figures. In World Health Organization; World cancer report. London. IACRPress.
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Song SY, Lee I, Park C, Lee H, Hahm JC, Kang W K. 2005. Neolignans from Saururuschinens is inhibit PC-3 prostate cancer cell growth via apoptosis and senescence-like mechanisms. Int J Mol Med, 16: 517–523.
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Tabrizi AD, Alizadeh M, Sayyah Melli M, Jafari M, Madarek E. 2006. Incidence rate of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions in East Azarbayjan, Iran. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol, 2: 87–90.
18
Taraphdar AK, Roy M, Bhattacharya RK. 2001. Natural products as inducers of apoptosis: Implication for cancer therapy and prevention. Curr Sci, 80:1387–1396.
19
Tsao JCI, Zeltzer LK. 2005. Complementary and alternative medicine approaches for pediatric pain: a review of the state-of-the-science. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2:149–159.
20
Zhang XD, Franco A, Myers K, Gray C, Nguyen T, Hersey P.1999. Relation of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptor and FLICE-inhibitory protein expression to TRAIL-induced apoptosis of melanoma. Cancer Res, 59: 2747–2753.
21
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Antinociceptive effect of extracts of Marrubium astracanicum Jacq. aerial parts
Objective: The genus Marrubium is used for treatment of joint pain, gout, stomach-ache and colic in Iranian Traditional Medicine. Marrubium astracanicum Jacq. (M. astracanicum) is a native species in the flora of Iran. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antinociceptive properties of various extracts of aerial parts of M. astracanicum.Materials and Methods: Antinociceptive activities of total hydroalcoholic extract (THE) and its n-hexane (non-polar) and residual partition (polar) fractions were analyzed using formalin test in mice. Morphine (5 mg/kg) and normal saline were used as positive and negative controls, respectively.Results: Intraperitoneal administration of THE (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg), non-polar fraction (200 mg/kg) and polar fraction (100 and 200 mg/kg), 30 min before formalin injection, caused significant analgesic activity in acute phase (0-5 min after formalin injection) of formalin test (p0.05 in comparison with morphine). In chronic phase (15–60 min after formalin injection), non-polar and polar fractions (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) showed significant analgesic activity (p0.05 in comparison with morphine).Conclusion: Different extracts of M. astracanicum demonstrated antinociceptive activity that support the traditional usage of Marrubium genus for the treatment of arthritis, gout and other inflammatory diseases.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_7073_99ed75e0ba13f29aed48fadd9603f491.pdf
2017-01-01
73
79
10.22038/ajp.2016.7073
Marrubium astracanicum
Pain measurment
Analgesic
Niloofar
Kahkeshani
n-kahkeshani@razi.tums.ac.ir
1
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Milad
Gharedaghi
niloofar6767@yahoo.com
2
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Abbas
Hadjiakhoondi
abbhadji@gmail.com
3
Departments of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Sharifzadeh
msharifzadeh@sina.tums.ac.ir
4
Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahnaz
Khanavi
khanavim@sina.tums.ac.ir
5
Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, B.C., Canada
LEAD_AUTHOR
De Jesus RAP, Cechinel-Filho V, Oliveira AE, V Schlemper. 1999. Analysis of the antinociceptive properties of marrubiin isolated from Marrubium vulgare. Phytomedicine, 7: 111-115.
1
De Souza MM, de Jesus RAP, Cechinel-Filho V, Schlemper V. 1998. Analgesic profile of hydroalcoholic extract obtained from Marrubium vulgare. Phytomedicine, 5: 103-107.
2
Enomoto SH, Okada Y, Guvenc A, Erdurak CS, Coskun M¸ Okuyama T. 2004. Inhibitory effect of traditional Turkish folk medicines on aldose reductase (AR) and hematological activity, and on AR inhibitory activity of Quercetin-3-O-methyl ether isolated from Cistus laurifolius L. Biol Pharm Bull, 27: 1140-1143.
3
Harborne AJ. 1998. Phytochemical methods: aguide to modern techniques of plant analysis, pp. 4-31, London, Chapman and Hall.
4
Ilda A, Tanaka Y, Mihara T, Tabata M, Honda G, Shingu T, Takeda Y, Takishi Y, Yesilada E, Sezik E, Fujita T. 1995. Marrubinones A and B, new labdane diterpenoids from Marrubium astracanicum (Labiatea). Chem Pharm Bull, 43: 1454-1457.
5
Jamzad Z. 2015. Flora of Iran, pp. 400-405, Tehran, Research Institute of Forests and Ragelands Publication.
6
Javidnia K, Miri R, Soltani M, Khosravi AR. 2007. Constituents of the essential oil of Marrubium astracanicum Jacq. from Iran. J Essent Oil Res, 19: 559-561.
7
Khanavi M, Delnavazi MR, Nikoui V, Ostadhadi S, Bakhtiarian A. 2012. Evaluation of analgesic effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Marrubium parviflorum by formalin test in mice. Asian J Plant Sci, 11: 96-99.
8
Kunduhoglu B, Pilatin S, Caliskan F. 2011. Antimicrobial screening of some medicinal plants collected from Eskisehir, Turkey. Fresen Environ Bull, 20: 945-952.
9
Mahdizadeh SH, Khaleghi Ghadiri M, Gorji A. 2015. Avicenna's Canon of Medicine: a review of analgesics and anti-inflammatory substances. Avicenna J Phytomed, 5: 182-202.
10
Meyre-Silva A, Yunes RA, Schlemper V, Campos-Buzzi F, Cechinel-Filho V. 2005. Analgesic potential of marrubiin derivatives, a bioactive diterpene present in Marrubium vulgare (Lamiaceae). Farmaco, 60: 321-326.
11
Meyre-Silva CH and Cechinel-Filho V. 2010. A review of the chemical and pharmacological aspects of the genus Marrubium. Curr Pharm Des, 16: 3503-3518.
12
Morteza-Semnani K, Saeedi M. The essential oil of Marrubium astracanicum Jacq. from Iran. 2004. J Essent Oil Res, 7: 239-242.
13
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14
Nik ZB, Mirza M. Composition of the essential oil of Marrubium astracanicum Jacq. 2003. J Essent Oil Res, 15: 342-343.
15
Rigano D, Grassia A, Borrelli F, Aviello G, Piozzi F, Bruno M, Arnold NA, Capasso R, Senatore F. 2006. Phytochemical and pharmacological studies on the acetonic extract of Marrubium globosum ssp. libanoticum. Planta Med, 72: 575-578.
16
Sahpaz S, Garbacki N, Tits M, Bailleul F. 2002. Isolation and pharmacological activity of phenylpropanoid esters from Marrubium vulgare. J Ethnopharmacol, 79: 389-392.
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19
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20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
In vitro and in vivo antioxidant potentials of Alchornea floribunda leaf extract, fractions and isolated bioactive compounds
Objective: Alchornea floribunda leaves are widely used in ethnomedicine for the management of immuno-inflammatory disorders. We investigated the in vivo and in vitro antioxidant activity of the leaf extract, fractions and isolated compounds of A. floribunda.Materials and Methods: The ethyl acetate fraction of the methanol leaf extract was subjected to several chromatographic separations to isolate compounds 1-4. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by a combination of 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectrometry. Oxidative stress was induced with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Further analysis on the isolated phenolic compounds were done using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity tests.Results: The ethyl acetate fraction at 200 mg/kg produced significant (p<0.05) elevations of catalase enzyme activity and a significant (p<0.05) reduction in serum malondialdehyde. The chemical investigation of the ethyl acetate fraction led to the isolation of three flavans, (-) cathechin (1), (-) epicathechin (2), (+) epicathechin (3) and a flavanone, 2R, 3R dihydroquercitin (4). In hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay, (-) epicathechin exhibited an EC50 value of 8 μg/ml, similar to the standard ascorbic acid (EC50 = 8 μg/ml). (-) epicathechin showed scavenging of DPPH radical with EC50 value of 19 μg/ml while in the FRAP assay, it had EC50 value of 46 μg/ml which was lower than that of the standard, ascobic acid (EC50 = 66 μg/ml).Conclusion: The medicinal uses of A. floribunda may be due to the antioxidant activities of its phenolic compounds.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_7003_aae74e1b8a5770c36424430c938de160.pdf
2017-01-01
80
92
10.22038/ajp.2016.7003
Alchornea floribunda
Antioxidant activity
Flavans
Flavanone
Daniel
Lotanna Ajaghaku
danlotaaja@yahoo.com
1
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
AUTHOR
Okechukwu
Obasi
oketic2003@gmail.com
2
Department of Pharmaceutical and medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
AUTHOR
Blessing
Ogechukwu Umeokoli
blessingumeokoli@gmail.com
3
Department of Pharmaceutical and medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
AUTHOR
Peter
Ogbuatu
bettynchrist4me@yahoo.com
4
Department of Pharmaceutical and medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
AUTHOR
Chukwuemeka
Sylvester Nworu
csnworu@yahoo.com
5
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
AUTHOR
Emmanuel
Emeka Ilodigwe
eilodigwe7@gmail.com
6
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
AUTHOR
Festus
Basden Chiedu Okoye
basdenc@yahoo.com
7
Department of Pharmaceutical and medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
LEAD_AUTHOR
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49
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Antinociceptive action of Vanillosmopsis arborea in male mice
Objective: Vanillosmopsis arborea Baker (Asteraceae) has high economic value from Chapada to Araripe and its bark essential oil is a potential source of alpha-bisabolol. The present study aimed to elucidate the antinociceptive and antipruritic properties of the essential oil of V. arborea Baker (EOVA) in mice. Materials and Methods: The antinociceptive activity was assessed using the capsaicin, glutamate, hot plate and cold allodynia tests. The antipuritic effects were also verified based on histamine-induced scratching behavior. Results: EOVA reduced the paw licking induced by capsaicin, but not that induced by glutamate. The essential oil increased the latency time in the hot plate, attenuated the cold allodynia induced by acetone and inhibited histamine-induced scratching behavior. Conclusion: The experimental data demonstrated that EOVA showed central and peripheral antinociceptive activity and antipruritic effect.
https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_6956_30a9b354a4bf61e32ca4d7427aeb3bf1.pdf
2017-01-01
93
98
10.22038/ajp.2016.6956
Vanillosmopsis arborea
Essential oil
Antinociceptive
Antipruritic
Laura
Inocencio Leite
laurahevila@yahoo.com.br
1
Department of Biology at the Federal University of Cariri, Brejo Santo – CE, Brazil
LEAD_AUTHOR
Gerlânia de Oliveira
Leite
gerlanialeite@yahoo.com.br
2
Department of Pharmacology, University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria- RS, Brazil
AUTHOR
Bruno Anderson
Fernandes Silva
brunoskarllet2@gmail.com
3
Department of Chemical Biological at the Regional University of Cariri, Crato – CE, Brazil
AUTHOR
Severino Denício Gonçalves
Sousa
deniciobio@gmail.com
4
Department of Chemical Biological at the Regional University of Cariri, Crato – CE, Brazil
AUTHOR
Thales
Coutinho
thales_scoutinho@hotmail.com
5
Department of Chemical Biological at the Regional University of Cariri, Crato – CE, Brazil
AUTHOR
Renata
Sampaio
re.natinhasampaio@hotmail.com
6
Department of Chemical Biological at the Regional University of Cariri, Crato – CE, Brazil
AUTHOR
Irwin
Menezes
irwinalencar@yahoo.com.br
7
Department of Chemical Biological at the Regional University of Cariri, Crato – CE, Brazil
AUTHOR
José Galberto
Martins Costa
galberto.martins@gmail.com
8
Department of Chemical Biological at the Regional University of Cariri, Crato – CE, Brazil
AUTHOR
Adriana
Campos
adrirolim@yahoo.com.br
9
Department of Fharmacology at the University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza – CE, Brazil
AUTHOR
Baron R, Binder A, Wasner G. 2010. Neuropathic pain: diagnosis, pathophysiological mechanisms, and treatment. Lancet Neurol, 9: 807–819.
1
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