@article { author = {Sadeghi, Zahra and Akaberi, Maryam and Valizadeh, Jafar}, title = {Otostegia persica (Lamiaceae): A review on its ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and pharmacology}, journal = {Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine}, volume = {4}, number = {2}, pages = {79-88}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7930}, eissn = {2228-7949}, doi = {10.22038/ajp.2014.2161}, abstract = {Abstract Objective: The current study summarizes the updated information concerning the ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, and pharmacology of Otostegia persica Boiss. (Lamiaceae), an endemic medicinal plant in south and southeast of Iran. Materials and Methods: Information was collected through bibliographic investigation from scientific journals, books, theses, reports, and electronic search (databases SCOPUS, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Science Direct). Moreover, documentation from unpublished resources and ethnobotanical surveys has been used. The present review covers the literature available from 2003 to 2013. Results: In traditional systems of medicine, this plant is reputed for treating diabetes, arthritis, gastric discomfort, headache, rheumatism, sedative activities, regulating blood pressure, and hyperlipidemia. Phytochemical screening of active components and mineral element evaluation of this species have been reported. Several types of diterpenoids and flavonols including morin, kaempferol, and quercetin are identified from the plant. Most of the pharmacological activity of this plant resides in its flavonoid fraction which causes antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Various pharmacological studies on O. persica show antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-aphid, and hepatoprotective activities. Conclusion: Being an endemic plant of Iran, this species is an important medicinal herb which can be used for various purposes. This review might be helpful for scientists and researchers to find new chemical entities responsible for its claimed traditional uses and discover new lead compounds for diseases mentioned.}, keywords = {Otostegia,Pharmacology,Phytochemistry,Toxicity,Therapeutics,Traditional Medicine}, url = {https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_2161.html}, eprint = {https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_2161_9e5779fd4a4ab6f8eb80501572f77ac9.pdf} } @article { author = {Sulaiman, Cheruthazhakkat and Geetha, Sivadasan Pillai and Indira, Balachandran}, title = {Identification of phenolic antioxidants in Ipomoea mauritiana jacq. using spectrophotometric and mass spectroscopic studies}, journal = {Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine}, volume = {4}, number = {2}, pages = {89-96}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7930}, eissn = {2228-7949}, doi = {10.22038/ajp.2014.1104}, abstract = {Objective: Ipomoea mauritiana is used in both Ayurveda and folk medicine systems. The tuberous roots are known to be diuretic, depurative, carminative, and anthelmintic. The objective of the current study was to identify phenolic antioxidants from I. mauritiana using spectrophotometric and LC-MS analysis. Materials and Methods: An activity-guided fractionation and purification process was used to identify the antioxidative components from I. mauritiana tuber. Dried mature tubers of I. mauritiana were extracted with 80% methanol and then partitioned by chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol. The acetone fraction showed the strongest 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity among four fractions and was subjected to separation and purification using preparative reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: Two compounds were separated from the acetone fraction using preparative LC fraction collector. The purified compounds were screened for their antioxidative potential using DPPH assay. The compounds were subjected to LC-MS analysis in ESI negative mode. One of the compounds was identified as Caffeoyl glucose based on the mass fragmentation. Conclusion: The acetone fraction showed highest radical scavenging activity and the phytoconstituents of the same were identified by LC-MS/MS analysis.}, keywords = {Ipomoea mauritiana,Phenolics,DPPH,LC-ESI-MS}, url = {https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_1104.html}, eprint = {https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_1104_d2642c095162fe73fde6fc3d0407a676.pdf} } @article { author = {Hossain, Md. Delowar and Sarwar, Md. Shahid and Rahman Dewan, Syed Masudur and Hossain, Md. Shohel and Shahid-Ud-Daula, A. F. M. and Safiqul Islam, Mohammad}, title = {Investigation of total phenolic content and antioxidant activities of Azadirachta indica roots}, journal = {Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine}, volume = {4}, number = {2}, pages = {97-102}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7930}, eissn = {2228-7949}, doi = {10.22038/ajp.2014.749}, abstract = {Objective: The present study was an attempt to study total phenolic content and antioxidant property of the crude ethanolic extract of the roots of Azadirachta indica (A. indica). Materials and Methods: To evaluate the antioxidant properties of the crude extract, some complementary test systems, namely DPPH free radical scavenging assay, reducing power assay, and ferrous ion chelating ability and determination of total phenolic content were conducted. Results: In DPPH free radical scavenging test, IC50 value of the crude extract was found to be fairly significant (13.81±0.06 μg/ml) while compared with that of the reference standards, ascorbic acid and BHA (2.12±0.02 and 4.87±0.05 μg/ml, respectively). In reducing power assay, the maximum absorbance for the extract was found to be 1.523 ±0.026 at 100 μg/ml compared with standard ascorbic acid and BHA (2.811±0.013 μg/ml and 2.031±0.019 μg/ml, respectively). The IC50 value of the extract as percentage of Fe++ ion chelating ability was determined as 19.01±0.024 μg/ml where EDTA showed 8.87±0.035 μg/ml. The total phenolic amount was also calculated quite high in the extract (238.81±0.98 mg/g of gallic acid equivalent). Conclusion: The assays showed the presence of significant antioxidant properties of the crude sample, which would justify its traditional use. However, it would be very interesting to investigate the possible causes and their mechanisms responsible for the antioxidant property of the plant A. indica.  }, keywords = {Azadirachta indica,Antioxidant,Activities DPPH Free Radical Scavenging,Total Penolic Content}, url = {https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_749.html}, eprint = {https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_749_a16696866fbe577364506cdd0d558127.pdf} } @article { author = {Babaei, Atefeh and Arshami, Javd and Haghparast, Alireza and Daneshmesgharan, Mohsen}, title = {Effects of saffron (Crocus sativus) petal ethanolic extract on hematology, antibody response, and spleen histology in rats}, journal = {Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine}, volume = {4}, number = {2}, pages = {103-109}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7930}, eissn = {2228-7949}, doi = {10.22038/ajp.2014.1912}, abstract = {Objective: Saffron petal is a by-product that contains flavonoids and anthocyanins. In order to study the effects of saffron petal extract (SPE) on blood parameters, immune system, and spleen histology, five treatments (n=6) were used in a completely randomized design. Materials and Methods: The treatments were 0, 75, 150, 225, and 450 mg/kg body weight of SPE. The SPE was injected intraperitoneally to 30 rats (10-week old, weighing 225±15 g) for 14 days. Immunization was performed using 1×108 sheep red blood cells (SRBC) on days 0 and 7 subcutaneously in all treatment groups. On day 15, blood was collected from the heart of rats after anesthesia. One part of samples were poured in heparinized tubes for counting whole blood cells (CBC) and different white blood cells (WBC) and the other part was used to measure IgG using ELISA technique. The spleen was stained by hematoxylin- eosin for histological study. The data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA program and the means evaluation was done using Tukey’s test. Results are presented as mean±SD. Results: Results showed no significant difference between treatments and control group regarding the amount of RBC, HGB, HCT, and PLT. The level of IgG at 75 mg/kg was significantly increased in comparison with other groups. No changes were observed in spleen histology. Conclusion: The results indicate that use of SPE at dose of 75 mg/kg causes an increase in antibody response without any change in hematological parameters and spleen histology.}, keywords = {Hematology,Immune system,Rat,Saffron petal extract}, url = {https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_1912.html}, eprint = {https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_1912_0b165242fd9399503faec3513799b63e.pdf} } @article { author = {Sadrefozalayi, Somayyeh and Farokhi, Farah}, title = {Effect of the aqueous extract of Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) on the kidney in experimental PCOS female rats}, journal = {Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine}, volume = {4}, number = {2}, pages = {110-117}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7930}, eissn = {2228-7949}, doi = {10.22038/ajp.2014.1824}, abstract = {Objective: Foeniculum vulgare seed (F. vulgare) is a herbal plant which is used with phytoestrogene compounds for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) treatment. In this research, renoprotective effect of the aqueous extract of Foeniculum vulgare (AEF) in experimental PCOS female rats is studied. Materials and Methods: Forty female rats were randomly divided into five groups. The first group served as control,was injected with an equivalent volume (0.2 ml) of normal saline, and received normal diet. Animals in the second group were non poly cystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) rats which were treated with intragastric administration of aqueous extract of F. vulgare (150 mg/kg b.w.). In the third group, the rats were treated with intraperitoneal injection of estradiolvalerate (EV) (4 mg in 0.2 ml of sesame oil). The fourth groups were treated with EV and AEF (150mg/kg bw) with the same route.  The fifth groups were treated with EV and AEF (100mg/kg bw). After 4 weeks of study, all of the rats were sacrificed, their kidneys tissues were processed for light microscopy, and some biochemical parameters of serum were measured. Results: The mean values of blood urea nitrogen in PCOS rats treated with low dose of AEF and EV and non-treated, was significantly (p<0.05) increased compared with non-PCOS and PCOS rats treated with high dose of AEF. Moreover, histopathological changes of kidney samples were comparable in PCOS rats with respect to treated groups with AEF. Conclusion: Aqueous extract of fennel seed showed the beneficial effect (especially at dose of 150 mg/kg b.w.) on renal function in PCOS rats.}, keywords = {Estradiol-Valerate,Foeniculum vulgare,Kidney,Rat}, url = {https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_1824.html}, eprint = {https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_1824_6ed88551a54a829cd0568120d8015606.pdf} } @article { author = {Khaksari, Mohammad and Ahmadi, Mohsen and Najafipour, Hamid and Shahrokhi, Nader}, title = {Effect of Bunium persicum aqueous extract plus endurance exercise on cardiorespiratory capacity and serum lipid profile}, journal = {Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine}, volume = {4}, number = {2}, pages = {118-126}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7930}, eissn = {2228-7949}, doi = {10.22038/ajp.2014.2074}, abstract = {Objective(s): We examined the effects of endurance exercise in the presence of Bunium persicum extract administration on lipid profile and cardiorespiratory capacity in hypercholesterolemic male mice. Materials and Methods: Forty male hypercholesterolemic mice were divided into four groups: Vehicle, Endurance exercise (EE), Bunium persicum extract (BPE), and EE + BPE. The exercise protocol was performed at a speed of 18 m/min, 40 min/day, and 5 days/week for 6 weeks. The BPE was administered orally by a dose of 20 mg/Kg/day. Results: The results indicated that the 6-week endurance training accompanied by Bunium Persicum extract administration increased cardiorespiratory capacity significantly (601±39 vs. 293±20 meters, p<0.001). Total cholesterol level was significantly reduced in EE + BPE compared with Vehicle and EE groups (p<0.05). LDL-c was lower in EE + BPE compared with the Vehicle (p<0.01). HDL-c in BPE and EE + BPE groups was significantly higher than Vehicle (pConclusion: The results suggested that Bunium persicum extract is very useful in improvement of lipid profile in hypercholesterolemic animals. Supplementation of the extractto exercise significantly increased the cardiorespiratory capacity.}, keywords = {Bunium persicum extract,Cardiorespiratory capacity,Endurance Exercise,Hypercholesterolemia,lipid profile}, url = {https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_2074.html}, eprint = {https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_2074_3a963936a180a49fd40f30f7dfcf6a2e.pdf} } @article { author = {Minaiyan, Mohsen and Asghari, Gholamreza and Taheri, Diana and Saeidi, Mozhgan and Nasr-Esfahani, Salar}, title = {Anti-inflammatory effect of Moringa oleifera Lam. seeds on acetic acid-induced acute colitis in rats}, journal = {Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine}, volume = {4}, number = {2}, pages = {127-136}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7930}, eissn = {2228-7949}, doi = {10.22038/ajp.2014.1072}, abstract = {Objective: Anti-inflammatory, immuno-modulatory, and antioxidant properties of Moringa oleifera Lam. suggest that it might have beneficial effects on colitis. The present study was performed to investigate the anticolitis effect of Moringa oleifera seeds hydro-alcoholic extract (MSHE) and its chloroform fraction (MCF) on acetic acid-induced colitis in rats. Materials and Methods: Both MSHE and MCF with three increasing doses (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) were administered orally to separate groups of male Wistar rats, 2 h before ulcer induction (using acetic acid 4%) and continued for 5 days. Prednisolone (4 mg/kg) and normal saline (1 ml/kg) were used in reference and control groups, respectively. All rats were sacrificed 24 h after the last dose (at day 6) and tissue injuries were assessed macroscopically and pathologically. Results: Extracts with three doses mentioned before were effective to reduce weight of distal colon (8 cm) as a marker for inflammation and tissue edema. Three doses of MSHE and two greater doses of MCF (100 and 200 mg/kg) were effective to reduce ulcer severity, area, and index as well as mucosal inflammation severity and extent, crypt damage, invasion involvement, total colitis index, and MPO activity compared with controls. MCF (50 mg/kg) was not significantly effective in reducing evaluated parameters of colitis compared with controls. Conclusion: It is concluded that MSHE and MCF were both effective to treat experimental colitis and this might be attributed to their similar major components, biophenols and flavonoids. Since the efficacy was evident even in low doses of MSHE, presence of active constituents with high potency in seeds is persuasive.}, keywords = {Acetic acid,Colitis,Inflammation,Moringa oleifera Lam,Rats,Seeds Extract}, url = {https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_1072.html}, eprint = {https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_1072_60363089750b9c601a40e25a11db8c6c.pdf} } @article { author = {Keshavarzi, Zakieh and Rezapour, Taha Mohammad and Vatanchian, Mehran and Hesari, Mohammad Zare and Nabizade Haghighi, Hadi and Izanlu, Mostafa and Sabaghian, Maryam and Shahveisi, Kaveh}, title = {The effects of aqueous extract of Aloe vera leaves on the gastric acid secretion and brain and intestinal water content following acetic acid- induced gastric ulcer in male rats}, journal = {Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine}, volume = {4}, number = {2}, pages = {137-143}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7930}, eissn = {2228-7949}, doi = {10.22038/ajp.2014.1909}, abstract = {Objective: Gut–brain axis (GBA) is very important in creation and modulation of gastrointestinal problems. Aloe vera gel has gastroprotective properties. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of Aloe vera leaves on the gastric acid secretion and brain and intestinal water content following acetic acid gastric ulcer induction. Materials and Methods: Gastric ulcer was induced by injection of 20% acetic acid into the subserosal layer in male rats. Rats were randomly assigned into three groups: intact group, gastric ulcer group and Aloe vera group (treatment with Aloe vera following gastric ulcer induction). The acid levels and brain and intestinal water content of each sample were measured eight days after the gastric ulcer induction. Results: Gastric acid levels were significantly decreased in Aloe vera group when compared with gastric ulcer group (p<0.05). However, there were no differences in acid output between gastric ulcer and Aloe vera groups with intact group. After Aloe vera administration, the amount of brain water content had no difference with intact and gastric ulcer groups (p<0.05). The duodenal water content in Aloe vera group was significantly reduced compared with intact group (p<0.05) but gastric ulcer group had no significant difference with intact and Aloe vera group. Conclusions: The administration of Aloe vera has an inhibitory effect on the gastric acid output.}, keywords = {Aloe vera,Brain water content,Gastric acid secretion,Peptic ulcer}, url = {https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_1909.html}, eprint = {https://ajp.mums.ac.ir/article_1909_c29256ed9e4ec6d4b06560c168c07d7b.pdf} }